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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
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Adding A Motivational Interviewing Pretreatment To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial., Henny A Westra, Hal Arkowitz, David J A Dozois
Adding A Motivational Interviewing Pretreatment To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial., Henny A Westra, Hal Arkowitz, David J A Dozois
Psychology Publications
Seventy-six individuals with a principal diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomly assigned to receive either an MI pretreatment or no pretreatment (NPT), prior to receiving CBT. Significant group differences favoring the MI-CBT group were observed on the hallmark GAD symptom of worry and on therapist-rated homework compliance, which mediated the impact of treatment group on worry reduction. Adding MI pretreatment to CBT was specifically and substantively beneficial for individuals with high worry severity at baseline. There was evidence of relapse at 6-month follow-up for high severity individuals who received MI-CBT, but significant moderator effects favoring the high severity …
Changes In Self-Schema Structure In Cognitive Therapy For Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial., David J A Dozois, Peter J Bieling, Irene Patelis-Siotis, Lori Hoar, Susan Chudzik, Katie Mccabe, Henny A Westra
Changes In Self-Schema Structure In Cognitive Therapy For Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial., David J A Dozois, Peter J Bieling, Irene Patelis-Siotis, Lori Hoar, Susan Chudzik, Katie Mccabe, Henny A Westra
Psychology Publications
Negative cognitive structure (particularly for interpersonal content) has been shown in some research to persist past a current episode of depression and potentially to be a stable marker of vulnerability for depression (D. J. A. Dozois, 2007; D. J. A. Dozois & K. S. Dobson, 2001a). Given that cognitive therapy (CT) is highly effective for treating the acute phase of a depressive episode and that this treatment also reduces the risk of relapse and recurrence, it is possible that CT may alter these stable cognitive structures. In the current study, patients were randomly assigned to CT+ pharmacotherapy (n = 21) …
Cognitive Vulnerability To Anxiety: A Review And An Integrative Model., Allison J Ouimet, Bertram Gawronski, David J A Dozois
Cognitive Vulnerability To Anxiety: A Review And An Integrative Model., Allison J Ouimet, Bertram Gawronski, David J A Dozois
Psychology Publications
Consistent research evidence supports the existence of threat-relevant cognitive bias in anxiety, but there remains controversy about which stages of information processing are most important in the conferral of cognitive vulnerability to anxiety. To account for both theoretical and empirical discrepancies in the literature, an integrative multi-process model is proposed wherein core assumptions of dual-systems theories from social and cognitive psychology are adapted to explain attentional and interpretive biases in the anxiety disorders. According to the model, individual differences in associative and rule-based processing jointly influence orientation, engagement, disengagement, and avoidance of threat-relevant stimuli, as well as negatively-biased interpretation of …
The Influence Of Shyness On The Use Of Facebook In An Undergraduate Sample, Emily S. Orr, Mia Sisic, Craig Ross, Mary G. Simmering, Jaime M. Arseneault, Robert Orr
The Influence Of Shyness On The Use Of Facebook In An Undergraduate Sample, Emily S. Orr, Mia Sisic, Craig Ross, Mary G. Simmering, Jaime M. Arseneault, Robert Orr
Psychology Publications
Researchers have suggested that individual differences will help to determine which online communication tools appeal to and are used by different individuals. With respect to the domain of computer-mediated communication, shyness is a particular personality trait of interest, as forums provide opportunities for social interactions that shy individuals might otherwise avoid. The present study investigated the personality trait of shyness and its relation with certain features of an online communication tool (Facebook). We hypothesized that shyness would be significantly related to the quantity of time spent on Facebook, the number of contacts added to one’s Facebook profile, and attitudes toward …
The Wind Chilled The Spectators, But The Wine Just Chilled: Sense, Structure, And Sentence Comprehension, Mary Hare, Jeffrey L. Elman, Tracy Tabaczynski, Ken Mcrae
The Wind Chilled The Spectators, But The Wine Just Chilled: Sense, Structure, And Sentence Comprehension, Mary Hare, Jeffrey L. Elman, Tracy Tabaczynski, Ken Mcrae
Psychology Publications
Anticipation plays a role in language comprehension. In this article, we explore the extent to which verb sense influences expectations about upcoming structure. We focus on change of state verbs like shatter, which have different senses that are expressed in either transitive or intransitive structures, depending on the sense that is used. In two experiments we influence the interpretation of verb sense by manipulating the thematic fit of the grammatical subject as cause or affected entity for the verb, and test whether readers’ expectations for a transitive or intransitive structure change as a result. This sense-biasing context influenced reading times …
Conceptual Hierarchies In A Flat Attractor Network: Dynamics Of Learning And Computations, Christopher M. O'Connor, George S. Cree, Ken Mcrae
Conceptual Hierarchies In A Flat Attractor Network: Dynamics Of Learning And Computations, Christopher M. O'Connor, George S. Cree, Ken Mcrae
