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The Fiscal Sustainability Of Retiree Health Care Benefits Among New York State School Districts, Robert Bifulco, Minch Lewis, Iuliia Shybalkina
The Fiscal Sustainability Of Retiree Health Care Benefits Among New York State School Districts, Robert Bifulco, Minch Lewis, Iuliia Shybalkina
Center for Policy Research
We examine spending on retiree health care as a percentage of revenues for a sample of New York State school districts. The fiscal burden of these benefits grew from 2010 to 2021, and big city school districts have faced the largest burdens. Assuming CBO forecasts regarding growth in health care costs and continuation of recent trends in revenue growth, we project that the burden of retiree health care benefits will exceed 10 percent of revenue by 2050. Projected burdens are greatest big city and high need rural districts. We discuss cutting benefits and pre-funding as possible policy responses.
“Model Minorities” In The Classroom? Positive Evaluation Bias Towards Asian Students And Its Consequences, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu
“Model Minorities” In The Classroom? Positive Evaluation Bias Towards Asian Students And Its Consequences, Ying Shi, Maria Zhu
Center for Policy Research
The fast-growing demographic group of Asian Americans is often perceived as a “model minority.” This paper establishes empirical evidence of this stereotype in the context of education and then analyzes its consequences. We show that teachers rate Asian students’ academic skills more favorably than observationally similar White students in the same class, even after accounting for test performance and behavior. This contrasts with teachers’ lower likelihood of favoring Black and Hispanic students. Notably, teachers respond to the presence of any Asian student in the classroom by exacerbating Black-White and Hispanic-White assessment gaps. This suggests that the “model minority” stereotype can …
Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using Ε- Contamination: An Application To Crop Yields And Climate Change, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix
Robust Dynamic Space-Time Panel Data Models Using Ε- Contamination: An Application To Crop Yields And Climate Change, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Anoop Chaturvedi, Guy Lacroix
Center for Policy Research
This paper extends the Baltagi et al. (2018, 2021) static and dynamic ε-contamination papers to dynamic space-time models. We investigate the robustness of Bayesian panel data models to possible misspecification of the prior distribution. The proposed robust Bayesian approach de-parts from the standard Bayesian framework in two ways. First, we consider the ε-contamination class of prior distributions for the model parameters as well as for the individual effects. Second, both the base elicited priors and the ε-contamination priors use Zellner (1986)’s g-priors for the variance-covariance matrices. We propose a general “toolbox” for a wide range of specifications which includes the …
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: November 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: November 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during November 2022
Older Adults On Snap Experience Gaps In Benefits, Colleen Heflin, Leslie Hodges, Irma A. Arteaga, Chinedum O. Ojinnaka, Gabriella Alphonso
Older Adults On Snap Experience Gaps In Benefits, Colleen Heflin, Leslie Hodges, Irma A. Arteaga, Chinedum O. Ojinnaka, Gabriella Alphonso
Population Health Research Brief Series
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest food and nutrition assistance program in the United States. Burdens associated with SNAP recertification often lead to administrative churn, when a household experiences a gap in SNAP benefit receipt. Older adults are at risk of experiencing benefit gaps, which may negatively impact their health and nutrition. This brief summarizes results of a recent study that examined administrative churn among Missouri SNAP participants aged 60 years and older. The authors call for program changes that reduce the frequency and duration of churn among older adults.
Limited Cognitive Ability May Reduce Snap Participation Among Older Adults, Colleen Heflin, Dongmei Zuo, Gabriella Alphonso
Limited Cognitive Ability May Reduce Snap Participation Among Older Adults, Colleen Heflin, Dongmei Zuo, Gabriella Alphonso
Population Health Research Brief Series
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest food and nutrition assistance program in the U.S. For older adults currently on SNAP, meeting administrative requirements to remain on SNAP is difficult due to short recertification time frames, a lack of social support, and cognitive impairment. This brief summarizes results of a recent study examining the impact of cognitive decline on SNAP participation among adults aged 60 yrs. and older. Findings demonstrate that cognitive decline and living alone are associated with reduced SNAP participation, with older females being the most affected.
