Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Aging (2)
- Memory (2)
- Bias (1)
- Brain structure (1)
- Cardiac (1)
-
- Choice (1)
- Default network (1)
- Delay (1)
- Depression (1)
- Discounting (1)
- End-of-Life (1)
- FMRI (1)
- Hearing (1)
- Heart disease (1)
- Humans (1)
- Hyperboloid (1)
- Illness perceptions (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- MRI (1)
- Neuroimaging (1)
- Palliative Care (1)
- Personality (1)
- Probability (1)
- Self-knowledge (1)
- Service Utilization (1)
Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Role Of Loneliness And Life Events: Comparing Avoidant And Borderline Personality Features And Their Relation To Depression, Janine Galione
The Role Of Loneliness And Life Events: Comparing Avoidant And Borderline Personality Features And Their Relation To Depression, Janine Galione
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Personality disorders are theoretically and empirically linked to experiencing high negative affect, such as depression, and individuals with features from some personality disorders, such as borderline: BDL) and avoidant: AVD), are hyper-responsive to rejection. Loneliness has also been established as a vulnerability to the onset of depressive episodes and as an outcome to rejection sensitivity, however the relationship between personality pathology and loneliness is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare whether AVD and BDL features might be differentially associated with depression scores by analyzing the interaction with life events and loneliness. We studied a representative, community-based …
Separating Component Signals Of Episodic Simulation Using A Catch Trial Design, Adrian W. Gilmore
Separating Component Signals Of Episodic Simulation Using A Catch Trial Design, Adrian W. Gilmore
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Tasks that require mentally simulating events, such as remembering events from one’s past and imagining events from one’s future, have been shown to involve a highly overlapping set of brain regions. Across a growing number of studies, relatively few regions have been found that show differences in activity between remembered and imagined events. However, studies have not disambiguated neural activity related to task orientation: i.e., preparing to remember events from the past or imagine events in the future) from activity related simulating events, per se. The current experiment uses functional MRI and employs a catch trial design to test the …
Brain Structure In Older Adult Siblings, Nathaniel Lucena
Brain Structure In Older Adult Siblings, Nathaniel Lucena
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Considerable variability exists in patterns of brain aging within and across individuals. Quantifying familial contributions to brain structure in late life may help us understand this variability. We estimated heritability of gray and white matter volumes and cortical thickness in a sample of older adult full siblings: 2-4 individuals per pedigree; N = 75). Estimation of heritability was based on computation of intraclass correlations. Heritability estimates were higher for total cortical thickness compared to volumes. There was no evidence of overall laterality in heritability estimates, or differences between primary sensory and association regions. There was a tendency for lower estimates …
Effects Of Ownership Intuitions On Allocations In The Dictator Game, John Christner
Effects Of Ownership Intuitions On Allocations In The Dictator Game, John Christner
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
People’s implicit assumptions about ownership might influence their decisions in Dictator Games: DG), leading to generosity. Two studies tested subjects’ intuitions concerning ownership in fictional situations structurally analogous to the DG. Subjects read a story about a ritual in which an old man: experimenter in DG) provided an endowment that Person 1: dictator in DG) had to allocate between self and Person 2: receiver in DG). Subjects were told that in some instances the ritual was interrupted before completion. As an assay of their intuitions regarding ownership, subjects were asked who owned the endowment and how it should be allocated …
Exploring An Interactive Measure For Preferences In Early Childhood, Narges Afshordi
Exploring An Interactive Measure For Preferences In Early Childhood, Narges Afshordi
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Three experiments: total N=53) examined whether toddlers show preferences for people and objects in an interactive, touch-screen paradigm. In all experiments, children watched videos of stimuli pairs displayed on two monitors in each trial, and were then given the chance to watch another video of one of the stimuli items by touching the screen on which it had appeared. Experiments 1 and 2 exposed children to interesting vs. boring objects, and engaging vs. boring speakers. Experiment 3 examined children’s responses when presented with one actor who spoke English: native language speaker) compared to another actor who spoke in a foreign …
Knowing More Than We Can Tell: People Are Aware Of Their Biased Self-Perceptions, Kathryn Leigh Bollich
Knowing More Than We Can Tell: People Are Aware Of Their Biased Self-Perceptions, Kathryn Leigh Bollich
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
There is no question that biases exist in people’s self-perceptions of their personality. However, it is not known whether people are aware of these self-biases. In two studies: N = 130), I examined whether people have insight into their positive and negative self-biases across a range of traits. I predicted that self-biases result from self-deception: i.e., the intentional distortion of more realistic self-views), and as such, people should have some awareness of their self-biases. As predicted, people with positive biases: i.e., self-perceptions that are more positive than a reputation-based criterion measure) described themselves as positively biased, and people with overly …
Sensory And Cognitive Declines In Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study, Melanie Storm Bauer
Sensory And Cognitive Declines In Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study, Melanie Storm Bauer
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
In a recent cross-sectional study, as has been found in numerous previous studies, Sommers et al.: 2011) found that age-related declines in hearing, as assessed by pure-tone thresholds, begin around age 20 and continue across the lifespan. In another article published from the same cross-sectional dataset, Hale et al.: 2011) found that working memory ability also begins declining around age 20 and continues throughout life. The present study is a longitudinal follow-up of these two studies in which a sub-sample of older adults: ≥65 years old at the time of original testing approximately four years ago) were re-tested on sensory …
Discounting Of Hypothetical Monetary Outcomes That Are Both Delayed And Probabilistic, Ariana Mae Vanderveldt
Discounting Of Hypothetical Monetary Outcomes That Are Both Delayed And Probabilistic, Ariana Mae Vanderveldt
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
The value of an outcome is affected both by the delay until its receipt: delay discounting) and by the likelihood of its receipt: probability discounting). Despite being well described by the same hyperboloid function, delay and probability discounting involve fundamentally different processes, as represented by the opposite effect amount has on the degree to which delayed and probabilistic rewards are discounted. Most of the previous research has studied the discounting of delayed and of probabilistic rewards separately, with little research examining more complex situations in which the rewards are both delayed and probabilistic. In the present experiment, participants made choices …
Patient Perceptions Of Comorbid Depression In Heart Disease, Rebecca Lynn Reese Akcakaya
Patient Perceptions Of Comorbid Depression In Heart Disease, Rebecca Lynn Reese Akcakaya
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Depression is a risk factor for the development of heart disease, as well as for poor prognosis among patients with existing disease. However, clinical trials of treatment of depression in patients with heart disease have not resulted in improved cardiac outcomes, and have demonstrated modest effects on depression. The nature of depression in heart patients must be better understood in order to improve treatment and health outcomes. In samples of patients with medical illness as well as in patients with depression, illness perceptions have been useful in predicting both treatment outcomes and self-management behaviors such as coping and adherence. This …
Palliative Care Consultation Trajectories, Elissa Kozlov
Palliative Care Consultation Trajectories, Elissa Kozlov
All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
In 2008, the Veterans Association: VA) mandated that all VA hospitals have a palliative care consult team: PCCT) to provide services to veterans with life-limiting illness. PCCTs within the VA are new, so little is known about their efficacy and utilization. The purpose of this study is to examine the timing of PCCT consultations and responses; document and categorize types and rates recommendations; determine rates at which recommendations are implemented; and identify factors related to if recommendations are made and implemented. This electronic medical records review study examined 200 initial palliative care consultations conducted in one VA hospital between January …