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Executive Functions And Word Reading Fluency: A Brief Intervention With Economically Disadvantaged Secondary Students, Vanessa Kim
Executive Functions And Word Reading Fluency: A Brief Intervention With Economically Disadvantaged Secondary Students, Vanessa Kim
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
This study evaluated the use of a brief intervention that was designed to assist economically disadvantaged secondary students increase their capacity for attention to orthography and increase their ability to shift between rapid sight word recognition and decoding of unknown words in order to improve their word reading accuracy and fluency. The participants (N = 14) were eighth and ninth grade students enrolled in an urban public high school and receiving special education services. The study used analysis of variance for repeated measures and paired measures t-tests to analyze pre- and post-test data. The results indicated significant findings (p < 0.5) in the students’ improvements in their sight word reading fluency and their ability to inhibit impulses and shift cognitive sets with accuracy and speed following the 8-week reading intervention. The findings suggest that exposure to repeated word fluency drills that target attention to orthography and shifting from sight word recognition to decoding may have influenced the students’ self-monitoring skills and offer further support regarding the hypothesized role of executive functions in the act of reading.
Exploring The Predictive Values Of Self-Evaluations And Cognitive Distortions In Relation To Childhood Anxiety Among Hispanic/Latino Youth, Cristina J. Sperrazza
Exploring The Predictive Values Of Self-Evaluations And Cognitive Distortions In Relation To Childhood Anxiety Among Hispanic/Latino Youth, Cristina J. Sperrazza
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-evaluation and cognitive distortions are predictors of anxiety in Hispanic/Latino youth. Hispanic/Latino elementary- and middle-school students (n = 84) from Grades 4 through 8 (42.9% female; average age = 11.80 years) attending a bilingual inner-city public charter school completed self-reports of anxiety, self-evaluation, and cognitive distortions in their school setting. The selected measure of cognitive distortions, Inventory of Cognitive Distortions (Yurica & DiTomasso, 2005), was revised and factor analyzed for the current child sample. Findings demonstrated that, while taking grade and gender into account, different domains of self-evaluation and cognitive distortions …
Self-Compassion, Body Image Dissatisfaction, And Negative Social Comparisons In Adolescents Utilizing Social Networking Sites, Brian Moran
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
This quantitative survey study implemented a cross-sectional, correlational design. The present study explored the relationship between self-compassion, body image, and negative social comparisons in a sample consisting of adolescents who use social networking sites. Despite noteworthy limitations, this study elucidates the benefits associated with higher levels of self-compassion in adolescence. In line with previous studies, adolescents reported frequent use of social networking sites, primarily facilitated by smartphones. Although the constant accessibility of social networking sites via smartphones has been associated with negative outcomes, an important finding in this study was the lack of significant relationship between overall time spent on …
The Relationship Between Campus Climate, Perceived Stigma, Perceived Social Support, And Students’ Decisions To Disclose Their Mental-Health Problems On Campus, Erin M. Potts
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to determine the relationship between the overall campus climate with regard to mental-health problems, students’ perceptions of stigma, students’ perceived social support, and their decisions to disclose their mental-health problems on their college or university campuses. Data were collected from 223 participants between the ages of 18 and 59 years who identified as being currently enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate program and who had engaged in disclosure and/or concealment in the 6 months prior to the study. The findings of the current study suggest that positive perceptions of campus climate are associated …
Availability For Learning:Effects Of Mindfulness Meditation On Student Cognitive Abilities, Alexander Harne
Availability For Learning:Effects Of Mindfulness Meditation On Student Cognitive Abilities, Alexander Harne
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
No abstract provided.
