Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- rats. (4)
- Simple schedules (3)
- pigeons. (2)
- Action monitoring (2)
- Autism (2)
-
- Bar press (2)
- Bar pressing (2)
- Behavioral competition (2)
- Behavioral contrast (2)
- Error-related negativity (2)
- Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) (2)
- Key peck (2)
- Matching theory (2)
- Mediation (2)
- Multiple schedules (2)
- Ostracism (2)
- P3b (2)
- Psychology (2)
- Research (2)
- Satiation (2)
- Social Exclusion (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stroke rehabilitation (2)
- Variable-interval response function (2)
- Within-session effects (2)
- PIGEONS. (1)
- bias. (1)
- rat. (1)
- Adults with autism (1)
- Allopregnanolone (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 221
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
An Analysis Of Commentary In Men’S And Women’S Olympic Basketball, Madison Monk
An Analysis Of Commentary In Men’S And Women’S Olympic Basketball, Madison Monk
Honors Projects
The objectification theory suggests that women are subjected to more comments about their appearance than men, but in the field of athletics and sports analysts, newer perspectives suggest that there are fewer distinctions between how male and female athletes are portrayed. The present study examined whether there were differences in broadcast commentary of men’s and women’s Olympic basketball gold medal games, including comments about the players looks and appearance, their physicality and athleticism, and the pattern of name used. The coding method employed was developed based on previous research and used to quantify the frequency of each category. Two coders …
Open Education Exploration Grant: Joseph Williams, Joseph Williams
Open Education Exploration Grant: Joseph Williams, Joseph Williams
Ames Library Awards
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Training Intensity On Functional Outcome In A Mouse Model Of Stroke, Kelsey Wyman
The Effects Of Training Intensity On Functional Outcome In A Mouse Model Of Stroke, Kelsey Wyman
Honors Projects
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability with most patients suffering from persistent unilateral upper-limb impairments. These impairments impede daily living and independence as well as impose many other social and financial burdens. Current rehabilitation methods focus on compensatory movements relying largely on the nonimpaired limb. Unfortunately, the current methods of rehabilitation do not effectively promote full recovery of motor skills on the impaired body side. Rehabilitation in a mouse model of stroke has shown promising results, however, the training regimen used is much more intensive than the rehabilitation that human survivors receive, and the minimum amount of intensity …
New Audiobook From Professor Ellen Furlong, Darnysha Mitchell
New Audiobook From Professor Ellen Furlong, Darnysha Mitchell
Interviews for WGLT
Illinois Wesleyan Psychology Professor Ellen Furlong has a new audiobook available on Amazon’s online audiobook platform Audible called, "Decoding Dogs: Inside the Canine Mind". In the book, Furlong walks the listener through the thoughts and behaviors of dogs based on her own research and findings on dog behavior over the last two decades. She spoke to WGLT's Darnysha Mitchell about her findings on dog evolution and behavior.
False Beliefs In Dogs, Sydney Rowley
False Beliefs In Dogs, Sydney Rowley
Honors Projects
Compared to many other species, including non-human primates, dogs perform exceptionally well on social reasoning tasks such as locating a hidden object by following a human point. One such task, understanding false beliefs (FB)--that another individual may possess a belief contrary to both one’s own belief and reality--serves as a pinnacle in understanding social reasoning. Humans understand FB but whether nonhumans do remains controversial. We predicted that dogs, given their unusual social savvy, may understand FB. We presented dogs with a stage and a duck resting on it. The dog and researcher watched the duck move inside one of two …
Professor Themanson Studies The Data-Psychology Link In Baseball, Eric Stock
Professor Themanson Studies The Data-Psychology Link In Baseball, Eric Stock
Interviews for WGLT
An Illinois Wesleyan University professor is studying brain waves in baseball players to see if their ability to focus can be measured and improved. WGLT's Eric Stock spoke to IWU Professor of Psychology and Chair Jason Themanson about his research.
