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Assessing Implicit Leadership And Followership Theories, Daniel Bashore
Assessing Implicit Leadership And Followership Theories, Daniel Bashore
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Implicit Leadership and Followership Theories (ILTs and IFTs, respectively) are individuals’ schemas composed of attributes that characterize leaders and followers. ILTs and IFTs are commonly measured through direct measures, however, researchers have questioned the validity of popular direct measures. With better and more parallel measures, we can examine the extent to which individuals think about leaders and followers as similar or dissimilar. Also, although substantial research has examined predictors of explicit leadership and leaders’ behavior, little research has attempted to examine antecedents of implicit leadership or followership. Using a sample of working adults (N = 243), the current study created …
What Are You Looking At? Using Eye-Tracking To Provide Insight Into Careless Responding, Cheyna Katherine Brower
What Are You Looking At? Using Eye-Tracking To Provide Insight Into Careless Responding, Cheyna Katherine Brower
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Careless responding (CR), also called insufficient effort responding (IER), occurs when survey participants respond to items without regard to item content. The presence of careless responding threatens the validity of inferences made from self-report data (Huang et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2015), thus careless responding must be identified and removed to trust inferences made based on self-report survey data. Using a sample of 59 undergraduate students, this study uses eye-tracking data to assess the validity of existing careless responding indices and to provide insight into the nature of careless responding. Although influenced by measurement error in the eye-tracking indices, …
Comparing Dichotomous And Polytomous Items Using Item Response Trees, Daniel Jenkins
Comparing Dichotomous And Polytomous Items Using Item Response Trees, Daniel Jenkins
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Research on the optimal number of response options on graphic rating scales has yielded mixed results such as that more scale points are better; there is an optimal range; or that it does not matter. The present study compared the psychometric properties of dichotomous and polytomous personality items using several methods of scoring including summed scores, item response theory (IRT), and item response trees. It was found that regression models based on dichotomous items explained similar amounts of variance in careless responding as models based on polytomous items. In addition, scores from dichotomous models were more closely related to the …
Examining The Role Of Trust In Peer-Assisted Learning, Peter Crowe
Examining The Role Of Trust In Peer-Assisted Learning, Peter Crowe
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Team and peer-assisted learning methodologies are becoming increasingly prevalent in both academia and industry. Learning with others is used with the assumption that individuals learn better in groups. The studies in this paper examine aspects of Peer-Assisted Learning in order to understand whether the claims of improved individual learning are substantiated, and if so, how that improved learning occurs. The cognitive mechanism examined in the studies below is the development of trust between peers on a learning task. Participants were selected from Wright State University and were predominantly undergraduate Psychology 101 students. Results indicated that Peer-Assisted Learning conditions did not …
Extraversion And Emotional Expressiveness: Moderators Of The Relationship Between Curmudgeon Personality And The Quality Of Social Relationships, Md Rashedul Islam
Extraversion And Emotional Expressiveness: Moderators Of The Relationship Between Curmudgeon Personality And The Quality Of Social Relationships, Md Rashedul Islam
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Curmudgeon personality, the extent to which a person dislikes most things, has recently received increased attention from researchers. Existing research has focused on either the relationships between curmudgeon personality and Big Five personality factors (e.g., extraversion, agreeableness) or curmudgeon personality and various workplace outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention). The current research examined whether curmudgeon personality and other personality traits (i.e., extraversion and emotional expressiveness) interact with each other to influence the quality of individuals’ social relationships at work. Analyses using an MTurk dataset (N = 529) showed some evidence of these interaction effects though some directions …
Attitude Strength And Situational Strength As Moderators Of The Job Satisfaction – Job Performance Relationship, Joseph William Dagosta
Attitude Strength And Situational Strength As Moderators Of The Job Satisfaction – Job Performance Relationship, Joseph William Dagosta
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Workers who are satisfied with their jobs are better performers, but prior research has found a plethora of moderating variables between job satisfaction and job performance (Ostroff, 1992, Schleicher, Watt, & Greguras, 2004; Spector, 1997). Prior research has suggested that job attitude strength can strengthen the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance and that the relationships between personality variables and extra-role job performance are stronger in weak rather than strong workplace situations (Meyer et al., 2014; Shleicher et al., 2015). In the current study, I investigated the interaction between job satisfaction, job attitude strength, and situational strength on job …
Discriminating Targets Among Distractors In A Virtual Shopping Environment With Different Rack Orientations: Testing A Model Of Visibility, Tyler Sinclair Whitlock
Discriminating Targets Among Distractors In A Virtual Shopping Environment With Different Rack Orientations: Testing A Model Of Visibility, Tyler Sinclair Whitlock
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Objective: This study measured observers’ abilities to identify letter targets distributed among number distractors in a virtual shopping environment. Head-turning behavior was also continuously recorded throughout each trial. The data were then used to test whether a model’s prediction for the duration of visibility needed for target detection in a virtual shopping environment (Parikh & Mowrey, 2014) generalize to the more realistic shopping task of identifying a target on a shelf. Currently, the model predicts the visibility of the locations of targets in traditional racks oriented 90° to the aisle (perpendicular) as well as racks oriented at 30°, 45, 135°, …
Induction And Transferral Of Flow In The Game Tetris, Kevin John O'Neill
Induction And Transferral Of Flow In The Game Tetris, Kevin John O'Neill
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We looked at the facilitation and transfer of a flow state in a cognitive context. Subjects played a manipulated version of the game Tetris, and we gathered data on their gameplay performance on pre- and post-tasks, as well as a set of questionnaires which measure flow and perceived task effort. The altered version of Tetris includes an artificial intelligence agent that continually assesses the participant’s skill and adapts the challenge level of the game to match the participant’s skill. An adaptive condition characterized by challenge-skill balance was hypothesized to induce flow, reduce perception of effort, and improve performance. We found …
Trust Discounting In The Multi-Arm Trust Game, Michael Collins
Trust Discounting In The Multi-Arm Trust Game, Michael Collins
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Social interactions are complex and constantly changing decision making environments. Prior research (Mayer, Davis, & Schoorman, 1995) has found that people use their trust in others as a criterion for decision making during social interactions. Trust is not only relevant for human-human interaction, but has also been found to be important for human-machine interaction as well, which is becoming a growing feature in many work domains (De Visser et al., 2016). Prior research on trust has attempted to identify the behavioral characteristics an individual (trustor) uses to assess the trustworthiness of another (trustee) to determine the trustor's level of trust. …