The Influence Of Patient-Practitioner Orientation On Practitioners’ Self-Perception Of Adhering To A Motivational Interviewing Style Of Communication In Medical Settings, Brian Ashenfelter
The Influence Of Patient-Practitioner Orientation On Practitioners’ Self-Perception Of Adhering To A Motivational Interviewing Style Of Communication In Medical Settings, Brian Ashenfelter
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
As of 2012, approximately 117 million adults have experienced at least one chronic illness (CDC; 2014). Healthy lifestyle choices can reduce the probability of developing particular chronic conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, and specific forms of cancer (CDC; 2014). Individuals with chronic conditions may continue engaging in unhealthy lifestyle choices, despite having knowledge of the adverse ramifications. This includes nicotine use, dieting, and a sedentary lifestyle with limited physical activity. There are various manners in which primary care practitioners can address lifestyle choices with their patients. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patientcentered approach, which is used to facilitate readiness …
Therapist Knowledge, Attitudes Toward, And Experiences With Social Media Use In Treating Adolescent Females, Kristin Hess
Therapist Knowledge, Attitudes Toward, And Experiences With Social Media Use In Treating Adolescent Females, Kristin Hess
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Recent research on social media use suggest that over 90% of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years use the Internet and 73% spend time on social networking sites (Cingel, Lauricella, Wartella, & Conway, 2013). This makes it increasingly important for therapists to be aware of the current social media applications, as well as the risks and benefits that may accompany use. Although there is much literature on the possible benefits and risks to social media use, there is minimal research on how therapists use this information to treat an adolescent population effectively. The present study utilized a cross-sectional web-survey design …
The Effects Of Coping Styles And Perceived Stress On Clinical Outcomes In Individuals With Moderate To Severe Brain Injury In A Post-Acute Rehabilitation Program, Leslie Perez
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The present study investigated the effects of different coping styles used by individuals with moderate to severe brain injury on their clinical outcomes. Specifically, using self-report measures, this study evaluated the use of task-oriented, avoidance, and emotion-oriented coping and how these different styles influenced patients’ perceived stress and depression levels. In addition, task-oriented coping style has previously been deemed as a more adaptive way of dealing with life challenges. Hence, through a retrospective examination of archival records, this study also evaluated patients’ adjustment (i.e., observed mood lability and social contact), participation (i.e., observed ability to initiate tasks, interact with others, …
The Impact Of Treatment Beliefs, Caregiver Participation, And Treatment Adherence On Treatment Outcome In Childhood Mental Illness, Alexandra Gallagher
The Impact Of Treatment Beliefs, Caregiver Participation, And Treatment Adherence On Treatment Outcome In Childhood Mental Illness, Alexandra Gallagher
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
One in five children in the United States is diagnosed with a mental health disorder; however, not all of them receive the appropriate services (NAMI, 2015). When services are accessible, lack of engagement in treatment can contribute to high dropout and to limited treatment success (Staudt, 2007). In literature on adults, one well studied factor that contributes to participation and engagement in treatment is an individual’s treatment beliefs and expectations. In the case of children, however, it is important to consider not only their treatment beliefs and expectations, but also the beliefs and expectations of their primary caregivers, because they …
Differences Between Trauma Experience, Perceived Stress, And Effort Testing In Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures And Epilepsy, Anthony Fatzinger Jr.
Differences Between Trauma Experience, Perceived Stress, And Effort Testing In Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures And Epilepsy, Anthony Fatzinger Jr.
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The present study attempted to identify predictors that would differentiate psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) from epilepsy, examine individual strength of predictors, and, in a separate analysis, examine the relationship between perceived stress and effort testing. A common experience that differentiates PNES patients from epilepsy patients is a traumatic experience, specifically childhood sexual abuse. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale has never been used to see if it differentiates PNES and epilepsy samples, despite its focus on abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. The ACE was combined with other previously researched predictors. Results of the logistical regression were insignificant and the model …
Therapists' Attitudes To Using Spiritual And Religious Interventions With Orthodox Jewish Clients, Schmuel Brachfeld
Therapists' Attitudes To Using Spiritual And Religious Interventions With Orthodox Jewish Clients, Schmuel Brachfeld
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Literature on Orthodox Jews and their needs in therapy is limited. However, research on approaching therapy with highly religious, or spiritual clients, shows that addressing R/S in therapy is highly recommended. Studies have shown that although acknowledging the importance of addressing R/S is important, therapists may be hesitant to bring it up with clients. Therapists’ attitudes have been shown to have impact not only if R/S is addressed in therapy, but also how and when it is addressed. One of the factors that impacts if therapists address R/S is therapists’ own religious identity and attitudes to R/S in general. This …
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Impairment: A Qualitative Study Of The Caregiving Experience, Michelle Dube
