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Public Actors In Private Markets: Toward A Developmental Finance State, Robert Hockett, Saule Omarova
Public Actors In Private Markets: Toward A Developmental Finance State, Robert Hockett, Saule Omarova
Saule T. Omarova
The recent financial crisis brought into sharp relief fundamental questions about the social function and purpose of the financial system, including its relation to the “real” economy. This Article argues that, to answer these questions, we must recapture a distinctively American view of the proper relations among state, financial market, and development. This programmatic vision – captured in what we call a “developmental finance state” – is based on three key propositions: (1) that economic and social development is not an “end-state” but a continuing national policy priority; (2) that the modalities of finance are the most potent means of …
Editor’S Introduction To The Review Symposium On The Book Myth And Measurement: The New Economics Of The Minimum Wage, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Editor’S Introduction To The Review Symposium On The Book Myth And Measurement: The New Economics Of The Minimum Wage, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Ronald G. Ehrenberg
[Excerpt] Why has Myth and Measurement engendered so much controversy? In part, because it deals with the minimum wage. The minimum wage was the first piece of protective labor legislation adopted at the national level, and proposals to increase the minimum wage invariably lead to heated debate between labor and business interests. When a book co-authored by the then chief economist in the Clinton Labor Department purports to show that, contrary to received wisdom, minimum wage increases do not appear to have any diverse effects on employment, it is predictable that conservative critics will attack its findings.
Research Approach Exploring Integrating Employment And Family Policy: Review Of Policy Objectives For The Population Policy White Paper In Taiwan, Chih-Lung Huang
Research Approach Exploring Integrating Employment And Family Policy: Review Of Policy Objectives For The Population Policy White Paper In Taiwan, Chih-Lung Huang
Chih-lung Huang
One of the main purposes of the Population Policy White Paper in Taiwan is to seek solutions to the baby bust trend. Through strengthening family policy, the Population Policy White Paper in Taiwan tries to satisfy the need for a balance between work and family for women. However, the need is not only concerned with the baby bust problem, but also about the institutional and structural problems on culture and welfare systems under the conventional male breadwinner model. This article will explain the reason why the issue of work and family life balance should consider gender equality. Through the dual …
Does America Face A Shortage Of Scientists And Engineers?, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Does America Face A Shortage Of Scientists And Engineers?, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Ronald G. Ehrenberg
[Excerpt] As someone who served on the committee that issued the 1998 study of the early careers of life scientists that Teitelbaum talks about in his article and who has critiqued models that projected shortages of new PhDs, I am very sympathetic to many of the points that he makes (National Research Council, 1998; Ehrenberg, 1991). What I want to focus on today is the word we in his title, because, as Teitelbaum emphasizes, the question of shortages or surpluses is often in the eye of the beholder. For example, from the perspective of faculty members involved in the academic …
The Social Security Student Benefit Program And Family Decisions, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
The Social Security Student Benefit Program And Family Decisions, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Ronald G. Ehrenberg
In 1965 Congress established the Social Security Student Benefit Program which provided benefits for children of deceased, disabled or retired workers, who were enrolled in college full—time and were not married, up until the semester they turned age 22. The program grew to be a major financial aid program; at its peak in FY 81 it represented about 20% of all federal outlays on student assistance for higher education. The program was terminated for students newly entering college as of May 1, 1982. Somewhat surprisingly, in contrast to the debate that accompanies most social programs, debate over the student benefit …
A Tale Of Two Decades: Changes In Work And Earnings In Massachusetts, 1979–1999, Randy Albelda, Marlene Kim
A Tale Of Two Decades: Changes In Work And Earnings In Massachusetts, 1979–1999, Randy Albelda, Marlene Kim
Marlene Kim
Over the past twenty years, Massachusetts has replaced the mantle of old-style manufacturing with a robust “new economy.” Our economic vitality has never been better. But not all individuals benefited from the 1990s boom as they had from the one a decade earlier. Some of our residents are worse off than they were before.
