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The Obama Administration's Challenges After The 'War On Science': Reforming Staffing Practices And Protecting Scientific Integrity In The Executive Branch, Justin Vaughn, José Villalobos
The Obama Administration's Challenges After The 'War On Science': Reforming Staffing Practices And Protecting Scientific Integrity In The Executive Branch, Justin Vaughn, José Villalobos
José D. Villalobos
In this article, we examine the difficult leadership position President Barack Obama inherited as he took office with respect to science and technology policy making and implementation, particularly following the Bush administration and years of the so-called "war on science." We contend that the Obama administration's challenge is not only to take substantive policy action, but also to reform certain administrative practices, particularly in light of the previous administration's practice of the politics of strategic vacancies, a managerial technique that rearranges an agency's ideological inclinations not through the usual forms of active politicization (i.e., by filling the appointee ranks with …
Disparities In Level Of Amputation Among Minorities: Implications For Improved Preventative Care, Kristin M. Lefebvre, Stephen Metraux
Disparities In Level Of Amputation Among Minorities: Implications For Improved Preventative Care, Kristin M. Lefebvre, Stephen Metraux
Stephen Metraux
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between race and level of amputation and to discuss the implications if a disparity was found. Methods: From the 2003 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 80 845 (weighted) discharges with a diagnosis of vascular disease and black or white race were evaluated for a disparity in level of amputation. Level of amputation was categorized using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification procedure codes into above-knee and below-knee amputation. SPSS 15.0 complex samples software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois) was used for univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. …
The Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Conditions Among The Adult U.S. Population: Considerations For Physical Therapists., Michael P. Johnson, Stephen Metraux
The Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Conditions Among The Adult U.S. Population: Considerations For Physical Therapists., Michael P. Johnson, Stephen Metraux
Stephen Metraux
Study Design: Retrospective, Cross-sectional. Objectives: Identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions (MSC) among the non-institutionalized U.S. population using an expanded set of ICD-9-CM codes that correspond to the range of conditions seen in Physical Therapist (PT) Practice. Examine prevalence rates among adults and older adults (65 years and older). Background: MSCs are the most common health problem in the U.S. and prevalence increases with age. Previous studies examining MSC prevalence were based on a limited set of conditions seen by physicians, therefore may not be representative of those who receive PT services. Disease prevalence is used to determine resource allocation …
Presidential Staffing And Public Opinion: How Public Opinion Influences Politicization, José Villalobos, Justin Vaughn
Presidential Staffing And Public Opinion: How Public Opinion Influences Politicization, José Villalobos, Justin Vaughn
José D. Villalobos
Scholars traditionally frame presidential efforts to politicize the federal bureaucracy as the result of divergence between the president's preferences and an agency's output. The authors argue that presidential concern with agency output is dynamic and is in part conditioned by the president's relationship with the public. To assess the relationship between politicization and public opinion, the authors use a data set that combines information on presidential efforts to politicize the Council of Economic Advisers from 1989 to 2004 with that of public attitudes concerning the president's handling of the economy. Their results indicate that public opinion does indeed bear a …
The Managing Of The Presidency: Applying Theory-Driven Empirical Models To The Study Of White House Bureaucratic Performance, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
The Managing Of The Presidency: Applying Theory-Driven Empirical Models To The Study Of White House Bureaucratic Performance, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
José D. Villalobos
We argue that scholars of the presidency should begin to apply their rich descriptive understanding of White House organization and personnel to questions of causality. To help guide this effort, we offer a theory-driven empirical model that explains organizational performance. Importing theory from the public management literature, we show how scholars can use the Meier-O'Toole (MO) model to explain performance outcomes and dynamics for key political and policy functions within the institutional presidency. We introduce the MO model and discuss its potential impact on the field of presidency studies.
Obama’S Empty Cupboard: Contending With Administrative Vacancies And The Threat To Neutral Competence, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
Obama’S Empty Cupboard: Contending With Administrative Vacancies And The Threat To Neutral Competence, Justin S. Vaughn, José D. Villalobos
José D. Villalobos
In this essay, we focus on the public administration challenge concerning the rising number of politically motivated administrative vacancies resulting from George W. Bush's tenure in office with which President Barack Obama must now contend. We argue that the hyper-politicization of personnel decision-making during the presidency of George W. Bush left many parts of the federal bureaucracy understaffed, yet more densely populated by staffers chosen more for ideological and political congruence than administrative competence. For President Obama to achieve key aspects of his policy agenda, he must first attend to fixing these staffing problems and then to reforming the personnel …