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Articles 1 - 30 of 35
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The Heart And Mind At Work: The Effects Of Implicit And Explicit Reasoning On Performance Appraisal, Scott Ryan
The Heart And Mind At Work: The Effects Of Implicit And Explicit Reasoning On Performance Appraisal, Scott Ryan
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Embodiment On Perceptual And Affective Responses To Infant Crying, Jennifer B. Bisson
Effects Of Embodiment On Perceptual And Affective Responses To Infant Crying, Jennifer B. Bisson
Master's Theses
Three experiments were conducted to investigate how changes in bodily states might be related to perceptions of infant vocalizations. In Study 1, participants were asked to hold a pencil between their lips, mimicking a smile, while listening to infant crying. Although there were no embodied effects for perceptual ratings, results indicated that this manipulation decreased participants’ self-reported, negative affect. In Study 2, participants were played both infant crying and birdsong while exposed to similar embodied manipulations, including activation of muscles related to approach and withdrawal behavior. There were no embodied effects for ratings of crying or for affect. Comparing Study …
Effects Of Delayed Auditory Feedback On Young Infants’ Crying, Sarah M. Sanborn
Effects Of Delayed Auditory Feedback On Young Infants’ Crying, Sarah M. Sanborn
Master's Theses
Neural control of newborn crying has typically been considered to originate primarily in the lower brain centers, although support for this assumption is limited. To address this, the present study manipulated newborn infants’ perceptual experience during a cry bout through use of delayed auditory feedback (DAF). Atypical cry productions during DAF would suggest that newborn crying is under higher levels of cortical control than previously assumed. Infants’ spontaneous crying was recorded for 2 minutes at 4 weeks of age (n=16) and again at 8 weeks of age (n=17) using an ABA design, alternating synchronous feedback with DAF. Standard repeated-measures 2 …
Examining Relationship Interactions Of Adult Children Of Alcoholics, Diana I. Loera
Examining Relationship Interactions Of Adult Children Of Alcoholics, Diana I. Loera
Master's Theses
The following study explores the factors associated with security of romantic attachment in Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs). ACOAs are more vulnerable to inconsistent parenting and consequently are more likely to develop negative internal models of self, a stable construct that affects romantic attachments (Bowlby, 1982; Ainsworth et al, 1989; Bartholomew, 1990). This study examined associations between parent, and peer relationships as possible resiliencies. It was hypothesized that ACOAs will report less secure attachments with their parents (as measured by the IPPA), less romantic attachment anxiety and avoidance (as measured by the ECR-R), and no significant difference in peer attachment …
Mindfulness And Test Anxiety In College Students, Jamey Brannon
Mindfulness And Test Anxiety In College Students, Jamey Brannon
Master's Theses
This study is designed to look at the relationship between test anxiety and mindfulness. This study consists of three surveys designed to look at different aspects of mindfulness and test anxiety. The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) is designed to determine to what degree a student has test anxiety. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is designed to measure an individual’s level of mindfulness in five different facets. The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) is designed to measure how much individuals suppress their thoughts. A Pearson Correlation was used to look for significant relationships between the TAI, the FFMQ, and the …
The Relation Between Sensation Seeking And Life Satisfaction, Stephanie Stegman
The Relation Between Sensation Seeking And Life Satisfaction, Stephanie Stegman
Master's Theses
The present study examined the relation between sensation seeking and life satisfaction. Participants completed four online surveys. One survey included a number of questions designed to measure personal sensation seeking level (Sensation Seeking Scale Form V). Another asked questions regarding life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale). A third survey included questions regarding one’s feelings about one’s self (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). The final survey asked questions regarding perceived stress level (Perceived Stress Scale). Results indicated that higher levels of Disinhibition and Boredom Susceptibility were associated with lower levels of life satisfaction. Results also demonstrated that higher levels of Boredom Susceptibility were …
The Other Race Effect : The Role Of Experience And Social Attiudes On Face Recognition, Emily Wheat
The Other Race Effect : The Role Of Experience And Social Attiudes On Face Recognition, Emily Wheat
Master's Theses
The ORE is phenomenon whereby recognition for own race faces is better than recognition of other race faces. This study examines how non-perceptual factors—social context, attitudes, and experience—impact the ORE. Participants from three different racial groups (Caucasian, Black, Asian) completed a face recognition task screening faces for status-specific targets (baseline, perpetrator, victim), self-report measures of explicit bias and experience with members from other races and a measure of implicit bias. Results indicated that non-perceptual factors impact the ORE. Specifically, Caucasian participants revealed a reduced ORE for other race perpetrators in comparison to victims. Black participants revealed a reduced ORE for …