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Frontotemporal Impairment: A Qualitative Study Of The Caregiving Experience, Michelle Dube
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex and difficult experience that necessitates numerous lifestyle changes for the patient and caregiver. Although ALS was previously regarded as a disease that primarily affects the motor system and spares non-motor functions, it is now recognized that a sizable proportion of the ALS population demonstrates frontotemporal impairment (ALS+FTI), with a subset of the population meeting criteria for frontotemporal dementia. Clinically, ALS and FTI differ in many respects; however, both diseases are progressive and necessitate dependence on caregivers for assistance with activities of daily living and beyond. Although the relationship between ALS and …
The Role And Implications Of Executive Functions On Learning And Performing Math In High School Algebra I Students, Heather Lynn Rickmers Tacovsky
The Role And Implications Of Executive Functions On Learning And Performing Math In High School Algebra I Students, Heather Lynn Rickmers Tacovsky
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Current research is largely lacking in the areas of math, math learning deficits, and math-specific interventions. Even less available is research and interventions specific to high school learners. Some research addresses these areas with a specific focus on executive functions and how they may relate to student learning and performance. The present study sought to determine the relationship between three specific executive functions, Shift, Inhibit, and Working Memory, on learning and performance in math. Other executive functions, as measured by BRIEF rating scales and including Planning and Organization, Initiate, and Monitor, were also reviewed. Results of the present study found …
An Analysis Of The Self-Disclosure Practices Of School-Based Mental Health Practitioners, Kristen Rudiger
An Analysis Of The Self-Disclosure Practices Of School-Based Mental Health Practitioners, Kristen Rudiger
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The study presented in this document examined school-based mental health practitioners’ views regarding the use of self-disclosure (the sharing of personal information or thoughts with their clients) in their current practice. This study also collected school-based mental health practitioners’ opinions concerning their graduate-level training and other preparation related to the use of self-disclosure. Research questions investigated whether school-based mental health practitioners engaged in self-disclosure, whether participants viewed self-disclosure to be ethical, and if participants had utilized self-disclosure, did they believe their graduate-level training adequately prepared them to do so. Sixty-five school-based mental health practitioners, self-identifying as school psychologists, school counselors, …
Recovery Knowledge And Recovery-Oriented Clinical Decision-Making Among Mental Health Professionals Working With Clients With Serious Mental Illnesses, Kendrick Peer Mugnier
Recovery Knowledge And Recovery-Oriented Clinical Decision-Making Among Mental Health Professionals Working With Clients With Serious Mental Illnesses, Kendrick Peer Mugnier
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Recovery principles have become increasingly present in research literature and in reforms of healthcare systems in the last four decades. These principles grew out of client advocacy and research that emphasized a need for increased client autonomy, respect, holistic and individualized care, empowerment, personal responsibility, community integration, and peer support. Recovery principles are particularly important for mental health practitioners who work with individuals with serious mental illnesses. The present study used the Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI) to assess knowledge and attitudes of recovery principles and determine whether that is associated with the degree of recovery-oriented clinical practices that mental health …
Stigmatizing Beliefs And Attitudes Held By Students Toward Borderline Personality Disorder: Recovery Knowledge As A Moderator, Danyelle Salpietro
Stigmatizing Beliefs And Attitudes Held By Students Toward Borderline Personality Disorder: Recovery Knowledge As A Moderator, Danyelle Salpietro
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether recovery knowledge in psychology doctoral students reduced stigma toward individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Participants of this study consisted of 287 psychology doctoral students who differed in theoretical orientation, program type, clinical experience, and program year. More specifically, this study examined differences between different levels of recovery knowledge (low, medium, high) and different diagnoses (major depressive disorder [MDD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], BPD) on expressed stigma. Each student completed the Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI), read a vignette describing either BPD, depression, or anxiety, completed the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) based on …
Assessing Outcomes: Evaluation Of A Social Competency Program For Children And Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jessie L. Kessler
Assessing Outcomes: Evaluation Of A Social Competency Program For Children And Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jessie L. Kessler
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The current study examines the effectiveness of a Social Competency Program, implemented by a local agency specializing in autism diagnosis and treatment, with regard to the development of social skills among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. This study, conducted using archival data from a local community agency, used a within-subjects, repeated measures research design to determine if the Social Competency Program enhanced the overall social performance of enrolled participants, as measured by clinician-completed rating scales. The study also examined the relationship between program effectiveness and variables including age and gender. The results did not support the program’s ability …
The Ability Of The Brain To Adapt To Temporal Lobe Epilepsy In The Context Of Hemispheric Dominance For Language, Kathleen A. Breslin