Disparate Impact Is Not Unconstitutional, Michael Evan Gold
Disparate Impact Is Not Unconstitutional, Michael Evan Gold
Michael Evan Gold
[Excerpt] In Ricci v. DeStefano, the "New Haven Firefighters" case, whitefirefighters and one Hispanic firefighter sued the city of New Haven, Connecticut and city officials under Title VII. The plaintiffs claimed the city had committed intentional discrimination or disparate treatment against them when the city disregarded the results of promotion examinations that had an adverse effect on black and Hispanic applicants. The Supreme Court sustained the claim. In his concurring opinion, Justice Scalia invited attorneys in subsequent cases to consider arguing that the disparate impact theory of employment discrimination is unconstitutional. He reasoned as follows: • The Constitution prohibits the …
Employment Generation And Poverty Alleviation In Developing Economies, Gary S. Fields
Employment Generation And Poverty Alleviation In Developing Economies, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] We know well that the East Asian economies have achieved higher economic growth rates than those in any other region of the world and that production for world markets has featured as a hallmark of the East Asian successes. This paper has three purposes: first, to present comparative data showing that the rates at which employment opportunities improve and poverty is reduced mirror countries' differential growth experiences; second, to examine differences in labour market institutions, demonstrating that those in East Asia have similarities more likely to lead to higher output performance and shared improvements in living conditions; and third, …
Innovation And Employment: A Reinvestigation Using Revised Pavitt Classes, Mario Pianta, Francesco Bogliacino
Innovation And Employment: A Reinvestigation Using Revised Pavitt Classes, Mario Pianta, Francesco Bogliacino
Mario Pianta
The relationship between innovation and employment is addressed in this article through a model and empirical test at industry level for eight European countries in 1994–2004. We investigate this relationship for manufacturing and services and propose a Revised Pavitt taxonomy (covering both of them) in order to identify specific patterns of technological change and job creation and loss. The contrasting effects of strategies of technological or cost competitiveness are investigated using innovation variables from CIS2 and CIS3. Together with demand, wages and industry dynamics, they account for changes in employees and hours worked. The diversity in these relations across industries …
Employment In Construction And Distribution Industries: The Impact Of The New Jobs Tax Credit, John H. Bishop
Employment In Construction And Distribution Industries: The Impact Of The New Jobs Tax Credit, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
Excerpt] The New Jobs Tax Credit (NJTC) offers a tax credit of fifty percent of the first $4200 of wages per employee for increases in employment of more than two percent over the previous year. Economic theory predicts that such a tax credit should stimulate employment, decrease hours worked per week, and reduce product prices of the subsidized industries. A time series analysis of the construction, retailing, and wholesaling industries finds strong support for these hypotheses. Our results suggest that the NJTC was responsible for 150,000-670,000 of the more than 1-million increase in employment that occurred between mid-1977 and mid-1978 …
Job Loss: Causes, Consequences, And Policy Responses, Kristin F. Butcher, Kevin F. Hallock
Job Loss: Causes, Consequences, And Policy Responses, Kristin F. Butcher, Kevin F. Hallock
Kevin F Hallock
From 2001 to 2003, 5.3 million workers were displaced. Beyond quantifying the numbers of jobs lost lie important questions about gains and losses from these changes and what policies may affect them. These questions will be addressed at an upcoming Chicago Fed conference.
Assessing The Impact Of Job Loss On Workers And Firms, Kristin F. Butcher, Kevin F. Hallock
Assessing The Impact Of Job Loss On Workers And Firms, Kristin F. Butcher, Kevin F. Hallock
Kevin F Hallock
Many economists agree that the United States’ openness to competition and technological change raises our living standards, but sometimes results in job losses. This article summarizes “Job Loss: Causes Consequences, and Policy Responses,” a conference which was cosponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank Chicago and the Joyce Foundation.