Shared Features And Similarity : Implications For Category Specificity And Normal Recognition, Daniel Kinka
Shared Features And Similarity : Implications For Category Specificity And Normal Recognition, Daniel Kinka
Master's Theses
Patients with category-specific visual agnosia (CSVA) often exhibit a disproportionate difficulty recognizing objects from biological categories due (in part) to the fact that exemplars from biological categories tend to be visually and conceptually more similar. Similarity is often conceived of as a pairwise property (i.e., in terms of distance in a psychological space matrix), but may be more accurately conceived of as a setwise property (i.e., in terms of shared features). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of shared features on similarity in normal observers, while controlling for distance in structural space. Behavioral and electrophysiological results …
Do We Know What We Know? Self- Assessment Across The Lifespan, Courtney Clare Lee
Do We Know What We Know? Self- Assessment Across The Lifespan, Courtney Clare Lee
Master's Theses
Self-knowledge can play a critical role in navigating physical, cognitive, and social changes in late life. To protect and preserve one's sense of self against these changes, individuals may engage in self-enhancing and self-serving biases in areas important to self-esteem. The importance attached to these areas may change with age, and self-knowledge of these psychological processes may vary with age. We investigated self-enhancing biases and metacognitive awareness of abilities in adulthood. Participants ranging in age from 20 to 80 completed a series of tests assessing the better than average effect across a variety of age-relevant domains as well as objective …
The Additive Effects Of Components Of An Intervention Package Targeting Compliance In Children With Hearing Impairments In A Classroom Setting, Laura Lynne Needelman
The Additive Effects Of Components Of An Intervention Package Targeting Compliance In Children With Hearing Impairments In A Classroom Setting, Laura Lynne Needelman
Master's Theses
The present study investigated the sequential introduction of a compliance training package based on the Compliance Training for Children (CTC) Model developed in the School Psychology Program at The University of Southern Mississippi. Participants were three deaf students in the classroom setting who were referred by their teachers for exhibiting noncompliance. The teachers in this study were also deaf. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants design was used to assess the effectiveness of Effective Instruction Delivery (EID), EID with contingent praise for compliance, and EID with contingent praise for compliance and time-out contingent on noncompliance. One participant reached 100% compliance …
Examining Locus Of Control And Attributional Style As Contributing Factors In The Narcissism-Aggression Relation, Marion Tam'eca Wallace
Examining Locus Of Control And Attributional Style As Contributing Factors In The Narcissism-Aggression Relation, Marion Tam'eca Wallace
Master's Theses
Previous research has shown a consistent relation between narcissism and aggression in adults (Bushman & Baumeister, 1998; Stucke, 2003). Although relatively few studies have examined this relation in adolescents, narcissism has previously been correlated with behavioral problems (Washburn, McMahon, King, Reinecke, & Silver, 2004) and aggression (Barry, Grafeman, Adler, & Pickard, 2007; Thomaes, Bushman, Stegge, & Olthof, 2008) in youth. The current study examined attributional style (i.e., intemality vs. extemality) and locus of control as contributing variables in the narcissism-aggression relation in adolescents. The current study consisted of 148 male and 26 female at-risk adolescents (M = 16.04 years, SD= …
Foreign Language Acquisition, Motivation And Creativity, Xixi Du
Foreign Language Acquisition, Motivation And Creativity, Xixi Du
Master's Theses
Previous research has suggested that advanced Second Language (L2) learners are more intrinsically motivated than beginning L2 learners (e.g., Rivers, 1996), and that Third Language (L3) learners are more intrinsically motivated than L2 learners (Schütz, 2007). However, Chomsky (1975) believes that children have to be creative to learn their first language, and others (e.g., Fraser, 2007; Heath & Wolf, 2005) believe that children are creative even when learning a second language. In this research, 67 L2 learners and 38 L3 learners were recruited. They completed a survey including a language achievement scale, an intrinsic motivation scale, and a creativity scale. …
Use Of The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test - Second Edition As An Embedded Measure Of Malingering In A College Population, Jamie Lee Babutzke
Use Of The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test - Second Edition As An Embedded Measure Of Malingering In A College Population, Jamie Lee Babutzke
Master's Theses