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: October 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: October 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during October 2022
Conservative State Policies Contribute To Higher Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Americans, Jennifer Karas Montez, Nader Mehri, Shannon M. Monnat
Conservative State Policies Contribute To Higher Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Americans, Jennifer Karas Montez, Nader Mehri, Shannon M. Monnat
Population Health Research Brief Series
The risk of dying during working ages (25 to 64) is high, rising, and unequal in the United States. Working-age mortality rates are much higher in some states than others. Part of the explanation may relate to differing policies across states that affect health. While some states enact policies that invest in people’s economic, social, and behavioral wellbeing, others enact policies that are potentially harmful to health. Using mortality data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this study examined how state policies on criminal justice, taxes, environment, firearms, marijuana, health care, labor, and tobacco were associated with …
Cities In A Pandemic: Evidence From China, Badi H. Baltagi, Ying Deng, Jing Li, Zhenlin Yang
Cities In A Pandemic: Evidence From China, Badi H. Baltagi, Ying Deng, Jing Li, Zhenlin Yang
Center for Policy Research
This paper studies the impact of urban density, city government efficiency, and medical resources on COVID-19 infection and death outcomes in China. We adopt a simultaneous spatial dynamic panel data model to account for (i) the simultaneity of infection and death outcomes, (ii) the spatial pattern of the transmission, (iii) the inter-temporal dynamics of the disease, and (iv) the unobserved city- and time-specific effects. We find that, while population density increases the level of infections, government efficiency significantly mitigates the negative impact of urban density. We also find that the availability of medical resources improves public health outcomes conditional on …
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: September 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: September 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during September 2022
Hispanics And Latinos In The Military: The Path From Service To Veteran Entrepreneurship, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard
Hispanics And Latinos In The Military: The Path From Service To Veteran Entrepreneurship, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
This brief provides highlights from the 2021 National Survey of Military-Affiliated Entrepreneurs (NSMAE) focusing on Hispanic, Latino/a/x, or Spanish origin (for example Mexican or Mexican American, Salvadoran, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Cuban, Colombian, etc.) veteran entrepreneurs. NSMAE monitors trends in the activity, needs, and economic, social, and policy barriers of military-affiliated entrepreneurs in the United States.
Beyond The Classroom: The Broader Effects Of Public Preschool Expansion On Children’S Early Educational Experiences And Early Literacy Skills, Michah Rothbart, Taryn Morrissey
Beyond The Classroom: The Broader Effects Of Public Preschool Expansion On Children’S Early Educational Experiences And Early Literacy Skills, Michah Rothbart, Taryn Morrissey
Center for Policy Research
While previous research documents direct benefits of preschool for those who attend, less is known about how targeted expansions of public preschool to low-income households affects children’s early educational experiences, preschool attendance patterns, and school readiness in a broader community. This study uses administrative data from Virginia of first-time kindergarteners from 2011 to 2019 (about 630,000 students) and a discrete increase in targeted public pre-K (VPI+) to better understand the effects of expanding means-tested public preschool on patterns of prekindergarten participation and school readiness throughout the community. We find decreased probability that children in expansion districts spend no time in …
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: August 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: August 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during August 2022
Allowing Cities To Mandate Employer Paid Sick Leave Could Reduce Deaths Among Working-Age Adults, Douglas A. Wolf, Jennifer Karas Montez, Shannon M. Monnat
Allowing Cities To Mandate Employer Paid Sick Leave Could Reduce Deaths Among Working-Age Adults, Douglas A. Wolf, Jennifer Karas Montez, Shannon M. Monnat
Population Health Research Brief Series
Paid sick leave is good for health, yet there is no federal paid sick leave mandate, and U.S. states are increasingly preempting their city and county governments from mandating employer paid sick leave. This brief describes how working-age (ages 25-64) mortality rates from several external causes of premature death (suicide, homicide, drug overdose, alcohol poisoning, and transport accidents) from 1999 to 2019 may have been lower if states had not preempted cities and counties from mandating paid sick leave. The authors find that working-age mortality rates could have been over 7.5% lower in 2019 in cities and counties that were …
The Conditional Mode In Parametric Frontier Models, William C. Horrace, Hyunseok Jung, Yi Yang
The Conditional Mode In Parametric Frontier Models, William C. Horrace, Hyunseok Jung, Yi Yang
Center for Policy Research
We survey formulations of the conditional mode estimator for technical inefficiency in parametric stochastic frontier models with normal errors and introduce new formulations for models with Laplace errors. We prove the conditional mode estimator converges pointwise to the true inefficiency value as the noise variance goes to zero. We also prove that the conditional mode estimator in the normal-exponential model achieves near-minimax optimality. Our minimax theorem implies that the worst-case risk occurs when many firms are nearly efficient, and the conditional mode estimator minimizes estimation risk in this case by estimating these small inefficiency firms as efficient. Unlike the conditional …
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: July 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: July 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during July 2022
Expansions In The U.S. Child Care And Development Block Grant Improved Program Stability, Hyojeong Kim, Colleen Heflin, Taryn Morrissey
Expansions In The U.S. Child Care And Development Block Grant Improved Program Stability, Hyojeong Kim, Colleen Heflin, Taryn Morrissey
Population Health Research Brief Series
Child care is necessary for most parents to work and serves as an important developmental context for children. Yet many low-income families struggle with the high cost of child care. The child care subsidy program is designed to help low-income working families pay for child care. In 2018, Congress substantially increased funding for child care through the Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) to states, enabling them to make improvements to their child care subsidy programs. This brief summarizes the policy changes made in Virginia and describes how those changes improved child care subsidy stability and participation in that …