On The Nature Of Synesthesia: A Learned Association Or Something Different?, Niyant Vora
On The Nature Of Synesthesia: A Learned Association Or Something Different?, Niyant Vora
Honors Projects
Synesthesia is a phenomenon that has captivated the interest of many researchers, as it is a unique experience of the blending of the senses. The following study was conducted in an effort to understand whether synesthetic experiences can be learned, as Bor, Rothen, Schwartzman, Clayton, & Seth (2014) claimed. While there has been much research demonstrating that synesthesia is more common in the population than previously thought, and likely to develop in young children as a learning mechanism (Watson et al., 2017a), there have not been as many event-related brain potential (ERP) studies conducted on synesthesia. ERP studies are important …
This Or That?: Object Individuation In Domesticated Dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris), Ellen Stumph
This Or That?: Object Individuation In Domesticated Dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris), Ellen Stumph
Honors Projects
Functioning in our everyday lives requires that humans rely on organizing and categorizing our world. This ability to categorize rests on object individuation, the ability to track the identity of objects when they leave and reenter sight. Objects can be individuated using three types of information: spatiotemporal, object property and object kind. Surprisingly, noun comprehension may affect infants’ use of object kind information (Xu 1999; Xu 2002). However, research using a comparative approach suggests that the ability to use kind information to aid in object individuation may not be unique to humans: great apes, rhesus monkeys and dogs all successfully …
Task Specificity And Functional Outcome: What Is Best For Post-Stroke Rehabilitation?, Rachel Tomazin
Task Specificity And Functional Outcome: What Is Best For Post-Stroke Rehabilitation?, Rachel Tomazin
Honors Projects
Stroke is a debilitating insult to the brain occurring from a blockage in blood supply (ischemic), or a bleed (hemorrhagic) in one hemisphere of the brain. Worldwide, approximately 10 million people are left with moderate to severe disability due to stroke; the most common deficit is upper extremity impairment. Current stroke rehabilitation strategies utilize task specific training of a skill, meaning one practices the specific skill they want to regain. However, it is possible that there are more generalized types of therapy that can be as effective in rehabilitating debilitated skills. The current study utilizes several skilled reaching tasks in …
Supplemental Data For Onus Of The Bonus, Ellen E. Furlong, Laurie R. Santos
Supplemental Data For Onus Of The Bonus, Ellen E. Furlong, Laurie R. Santos
Furlong Cognition Lab
No abstract provided.
Understanding The Influence Of Social Networks And Social Roles On Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: Providing Opportunities In Order To Assess Quality Of Life, Brianna Piro
Honors Projects
This study investigates the influence of social role opportunities on quality of life for individuals with developmental disabilities (DD). It also explores the impact of informal social networks on social capital for this population. This study analyzed the effects of newly created social role opportunities on quality of life for a small group of individuals with DD. The hypothesis suggested that those given a new social role would report a higher quality of life than those not given a new role. Pre-test/post-test interviews were administered and a 6 week intervention was implemented with participants of a local social group in …
Amanda Vicary, Laura Kennedy
Amanda Vicary, Laura Kennedy
Interviews for WGLT
WGLT's Laura Kennedy discusses true crime with Professor of Psychology Amanda Vicary. Vicary is currently researching true crime, and how gender plays a role in the interest of true crime television.
Neural And Behavioral Effects Of Social Exclusion On Self-Regulation, Natalie R. Weimer
Neural And Behavioral Effects Of Social Exclusion On Self-Regulation, Natalie R. Weimer
Honors Projects
Researchers investigating the effects of social exclusion on neural activity propose there is a common neural framework underlying self-regulatory processes for both social and cognitive behaviors. This study will shed light on the engagement of these processes across social and cognitive task domains by investigating the effects of social exclusion on cognitive task execution. Neural and behavioral activity were measured while participants completed two flanker task sessions with the Cyberball paradigm occurring in between; additionally, half of the participants experiences exclusion during the Cyberball paradigm. Results showed that, similar to previous research, social exclusion led to impairments in subsequent flanker …
Anxiety Sensitivity, Stress, And Problematic Drinking Behaviors Among College Students, Kathryn V. Bulandr
Anxiety Sensitivity, Stress, And Problematic Drinking Behaviors Among College Students, Kathryn V. Bulandr
Honors Projects
The current study examined whether the combination of anxiety sensitivity (AS) and stress affected college students’ urge and motive to drink alcohol. Participants (n= 95, 44.2% male, 55.8% female, Mage= 18.82 years) included undergraduate students from Illinois Wesleyan University. Participants were asked to fill out a series of questionnaires, in addition to a short anagram task, which was used to induce stress in half of the sample. A multivariate factorial analysis was used to examine two main effects (AS and stress levels) and one interaction effect. Our hypothesis was partially supported, in that there was only …
Domestic Dogs ' (Canis Lupus Familiaris) Evaluation Of Moral And Immoral Actors, Katherine E. Ford
Domestic Dogs ' (Canis Lupus Familiaris) Evaluation Of Moral And Immoral Actors, Katherine E. Ford
Honors Projects