The Ability Of The Brain To Adapt To Temporal Lobe Epilepsy In The Context Of Hemispheric Dominance For Language, Kathleen A. Breslin
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The potential for the brain to adapt to insult or injury is demonstrated in the preservation of language functions when there is damage to the language areas (Lidzba, Staudt, Wilke, Grodd, & Krageloh-Mann, 2006). Although atypical hemispheric dominance for language is rare in the general population, rates are higher in epilepsy patients (Araujo, Schwarze, & White, 2009; Drane et al., 2012; Lidzba, Staudt, Wilke, Grodd, et al., 2006; Powell, Kemp, & Garcia-Finana, 2012; Spreer et al., 2001). Understanding this relationship and factors affecting atypicality is important for neuropsychologists in making treatment recommendations and for pre-operative planning. This study sought to …
Stress, Coping, And Academic Self-Efficacy In First-Generation College Students, Samantha Fitz-Gerald
Stress, Coping, And Academic Self-Efficacy In First-Generation College Students, Samantha Fitz-Gerald
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
This qualitative research was conducted with first-generation college students who were enrolled in one of two university settings in northeastern Pennsylvania. The purpose of the study was to explore the unique stressors and coping mechanisms first-generation college students experience and how these impact their academic self-efficacy beliefs. A total of 10 participants were interviewed for the study using a demographic questionnaire, self-report stress scale, and semi-structured interview. Grounded theory of analysis provided the theoretical framework for the study, allowing the researcher to code the data to discover four emerging themes. The themes found included (a) the first-generation college students’ motivation …
The Effects Of Online Social Networking On Social Connectedness And Friendship Quality Among Adolescents, Christine Klinkhoff
The Effects Of Online Social Networking On Social Connectedness And Friendship Quality Among Adolescents, Christine Klinkhoff
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The emergence of social networking sites (SNSs) has led to marked shifts in the ways that individuals communicate, share, and acquire information. Present-day adolescents are the first generation to grow up with these technologies and are among the most frequent users (Shapiro & Margolin, 2014). Although the technological landscape continues to evolve, the impact it has on aspects of adolescent development remains poorly understood. This study examined the possible relationship between SNS use and perceptions of social connectedness and friendship quality in a sample of Canadian and American adolescents. A self-report questionnaire developed by the author was utilized to examine …
Mental Health Attitudes And Stigma Among Medical Students: An Evaluation Of The Student Mental Health Initiative, Jennifer Hess Kengeter
Mental Health Attitudes And Stigma Among Medical Students: An Evaluation Of The Student Mental Health Initiative, Jennifer Hess Kengeter
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
There is a plethora of literature on the formation and prevalence on mental health stigma; however, literature on anti-stigma programs is scarce. The current mixed method study evaluated an anti-stigma program for medical students that contained a peer testimony component. A total of 25 participants were included in the quantitative component of the study. Data were collected over 3 consecutive years. All participants attended the Student Mental Health Initiative (SMHI) and completed a pre- and post-survey examining stigmatizing beliefs and negative attitudes toward mental illness. The qualitative portion of the study was a focus group with two participants who examined …
Raising A Child With A Disability: Coping Mechanisms And Support Needs, Noelle Cauda-Laufer
Raising A Child With A Disability: Coping Mechanisms And Support Needs, Noelle Cauda-Laufer
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Raising a child with a disability can affect parents, siblings, and family members in various ways and can be determined by the way in which a parent copes with and appraises the situation. The first goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between a parent’s coping mechanism (confrontive coping, distancing, self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape-avoidance, planful problem solving, and positive reappraisal) on his or her mental health or distress (depression, hopelessness, anxiety, and anger) when raising a child with a disability. The second goal was to investigate whether positive and adaptive coping would result in better …
Coping Styles As Predictors Of Alcohol Consumption With Undergraduate College Students Perceiving Stress, Shoshana S. Twersky
Coping Styles As Predictors Of Alcohol Consumption With Undergraduate College Students Perceiving Stress, Shoshana S. Twersky
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Coping was examined as a potential predictor for alcohol consumption with an undergraduate college population. Eighty-nine undergraduate students in the United States participated in the study by completing a survey between February and October 2016. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze whether specific coping styles predict problematic drinking among undergraduate college students who report experiences of perceived stress. The following self-report questionnaires measured the variables: the subjective portion of the Perceived Stress Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory-Short Form (CSI-S), Cahalan’s (1969) Quantity Frequency Index, and a background demographic questionnaire developed to assess basic demographic information. Findings revealed that weekend …
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury And The Effect On Academic And Psychosocial Functioning In School Aged Children: A Pilot Study, Mary Ellen Henigan
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury And The Effect On Academic And Psychosocial Functioning In School Aged Children: A Pilot Study, Mary Ellen Henigan