National Food Security, Immigration Reform, And The Importance Of Worker Engagement In Agricultural Guestworker Debates, Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern
National Food Security, Immigration Reform, And The Importance Of Worker Engagement In Agricultural Guestworker Debates, Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern
Food Studies - All Scholarship
This article looks at the United States’ federal H-2A Temporary Agricultural Visa Program and reforms proposed by the Farm Workforce Modernization Act. In this policy analysis, we draw on media content analysis and qualitative interviews to compare the viewpoints of farmers, workers, grower and worker advocacy groups, intermediary agents, and politicians. We find that perspectives on the program are dependent upon actors’ level of direct interaction with workers. Moderate-sized farmers and regionally based worker advocacy groups tend to be the most concerned with day-to-day program operations and fair working conditions. In contrast, national-level advocacy groups, intermediary agents, and politicians are …
Data Brief: Women Veteran Entrepreneurs - 2022, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard
Data Brief: Women Veteran Entrepreneurs - 2022, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
This brief provides highlights from the 2021 National Survey of Military-Affiliated Entrepreneurs (NSMAE) focusing on female veteran entrepreneurs. NSMAE monitors trends in the activity, needs, and economic, social, and policy barriers of military-affiliated entrepreneurs in the United States. This annual survey and forthcoming public dataset will be an enduring source of current insights for public and private sector leaders, policymakers, and community-based organization on systemic barriers to and drivers of entrepreneurial success among veterans and their family members
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: June 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: June 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during June 2022
The Wqw Annual Program Report -- July 2022, Bonnie Chapman Beers, Keoki Spaulding, Kicia Sears
The Wqw Annual Program Report -- July 2022, Bonnie Chapman Beers, Keoki Spaulding, Kicia Sears
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
In early 2021, Warriors & Quiet Waters engaged the Evaluation and Capacity Building team at the IVMF to help measure and communicate the impact of their programs and better tell the story of the participant journey to thriving. The purpose of this evaluation was to test the hypothesis that participants experience a type of transformation or improvement during or immediately after a Fishing Expedition (FX), and that this effect is sustained for some individuals or can be enhanced through participation in additional FXs. Overall, this evaluation found that survey respondents reported improvements in nearly all domains investigated, including the value …
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: May 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: May 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during May 2022
Civil Rights, Firearm Safety, And Environmental Protection Policies Predict Better Health Among U.S. Midlife Adults, Blakelee R. Kemp, Jacob M. Grumbach, Jennifer Karas Montez
Civil Rights, Firearm Safety, And Environmental Protection Policies Predict Better Health Among U.S. Midlife Adults, Blakelee R. Kemp, Jacob M. Grumbach, Jennifer Karas Montez
Population Health Research Brief Series
Americans suffer worse health and shorter lives than do people in most other high-income countries. The poor health and early death of many Americans are pronounced in certain states. One explanation may be the dramatic changes in the policy environment in recent decades, particularly the polarization in state policies. This research brief examines the association between several state policies and self-rated health among adults ages 45-64 from 1993 to 2016. Findings show that more liberal versions of certain state policies, namely civil rights, firearm safety, and environmental protection are associated with better health.
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: April 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: April 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during April 2022
Key Insights: 2021 National Survey Of Military-Affiliated Entrepreneurs, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard, Alexander Mckelvie, Linda Euto
Key Insights: 2021 National Survey Of Military-Affiliated Entrepreneurs, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard, Alexander Mckelvie, Linda Euto
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
This data brief provides key insights and findings from the 2021 National Survey of Military Affiliated (NSMAE) entrepreneurs about their experiences related to entrepreneurship, COVID-19 pandemic, military, and overall wellbeing.
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: March 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: March 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during March 2022.
2021 National Survey Of Military-Affiliated Entrepreneurs, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard, Alexander Mckelvie, Linda Euto
2021 National Survey Of Military-Affiliated Entrepreneurs, Rosalinda V. Maury, Mirza Tihic, Adam Pritchard, Alexander Mckelvie, Linda Euto
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
This report shares findings from the 2021 National Survey of Military Affiliated (NSMAE) entrepreneurs about their experiences related to entrepreneurship, COVID-19 pandemic, military, and overall wellbeing.
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: February 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: February 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during February 2022.
Lasso For Stochastic Frontier Models With Many Efficient Firms, William C. Horrace, Hyunseok Jung, Yoonseok Lee
Lasso For Stochastic Frontier Models With Many Efficient Firms, William C. Horrace, Hyunseok Jung, Yoonseok Lee
Center for Policy Research
We apply the adaptive LASSO (Zou, 2006) to select a set of maximally efficient firms in the panel fixed-effect stochastic frontier model. The adaptively weighted L1 penalty with sign restrictions for firm-level inefficiencies allows simultaneous estimation of the maximal efficiency and firm-level inefficiency parameters, which results in a faster rate of convergence of the corresponding estimators than the least-squares dummy variable approach. We show that the estimator possesses the oracle property and selection consistency still holds with our proposed tuning parameter selection criterion. We also propose an efficient optimization algorithm based on coordinate descent. We apply the method to estimate …
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: January 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
The Employment Situation Of Veterans: January 2022, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University
Institute for Veterans and Military Families
Veteran employment trends and statistics among various demographics during January 2022.