In today’s economic decline, there is a growing pressure for the reform of healthcare. Clinicians need to treat only those individuals who have true symptoms and problems. Individuals who exaggerate or feigning cognitive impairments are straining an already over-burdened healthcare system (Haines & Norris, 2001). A collaborative approach in which a clinician gathers information from an interview, behavior observations, collateral information, and assessments is recommended to detect if an individual is attempting to malinger. Assessments are especially important if a clinician should be called to court. Over two-thirds of neuropsychologists use at least one specialized technique for detecting malingering (Slick, …
Does Health Anxiety Moderate The Effects Of Mortality Salience On Worldview Defense?, Toni Brooke Merkey
Does Health Anxiety Moderate The Effects Of Mortality Salience On Worldview Defense?, Toni Brooke Merkey
Master's Theses
Research generated from Terror Management Theory has demonstrated that reminding participants of their eventual death increases self-esteem striving and worldview defense (Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, Arndt, & Schimel, 2004). The hypothesis in the present study was that health anxiety would moderate this effect, based on the premise that health-anxious individuals are chronically more aware of their own mortality. To test this hypothesis, the Illness _and Attitudes Scale (IAS) was administered to 65 undergraduates to determine level of health anxiety. Participants were then randomly assigned to a mortality salience or control condition. Level of worldview defense was measured by participants' reactions to …
Site Fidelity And Association Patterns Of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus In The Mississippi Sound, Angela D. Mackey
Site Fidelity And Association Patterns Of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus In The Mississippi Sound, Angela D. Mackey
Master's Theses
The current study examined the site fidelity and association patterns of a community of 678 wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Mississippi Sound (Sound) over a three-year period (May 2004 - April 2007). Using photoidentification techniques, 74% (n = 498) of the identified dolphins were classified as transients, while 10% (n = 71) were classified as year-round residents, and 16% (n = 109) were classified as seasonal residents based on their sighting histories. Thirty-nine "select" dolphins (n = 17 seasonal residents, n = 22 yearround residents) that were sighted five or more times over the study period were used …
An Investigation Of The Classroom Component Of Positive Behavior Intervention And Support System On Appropriately Engaged Behavior, Kathryn Marie Menousek
An Investigation Of The Classroom Component Of Positive Behavior Intervention And Support System On Appropriately Engaged Behavior, Kathryn Marie Menousek
Master's Theses
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the withinclass component of positive behavior support in the form of ticket presentation with verbal praise in the classroom in increasing appropriately engaged behavior. A multiple baseline comparison across three classrooms was utilized to assess and compare each classroom's mean percentage of observed intervals of appropriately engaged behavior across intervention phases (baseline, direct teaching and review of PBIS classroom expectations and rules, direct teaching and review of PBIS classroom expectations and rules with ticket presentation and verbal praise, direct teaching and review of PBIS classroom expectations and rules …
An Examination Of Aggressive Behavior In Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Aduncus), Lauren Elizabeth Miller
An Examination Of Aggressive Behavior In Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Aduncus), Lauren Elizabeth Miller
Master's Theses
Agonistic behavior is often observed in animal groups in which individuals have long-term relationships. Although bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) are known to behave aggressively, relatively little is known about such behavior among wild animals. Much of the data on delphiilid aggression comes from captive studies, and is likely biased by the limited space available to the animals. In this study, video data collected from 1997 to 2007 were analyzed to examine aggressive behaviors in a wild population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off the coast ofMikura Island, Japan. The purpose of the study was to determine if age class, …
Variation In Social Behavior Throughout The Estrous Cycle Of A Captive Killer Whale Orcinus Orca, Kristina Marie Horback
Variation In Social Behavior Throughout The Estrous Cycle Of A Captive Killer Whale Orcinus Orca, Kristina Marie Horback
Master's Theses
The study of cetaceans in captivity provides information on behavior, acoustics, reproduction and physiology that is often difficult to obtain with free-ranging populations. The present study examined the influence of the estrous cycle of a captive female killer whale on the rate, duration, initiation and reception of social behavior she performed with her only pool mate, a male Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. Although these two delphinid species do not commonly associate in the wild, these pool mates often engaged in affiliative tactile and social behaviors. The objectives of this project were to: (a) examine the influence of cycli~ gonadal steroid hormones …
The Effectivness Of Brief Experimental Analysis In Identifying Reading Fluency Interventions When Conducted By Parents, Qi Zhou
Master's Theses