A sense of morality, or values predisposing what is right (fair, just, kind) and what is wrong (unfair, cruel, dishonest), appears universally across all humankind. All major cultures share support for some values, such as self-respect, respect for others, and 'the golden rule'treat others how you wish to be treated-and disdain for some sins, such as murder, theft and dishonesty (Kinnier, Kernes & Dautheribes, 2000). Some moral behaviors, such as inequity aversion, the tendency to do no hann and cooperation are found to exist in virtually all human adults. But where does morality come from? Is it uniquely human or …
Do Dogs Experience Cognitive Dissonance?, Ethan Fischer
Do Dogs Experience Cognitive Dissonance?, Ethan Fischer
Honors Projects
The effort justification paradigm - wherein people prefer rewards requiring more effort - is often explained by cognitive dissonance (discomfort experienced when by holding contradictory beliefs and/ or behaviors). Contrast theory provides an alternative by explaining that this preference is due to a greater difference between participant's starting and ending hedonic states. To differentiate these theories, dogs participated in an effort justification paradigm, hearing a severely or mildly annoying noise before receiving one of two differently colored treats. Afterwards, they were given a preference test. Cognitive dissonance and effort justification theories both expect dogs to prefer the treat associated with …
Examining Whether Body Image Dissatisfaction Is A Predictor Of Risky Sexual Behavior, Nikki M. Greenhill
Examining Whether Body Image Dissatisfaction Is A Predictor Of Risky Sexual Behavior, Nikki M. Greenhill
Honors Projects
The present study sought to determine if body image dissatisfaction is a predictor of risky sexual behavior. Participants (n = 146, 54.8% women, 45.2% men, Mage= 19.08 years) included college students from a small Midwestern university. Participants completed self-report measures of the known correlates of risky sexual behavior (i.e., well-being, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, alcohol and drug use, psychological distress), body image, and risky sexual behavior. Contrary to our predictions, the results indicated that body image satisfaction, as opposed to dissatisfaction, is a significant predictor of risky sexual behavior (β = -.25, p =.031 ). Specifically, for those who …
Neural Effects Of Varying Levels Of Social Re-Inclusion After Varying Periods Of Social Exclusion, Jessica M. White
Neural Effects Of Varying Levels Of Social Re-Inclusion After Varying Periods Of Social Exclusion, Jessica M. White
Honors Projects
This thesis studied the effects of social ostracism on individuals. Specifically, how conditions of exclusion and various levels of re-inclusion affect participant's responses in terms of social pain and neural activation due to exclusion. Participants played a Cyberball paradigm (Williams et aI., 2000), developed to include and exclude the participant. Participants were assigned a varying condition of exclusion and then re-inclusion during the computerized social interaction. Event-related brain potentials in response to the game were measured via electroencephalography. It was hypothesized that the degree of exclusion would influence P3b and N2 neural activation elicited in response to the exclusion, and …
Stauch '15 Studies Dogs’ Reactions To Human Motives, Kim Hill
Stauch '15 Studies Dogs’ Reactions To Human Motives, Kim Hill
News and Events
No abstract provided.
Inspired By Grandfather, Nelson'16 Studies Successful Aging, Kim Hill
Inspired By Grandfather, Nelson'16 Studies Successful Aging, Kim Hill
News and Events
No abstract provided.
Swope, Lewis Named As 2014 Weir Fellows, Tia Patsavas
Swope, Lewis Named As 2014 Weir Fellows, Tia Patsavas
News and Events
No abstract provided.
Iwu Researchers Hope Apps Teach Dogs New Tricks, Kim Hill
Iwu Researchers Hope Apps Teach Dogs New Tricks, Kim Hill
News and Events
No abstract provided.
Come On Down: Investigating An Informational Strategy To Debias The Anchoring Heuristic, Melissa A. Fuesting, Ellen Furlong
Come On Down: Investigating An Informational Strategy To Debias The Anchoring Heuristic, Melissa A. Fuesting, Ellen Furlong
Honors Projects
When individuals estimate the price of goods or services, irrelevant factors may affect the estimates. For example, irrelevant numbers in individuals’ environments can cause participants to “anchor” to them as starting point price estimates, such that estimates tend toward the anchor (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974; Chapman & Johnson, 1994). In fact, anchored individuals may pay up to three times as much for a product and buy 32% more products (Ariely, Loewenstein, & Prelec, 2003; Wansink, Kent, & Hoch, 1998). Because anchoring affects purchases large and small, this study investigates how to debias, or reduce the negative effects of, the anchoring …
Normative Beliefs As A Mediator Between Body Dissatisfaction And Disordered Eating, Antonia Jurkovic
Normative Beliefs As A Mediator Between Body Dissatisfaction And Disordered Eating, Antonia Jurkovic
Honors Projects
The present study examined the relationship between body dissatisfaction and maladaptive behaviors related to disordered eating. Specifically, normative beliefs for these behaviors were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and maladaptive behaviors. Fifty-one college females were surveyed regarding their body dissatisfaction (using the Photographic Figures Rating Scale), normative beliefs about eating, dieting, and other weight-loss strategies (using a newly created measure, the Disordered Eating Normative beliefs Scale, DENS), as well as disordered eating behaviors (using the EAT-26), BMI, and campus organization affiliations. Comparisons between sorority affiliation and athlete status revealed no significant differences of body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, …
Neural And Behavioral Effects Of Being Excluded By The Targets Of A Witnessed Social Exclusion, Kaitlin R. Dunn