Disparate Impact Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act Of 1967, Michael Evan Gold
Disparate Impact Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act Of 1967, Michael Evan Gold
Michael Evan Gold
No abstract provided.
Griggs' Folly: An Essay On The Theory, Problems, And Origin Of The Adverse Impact Definition Of Employment Discrimination And A Recommendation For Reform, Michael Evan Gold
Griggs' Folly: An Essay On The Theory, Problems, And Origin Of The Adverse Impact Definition Of Employment Discrimination And A Recommendation For Reform, Michael Evan Gold
Michael Evan Gold
This Article examines the adverse impact theory of employment discrimination under Title VII. The author begins by discussing the development of adverse impact in the case law, and by scrutinizing its theoretical underpinnings. He demonstrates that Congress did not intend to mandate adoption of adverse impact theory when it established Title VII. The author then argues that the Courts have exceeded their authority under Title VII by embracing the theory of adverse impact. He concludes that the courts should therefore return to a narrower theory of employment discrimination, namely, a theory based on the legal concept of “intent.”
A Tale Of Two Amendments: The Reasons Congress Added Sex To Title Vii And Their Implication For The Issue Of Comparable Worth, Michael Evan Gold
A Tale Of Two Amendments: The Reasons Congress Added Sex To Title Vii And Their Implication For The Issue Of Comparable Worth, Michael Evan Gold
Michael Evan Gold
No abstract provided.
Innovazione E Occupazione, Mario Pianta
Innovation And Employment, Mario Pianta
Innovation And Employment, Mario Pianta
Mario Pianta
The relationship between innovation and employment is a complex one and has long been a topical issue in economic theory. Moving from the classical question ‘‘does technology create or destroy jobs?’’ recent research has investigated the impact of different types of innovation and the structural and institutional factors affecting the quantity of employment change. Quality aspects have received increasing attention, with questions of ‘‘what type of jobs are created or destroyed by innovation?’’ This line of research has asked, ‘‘how does the composition of skills change’’ and ‘‘how does the wage structure change,’’ leading to a large literature on skill …
The Impact Of Innovation On Jobs, Skills And Wages, Mario Pianta
The Impact Of Innovation On Jobs, Skills And Wages, Mario Pianta
Mario Pianta
Unemployment, skill polarisation and growing wage inequality are major problems in advanced countries. Technological change - in particular the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) - has often been called into question as a factor in such labour market developments. This article investigates the impact innovation has on jobs, skills and wages, discussing the concepts for analysis, reviewing the evidence of major studies and providing recent empirical evidence for European countries.
Employment Effects Of Product And Process Innovations In Europe, Mario Pianta, Tommaso Antonucci
Employment Effects Of Product And Process Innovations In Europe, Mario Pianta, Tommaso Antonucci
Mario Pianta
This paper develops a model of the employment impact of innovation considering, on the one hand, the interactions with demand and labour costs and, on the other, the variety of patterns of technological change. Different technological strategies are considered. First, a search for technological competitiveness is based on product innovation and productivity rooted in quality advantages; second a strategy of active price competitiveness has productivity growth rooted in process innovation-based restructuring; third a passive price competitiveness strategy is pursued by noninnovators relying on cost-cutting. The new European innovation database drawn from the Community Innovation Survey 1994-96, merged with structural and …
Innovation, Demand And Employment, Mario Pianta
Innovation, Demand And Employment, Mario Pianta
Mario Pianta
The paper examines the link between technological change and demand and their impact on employment in manufacturing industry. The specific nature of innovation, mainly oriented towards product or process innovations, is considered, in the light of the competitive strategies of firms and industries. An interpretative model is proposed and an empirical analysis is carried out, using the data of the European Innovation Surveys for five countries. The results of cross-industry regressions show that demand, structural change and orientation toward product innovations have a positive impact on employment change in the 1990s, while the intensity of innovative expenditure (including R&D, design, …