This study examined 1) if the parents were able to conduct a brief experimental analysis (BEA) for identifying the most effective reading fluency intervention for their child; 2) if the brief experimental analysis was effective when conducted by trained parents. Three elementary students with reading difficulties and their parents participated. The parents were trained by the experimenter. After reach the mastery of the BEA procedure, the parents conducted it with their children. The reading interventions that were evaluated with each child were listening passage preview, repeated reading, listening passage preview plus repeated reading, listening passage preview plus repeated reading plus …
Predictors Of Mental Health Outcomes Among Foster Care Children Receiving Community-Based Services, Alison Merri Dunleavy
Predictors Of Mental Health Outcomes Among Foster Care Children Receiving Community-Based Services, Alison Merri Dunleavy
Master's Theses
Historically, children served in the foster care system experience less favorable mental health outcomes compared to those in the general population (Anctil, McCubbin, & Pecora, 2006; Burns et al., 2004; Garland et al., 2001; Zima, Bussing, Yang, & Berlin, 2000). As a result, the child welfare system has been described as a "de facto public behavioral health care system" (Lyons & Rogers, 2004), prompting state child welfare agencies to seek to put systems and policies in place to serve the needs of these youth, such as Illinios' statewide community-based program, System of Care (SOC), designed to provide multi-modal services to …
Hippocampal And Anterior Cingulate Cortex Volumes In Amnestic And Non-Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Elizabeth R. Tuminello
Hippocampal And Anterior Cingulate Cortex Volumes In Amnestic And Non-Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Elizabeth R. Tuminello
Master's Theses
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a syndrome thought to fall between cognitively normal aging and dementia. Although much research has investigated the structural neuroimaging correlates of amnestic MCI, little research has been done on the imaging correlates of non-amnestic MCI. Even less research has examined the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a region important in executive functions (EFs), in these patients. This study attempted to address this gap by examining hippocampal and ACC volumes among amnestic and non-amnestic MCI patients and cognitively normal controls. Those with amnestic MCI were expected to have smaller hippocampal volumes than controls and those with non-amnestic …
Creating A Balance In Sentencing Offenders: A Step Towards Restorative Justice, Lindsay Nichols
Creating A Balance In Sentencing Offenders: A Step Towards Restorative Justice, Lindsay Nichols
Master's Theses
Public sentencing preferences often determine the sentencing statutes created by legislators. Extracting public opinion is typically done through mass public opinion polls; however, research has found that these polls often produce misleading findings. In order to accurately dissect the various layers of laypersons' sentencing choices, a victim impact statement (VIS) and a statement of offender remorse were manipulated within a crime scenario depicting moderately severe crimes. A total of 215 participants were randomly assigned to one of the 16 conditions in this 2 (crime type: residential burglary or unarmed robbery) x 2 (VIS: absence or presence) x 2 (offender remorse …
Public Responsiveness To Victim's Recommendations In Their Sentencing Decisions: Role Of Victim's Race, Victim Impact Statement And Judge's Instructions, Mary Elizabeth Talbot
Public Responsiveness To Victim's Recommendations In Their Sentencing Decisions: Role Of Victim's Race, Victim Impact Statement And Judge's Instructions, Mary Elizabeth Talbot
Master's Theses
A total of 191 participants completed the 2 (Race of victim: African American, Caucasian) x 2 (Content of Victim Impact Statement (VIS): Sentence Recommendation Only, Both Sentence Recommendation and Harm Statement) x 2 (Jury Guidelines for VIS: No guidance, Explicit instructions to weigh the harm statement with other aggravating and mitigating factors) between subjects factorial design study. The study assessed the relationship between the victim's race (African-American or Caucasian), the content of victim impact statements, and the judge's guidelines/instructions for interpreting/using the Victim Impact Statement (VIS) in the sentencing phase of a defendant's trial for burglary and aggravated battery. The …
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Clusters And Externalizing Problems In Young Urban African American Adolescents, Maria Ann Horn-Rollins
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Clusters And Externalizing Problems In Young Urban African American Adolescents, Maria Ann Horn-Rollins
Master's Theses
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between five posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) clusters and two forms of externalizing problems within and across the middle school years in a low income urban sample of young adolescent African Americans. A secondary aim of this study was to explore moderation effects by gender. Total PTSS positively predicted a little over 58% of the cross-sectional externalizing outcomes and uniquely explained between 5 and 12% of the variance in these outcomes over and above gender and exposure to violence. Total PTSS significantly and positively predicted one-third of the longitudinal outcomes and …
The Mirror Is Not You: Objectification And Eating Disordered Behaviors In Classical And Contemporary Dancers, David Matthew Doyle
