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Integrating The Diverse Definitions Of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework Of Subjective Well-Being, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener, Maya Tamir, Christie N. Scollon, Marrisa Diener

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The field of subjective well-being (SWB) is primarily concerned with people's evaluation of their lives; however, it includes a wide range of concepts, from momentary moods to global life satisfaction judgments. We propose a framework that integrates these diverse constructs. Our sequential temporal framework of subjective well-being describes experiences of well-being from the events and circumstances that cause evaluative reactions, through the emotional reactions to these events, to recall of these reactions, and finally to global judgments of well-being based on the previous stages. The hypothesized processes that translate the various steps in the sequence into one another are described, …

Using Fmri To Investigate A Component Process Of Reflection: Prefrontal Correlates Of Refreshing A Just-Activated Representation, Marcia K. Johnson, Carol L. Raye, Karen J. Mitchell, Erich J. Greene, William A. Cunningham, Charles A. Sanislow

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Using fMRI, we investigated the functional organization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) as participants briefly thought of a single just-experienced item (i.e., refreshed an active representation). The results of six studies, and a meta-analysis including previous studies, identified regions in left dorsolateral, anterior, and ventrolateral PFC associated in varying degrees with refreshing different types of information (visual and auditory words, drawings, patterns, people, places, or locations). In addition, activity increased in anterior cingulate with selection demands and in orbitofrontal cortex when a nonselected item was emotionally salient, consistent with a role for these areas in cognitive control (e.g., overcoming "mental rubbernecking"). …

Memory Enhancement By A Semantically Unrelated Emotional Arousal Source Induced After Learning, Kristy A. Nielson, Douglas Yee, Kirk I. Erickson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

It has been well established that moderate physiological or emotional arousal modulates memory. However, there is some controversy about whether the source of arousal must be semantically related to the information to be remembered. To test this idea, 35 healthy young adult participants learned a list of common nouns and afterward viewed a semantically unrelated, neutral or emotionally arousing videotape. The tape was shown after learning to prevent arousal effects on encoding or attention, instead influencing memory consolidation. Heart rate increase was significantly greater in the arousal group, and negative affect was significantly less reported in the non-arousal group after …

The Effects Of Non-Contingent Extrinsic And Intrinsic Rewards On Memory Consolidation, Kristy A. Nielson, Ted Bryant

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Emotional and arousing treatments given shortly after learning enhance delayed memory retrieval in animal and human studies. Positive affect and reward induced prior to a variety of cognitive tasks enhance performance, but their ability to affect memory consolidation has not been investigated before. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a small, non-contingent, intrinsic or extrinsic reward on delayed memory retrieval. Participants (n = 108) studied and recalled a list of 30 affectively neutral, imageable nouns. Experimental groups were then given either an intrinsic reward (e.g., praise) or an extrinsic reward (e.g., $1). After a one-week delay, participants’ retrieval performance …

Development And Validation Of The Sport Emotion Questionnaire, Marc V. Jones, Andrew M. Lane, Steven R. Bray, Mark Uphill, James Catlin

Marc Jones

The present paper outlines the development of a sport-specific measure of precompetitive emotion to assess anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, and happiness. Face, content, factorial, and concurrent validity were examined over four stages. Stage 1 had 264 athletes complete an open-ended questionnaire to identify emotions experienced in sport. The item pool was extended through the inclusion of additional items taken from the literature. In Stage 2 a total of 148 athletes verified the item pool while a separate sample of 49 athletes indicated the extent to which items were representative of the emotions anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, and happiness. Stage 3 …

Distinctions Among Terms Used To Describe Emotions And Moods, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Emotion theorists continue to debate about differences between emotions and moods. Many agree that emotions are necessarily directed at objects, whereas moods are not. This, and other, alternative differences between mood and emotion terms were examined. Fifty undergraduate students were asked to rate a number of affect terms according to their object-directedness, duration, intensity, physiological impact, and psychological feeling states. The results were analyzed to illustrate possible differences between moods and emotions. Implications of the results are discussed.

The Role Of Emotions In Complex Problem-Solving, Joachim Funke, Daniel Wagener, Miriam Spering

Joachim Funke