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The academic and psychosocial functioning of 20 post-TBI high school students were investigated in this pilot study. Participants included 12 males and 8 females ranging in age from 14 to 18 years. The students demonstrated a higher number of discipline referral post-TBI (d = 0.82) with a large effect size. Correlational analysis revealed a relationship between pre- and post-TBI, rate of attendance, and GPA. Thirty percent of student participants identified a level of significant elevation on the BASC-3 or BYI-II, most commonly social stress, depression, and sense of inadequacy. One hundred percent identified a change to their academic functioning, social …
The Role Of Cognitive Distortions In Predicting Mental Toughness In Athletes, Courtney Dougherty
The Role Of Cognitive Distortions In Predicting Mental Toughness In Athletes, Courtney Dougherty
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Mental toughness is one of the most commonly applied concepts in sports but also one of the least understood terms used by individuals in the athletic community (Jones, Hanton, & Connaughton, 2002). Mental toughness in sports is also characterized as the ability to be more consistent and better than opponents in remaining determined, focused, and confident under pressure (Jones et al., 2007). Despite the advancements in the cognitive understanding of mental toughness, little research has focused on evaluating the basis or rationality as to why or how mentally tough athletes possess the tendency to have an unshakeable confidence and belief …
The Attitudes, Level Of Interest, And Knowledge Held By Physicians And Psychologists Toward Integrated Healthcare Practices And The Patient-Centered Medical Home Model, Mark Cassano
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
As the healthcare system continues to evolve, issues related to cost and access to care continue to persist. In response to this concern, integrated models of healthcare, like the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), have been developed to work toward reducing cost for both patients and providers, increasing patient access to quality care, and improving patients’ overall satisfaction with the care that they are provided. However, despite the overwhelming evidence found in the literature supporting the efficacy and benefit of these treatment models, it is unclear why more providers do not choose to practice in and support collaborative forms of healthcare …
Exploring The Relationships Between Pornography Consumption, Relationship Satisfaction, Relationship Beliefs, And Masculinity, Benjamin Ryan Barnes Jr.
Exploring The Relationships Between Pornography Consumption, Relationship Satisfaction, Relationship Beliefs, And Masculinity, Benjamin Ryan Barnes Jr.
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Pornography is widely available and consumed in the United States and worldwide. Despite pornography’s wide spread use and expansions since the advent of the Internet, the psychosocial problems related to its use are not fully delineated. Previous studies have explored the relationship between pornography consumption and psychosocial variables such as sexual and physical violence against women, misogynistic beliefs, sexual callousness, acceptance of rape myths, and other problematic sexual beliefs and behaviors. Fewer studies have explored pornography use and its impact on relationship variables such as relationship satisfaction and beliefs about relational constructs such as intimacy, passion, and equality/independence. Furthermore, there …
Primary Care Physicians’ Ability To Detect Ptsd, John Michael Della Porta
Primary Care Physicians’ Ability To Detect Ptsd, John Michael Della Porta
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex condition that has many medical and mental health sequelae. Research has shown that PTSD patients are often not accurately identified, particularly in primary care settings. The result of this underdetection is that these patients often utilize more health care resources. This investigation sought to determine whether the complex nature of PTSD, particularly the frequent presence of comorbid physical symptoms that may overshadow PTSD, makes the disorder difficult to detect in primary care settings. Other factors that could contribute to this underdetection were also investigated. A two-group between-subjects design was utilized for this investigation, …
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Optimism, And Sensation Seeking In Predicting Self-Reported Adherence To Health Behaviors, Kristine V. Spano
The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Optimism, And Sensation Seeking In Predicting Self-Reported Adherence To Health Behaviors, Kristine V. Spano
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The relationship between health behaviors and three psychological variables that included optimism, self-efficacy, and sensation seeking was investigated in this study. A demographic form, the Health Adherence Behavior Inventory (HABIT), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8) were administered to 258 participants. The data were analyzed for two separate and independent samples based on gender. Results indicated that self-efficacy predicted male health behaviors while optimism predicted female health behaviors. In addition, men scored higher than women on self-reported sensation-seeking behaviors, as predicted. Limitations of this research and directions for further …
Full-Day Kindergarten Program: Fostering Academic And Behavioral Gains For At Risk Students, Sarah Stefanakis
Full-Day Kindergarten Program: Fostering Academic And Behavioral Gains For At Risk Students, Sarah Stefanakis
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The following study investigated the effectiveness of a full-day kindergarten program as an intervention to foster academic and behavioral gains in students presenting with poor school readiness skills when entering kindergarten. Sixteen public school kindergarten students selected for a pilot full-day kindergarten program participated in the study. The sample included students from low-socioeconomic status families with poor academic skills, students from higher socioeconomic status families with poor academic skills, and students receiving special education services. Dependent-samples t-tests revealed significant growth between the beginning and the end of the school year in phonological processing, print recognition, and early writing skills. Measures …