The Mirror Is Not You: Objectification And Eating Disordered Behaviors In Classical And Contemporary Dancers, David Matthew Doyle
Master's Theses
The current study extended the tenets of objectification theory to a population considered to be at risk for poor body image--professional dancers. Furthermore, differences in self-objectification and its sequelae due to participation in classical versus contemporary dance companies, styles with differential exposure to objectifying cues, were explored. Forty professional dancers and thirty-nine non-dancers completed measures of objectification and its sequelae. Differences in levels of self-objectification did not fit the predicted pattern, with dancers evidencing lower levels than non-dancers; however body shame levels were elevated among dancers. The proposed model of objectification fit both groups, with body shame mediating the relationship …
Investigation Of The Effects Of Team Coaching, Performance Feedback, And Collective Efficacy On Small Group Performance, Rachael Nichole Martinez
Investigation Of The Effects Of Team Coaching, Performance Feedback, And Collective Efficacy On Small Group Performance, Rachael Nichole Martinez
Master's Theses
Research has demonstrated that there are a variety of factors that influence group performance such as team coaching, feedback, and collective efficacy. A study was conducted to determine whether consultative team coaching improves performance and at what point--beginning or middle--it is most beneficial to the team. One hundred eleven dyads, comprised of 222 students, participated in this study. The dyads performed a task twice in which they were given team coaching before the first attempt, after the first attempt, or not at all. In addition, feedback was manipulated such that teams received positive or negative feedback after their first attempt …
The Stigmatization Of Mental Illness And Drug Addiction Among The Criminally Involved, Brenda Arsenault
The Stigmatization Of Mental Illness And Drug Addiction Among The Criminally Involved, Brenda Arsenault
Master's Theses
This study examined the perceived stigma of mental illness compared to drug addiction among a sample of criminally involved persons who receive probation services through the Cook County Adult Probation Department. The first section of the study surveyed current probation clients using a modification of the PSAS scale by Luoma, Rye, Kohlenberg, Hayes, Fletcher & Pratte (2010), and assessed levels of stigma consciousness with a modified version of the SCQ (Pinel, 1999). Three groups of participants were surveyed for their perceptions of stigma and stigma consciousness. The first group consisted of drug probation case management clients with no known mental …
Effects Of Discrete Positive Emotions On Attitude Change, Jennifer Lee Smith
Effects Of Discrete Positive Emotions On Attitude Change, Jennifer Lee Smith
Master's Theses
This study examines the influence of discrete incidental positive emotions (joy and contentment) on participants' attitudes and cognitive responses. Prior persuasion research has focused almost exclusively on negative emotions or comparisons between positive and negative moods. A 2 (argument strength: weak or strong) x 3 (emotional state: joy, contentment, or neutral) between-participants factorial design was used in this study. Participants (N = 460) were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions. Analyses revealed consistent argument strength effects on attitudes and cognitive responses. Compared to the joy and neutral conditions, participants in the contentment condition tended to generate fewer positive …
Youth In Substitute Care Presenting With Sexual Behavior Problems, Christopher Zaddach
Youth In Substitute Care Presenting With Sexual Behavior Problems, Christopher Zaddach
Master's Theses
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the traumatic history of youths in the foster care system presenting with sexual behavior problems. Moreover, co-occurring trauma symptoms will be investigated as possibly contributing to the severity of sexual behavior problems in this population. The present study has four primary goals: (1) This study will focus on identifying traumatic experiences that are associated with sexual behavior problems in children and adolescents in the child welfare system; (2) Co- occuring levels of trauma symptoms including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) and sexual concerns (SC; Briere, 1996) will be tested as possible moderators …
Why Does This Always Happen To Us? An Examination Of Co-Rumination In The Same Sex Friendships Of Emerging Adults, Teresa Michelle Preddy
Why Does This Always Happen To Us? An Examination Of Co-Rumination In The Same Sex Friendships Of Emerging Adults, Teresa Michelle Preddy
Master's Theses
Co-rumination, which has been defined as a passive, repetitive form of problem discussion, has been linked to both benefits in terms of positive friendship quality and maladaptive outcomes such as internalizing distress. This study explored the trade-offs associated with co-rumination in emerging adult same-sex friendships both concurrently and longitudinally through the use of self-report questionnaires. Co-rumination was associated with concurrent positive friendship quality. Additionally, co-rumination partially mediated the link between gender and positive friendship quality, and was a marginal predictor of increases in positive friendship quality over time. Although co-rumination was associated with depression, co-rumination did not predict depressive symptoms …