Psychology Publications
The structure of people’s conceptual knowledge of concrete nouns has traditionally been viewed as hierarchical (Collins & Quillian, 1969). For example, superordinate concepts (vegetable) are assumed to reside at a higher level than basic-level concepts (carrot). A feature-based attractor network with a single layer of semantic features developed representations of both basic-level and superordinate concepts. No hierarchical structure was built into the network. In Experiment and Simulation 1, the graded structure of categories (typicality ratings) is accounted for by the flat attractor network. Experiment and Simulation 2 show that, as with basic-level concepts, such a network predicts feature verification latencies …
Personality And Motivations Associated With Facebook Use, Craig Ross, Emily Orr, Mia Sisic, Jaime Michelle Arseneault, Mary G Simmering, Robert Orr
Personality And Motivations Associated With Facebook Use, Craig Ross, Emily Orr, Mia Sisic, Jaime Michelle Arseneault, Mary G Simmering, Robert Orr
Psychology Publications
Facebook is quickly becoming one of the most popular tools for social communication. However, Facebook is somewhat different from other Social Networking Sites as it demonstrates an offline-to-online trend; that is, the majority of Facebook Friends are met offline and then added later. The present research investigated how the Five-Factor Model of personality relates to Facebook use. Despite some expected trends regarding Extraversion and Openness to Experience, results indicated that personality factors were not as influential as previous literature would suggest. The results also indicated that a motivation to communicate was influential in terms of Facebook use. It is suggested …
Gender Role, Life Satisfaction, And Wellness: Androgyny In A Southwestern Ontario Sample., Reagan Gale-Ross, Anne Baird, Shelagh Towson
Gender Role, Life Satisfaction, And Wellness: Androgyny In A Southwestern Ontario Sample., Reagan Gale-Ross, Anne Baird, Shelagh Towson
Psychology Publications
This study investigated the relationships among gender role and self-reported health functioning in a sample of community dwelling older adults. One hundred and two (55 female, 47 male) participants were recruited through seniors’ associations in Windsor, Ontario. Analyses of variance were conducted separately by gender to compare the self-rated physical health functioning, wellness, and life satisfaction of participants differing on classification of their gender role. For older women classified as androgynous, gender role exhibited significant effects on general wellness and life satisfaction, but not on self-reported physical health functioning. In support of Bem’s androgyny model of optimal adjustment, post-hoc analyses …
Black Canadians’ Coping Response To Racial Discrimination, Justine Joseph, B.C.H Kuo
Black Canadians’ Coping Response To Racial Discrimination, Justine Joseph, B.C.H Kuo
Psychology Publications
On the basis of a cultural coping framework, the present study examined coping responses to racial discrimination among 190 Black Canadians. The study assessed the respondents' coping with both general (i.e., problem- and emotion-focused coping) and Africultural coping strategies (i.e., spiritual-centered, collective, and ritual-centered coping) across three different racial discrimination vignettes (i.e., interpersonal, institutional, and cultural discrimination). Furthermore, three individual and cultural difference variables, African self-consciousness, social desirability, and past race-related stress, were controlled in the analyses. As predicted, the results of the profile analysis and multivariate analyses showed that both general and Africultural coping were used by the participants …
Ruminative Thought Style And Depressed Mood., Jay K Brinker, David J A Dozois
Ruminative Thought Style And Depressed Mood., Jay K Brinker, David J A Dozois
Psychology Publications
Recent research has suggested that the measure most commonly used to assess rumination, the Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ; L. D. Butler & S. Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994), may be heavily biased by depressive symptoms, thereby restricting the scope of research exploring this construct. This article offers a broader conceptualization of rumination, which includes positive, negative, and neutral thoughts as well as past and future-oriented thoughts. The first two studies describe the development and evaluation of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), a psychometrically sound measure of the general tendency to ruminate. Further, the scale is comprised of a single factor and shows …
Shared Features Dominate Semantic Richness Effects For Concrete Concepts, Ray Grondin, Stephen J. Lupker, Ken Mcrae
Shared Features Dominate Semantic Richness Effects For Concrete Concepts, Ray Grondin, Stephen J. Lupker, Ken Mcrae
Psychology Publications
When asked to list semantic features for concrete concepts, participants list many features for some concepts and few for others. Concepts with many semantic features are processed faster in lexical and semantic decision tasks [Pexman, P. M., Lupker, S. J., & Hino, Y. (2002). The impact of feedback semantics in visual word recognition: Number-of-features effects in lexical decision and naming tasks. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,9, 542–549; Pexman, P. M., Holyk, G. G., & MonFils, M.-H. (2003). Number-of-features effects and semantic processing. Memory & Cognition,31,842–855]. Using both lexical and concreteness decision tasks, we provided further insight into these number-of-features …