Neural And Behavioral Effects Of Being Excluded By The Targets Of A Witnessed Social Exclusion, Kaitlin R. Dunn
Honors Projects
The consequences of social exclusion can be extremely detrimental to physical and emotional well being, ranging from mild distress to extreme violence and aggression. Research findings indicate that witnessing exclusion is just as common as experiencing exclusion and can invoke similar levels of distress. As such, it is also important to examine responses and reactions to the targets after witnessing it. Accordingly, this study examined the association between witnessing and experiencing social exclusion and event-related brain potential (ERP) activity. ERPs were collected while participants played a game of Cyberball with the previous targets of a witnessed inclusion or exclusion and …
Trust-Based Relational Intervention (Tbri) For Adopted Children Receiving Therapy In An Outpatient Setting, Lauren E. Nielsen
Trust-Based Relational Intervention (Tbri) For Adopted Children Receiving Therapy In An Outpatient Setting, Lauren E. Nielsen
Honors Projects
We explored the relationship between Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) and treatment outcomes for adopted children participating in treatment services through the Adoption Preservation Program at a Midwest child welfare organization. Adopted children who have trauma histories may have their adoptions disrupted if they do not receive the proper therapy to improve their overall functioning (Purvis, Cross, & Pennings, 2009; Davis, 1 999). We investigated a new intervention, TBRI, and its potential impact on children with trauma histories who are receiving outpatient therapy at a local child welfare center. Specifically, we examined whether family functioning and child functioning are improved after …
Frontal Lobe Theta Activity In Socially Ostracized Individuals: Understanding Social Ostracism Through Eeg, Victoria Whitaker
Frontal Lobe Theta Activity In Socially Ostracized Individuals: Understanding Social Ostracism Through Eeg, Victoria Whitaker
Honors Projects
The present study used a chat room paradigm to examine the effects of social ostracism on theta EEG activity in the frontal lobe. Participants were placed in an online chat room with two other individuals whose chat room profiles indicated they were both the opposite gender of the participant and attending other universities in central Illinois. Unknown to participants, these individuals were actually confederates in the study, and the pictures used on these profiles had previously been rated as either attractive or unattractive by college students. This experiment consisted of three primary phases. In the first phase, confederates actively included …
The Effects Of Social Exclusion On The Ern And The Cognitive Control Of Action Monitoring, Jason Themanson, Aaron Ball, Stephanie Khatcherian, Peter Rosen
The Effects Of Social Exclusion On The Ern And The Cognitive Control Of Action Monitoring, Jason Themanson, Aaron Ball, Stephanie Khatcherian, Peter Rosen
Scholarship
The current study investigated the influence of social exclusion, created through the Cyberball paradigm, on cognitive control using neural and behavioral measures of action monitoring. Healthy young adults performed a modified flanker task while their post-error behavior (accuracy, RT) and error-related negativity (ERN) were assessed. Results indicated that excluded participants showed decreased ERN and post-error response accuracy compared to included participants following their social interactions. These findings suggest that a common neural framework may exist for cognitive control processes and that cognitive control allocated toward exclusion-related processing following exclusionary social interactions may disrupt the capability to support self-regulatory action monitoring.
Examining The Relationships Between Self-Efficacy, Task-Relevant Attentional Control, And Task Performance: Evidence From Event-Related Brain Potentials, Jason Themanson, Peter Peter J. Rosen
Examining The Relationships Between Self-Efficacy, Task-Relevant Attentional Control, And Task Performance: Evidence From Event-Related Brain Potentials, Jason Themanson, Peter Peter J. Rosen
Scholarship
Self-efficacy (SE) is a modifiable psychosocial factor related to individuals’ beliefs in their capabilities to successfully complete courses of action and has been shown to be positively associated with task performance. The authors hypothesized that one means through which SE is related with improved performance is through enhanced task-relevant attentional control during task execution. To assess this hypothesis, we examined the relationships between SE and behavioral and neural indices of task performance and task-relevant attentional control for 76 young adults during the completion of a flanker task. Results showed that greater SE was associated with greater response accuracy and P3b …
The Ongoing Cognitive Processing Of Exclusionary Social Events: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Jason Themanson
The Ongoing Cognitive Processing Of Exclusionary Social Events: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Jason Themanson
Scholarship
Exclusionary social events are known to cause alterations in neural activity and attention-related processes. However, the precise nature of these neural adjustments remains unknown as previous research has been limited to examining social interactions and exclusionary events as unitary phenomena. To address this limitation, we assessed neural activity during both inclusionary and exclusionary social interactions by examining event-related brain potentials at multiple points within each social event. Our results show an initial enhancement of anterior cingulate cortex-related activation, indexed by the anterior N2, in response to specific exclusionary events followed by an enhanced attentional orienting response, indexed by the P3a, …