Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Psychology (7)
- Clinical Psychology (3)
- Depression (3)
- Journal Article (3)
- Adolescents (2)
-
- Bettina Casad (2)
- Diversity Studies (2)
- IAPS (2)
- Major depression (2)
- Negativity bias (2)
- Paul Robert (2)
- Positivity offset (2)
- 3D perception (1)
- Adolescence (1)
- Aging (1)
- Ann Steffen (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Attention (1)
- Behavioral activation (1)
- Biomedical (1)
- Body information processing (1)
- Brain-mind relation (1)
- Brief interventions (1)
- Choice (1)
- Common-sense beliefs (1)
- Coping (1)
- Death thoughts (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Depressive symptoms (1)
- Dialectical behavior therapy (1)
Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Social Support Seeking And Early Adolescent Depression And Anxiety Symptoms: The Moderating Role Of Rumination, C. E. Vélez, E. D. Krause, A. Mckinnon, S. M. Brunwasser, D. R. Freres, R. M. Abenavoli, Jane Gillham
Social Support Seeking And Early Adolescent Depression And Anxiety Symptoms: The Moderating Role Of Rumination, C. E. Vélez, E. D. Krause, A. Mckinnon, S. M. Brunwasser, D. R. Freres, R. M. Abenavoli, Jane Gillham
Psychology Faculty Works
This study examined how social support seeking and rumination interacted to predict depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later in early adolescents (N = 118; 11-14 years at baseline). We expected social support seeking would be more helpful for adolescents engaging in low rather than high levels of rumination. Adolescents self-reported on all measures at baseline, and on depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later. Social support seeking predicted fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety at low rumination levels but was not associated with benefits as rumination increased. For depression symptoms, social support seeking predicted more symptoms at high rumination …
Out Of Place? Gender Relations In A College Fitness Center, Jeanne Marecek, J. Salvatore
Out Of Place? Gender Relations In A College Fitness Center, Jeanne Marecek, J. Salvatore
Psychology Faculty Works
We turn attention to ordinary gym users and everyday social relations in athletic facilities. Our study concerned college students in the US and their experiences in the university’s fitness center. Using a critical incident procedure, we gathered brief accounts of “uncomfortable” experiences in day-to-day workout sessions. Drawing on the theories of Bruner, Ochs, Labove, and Bamberg, we analyzed how these accounts drew upon and reaffirmed normative gender orders. One prominent theme was that men—especially those on sports teams—pre-empted both physical spaces and certain pieces of equipment. Another common theme concerned men’s overt scrutiny of and judgments about women’s bodies, whether …
The Benefits Of Attending The Annual Biomedical Research Conference For Minority Students (Abrcms): The Role Of Research Confidence, Bettina J. Casad, Amy L. Chang, Christine M. Pribbenow
The Benefits Of Attending The Annual Biomedical Research Conference For Minority Students (Abrcms): The Role Of Research Confidence, Bettina J. Casad, Amy L. Chang, Christine M. Pribbenow
Psychology Faculty Works
The Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students (ABRCMS) is designed to support undergraduate students’ professional development as future scientists. Juniors, seniors, and postbaccalaureates who attended ABRCMS during 2008–2011 were emailed a link to an online questionnaire in which they reported their experiences at the conference. Attendees reported many ABRCMS-provided benefits. Frequency of attending or presenting at ABRCMS is positively related to science self-efficacy, research confidence, sense of belonging in science, and intentions to pursue a research degree in graduate school. Increased research confidence predicts graduate school plans and intentions for a research career in science; however, men were slightly …
The Negativity Bias Predicts Response Rate To Behavioral Activation For Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo
The Negativity Bias Predicts Response Rate To Behavioral Activation For Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo
Psychology Faculty Works
Background and Objectives: This treatment study investigated the extent to which asymmetric dimensions of affective responding, specifically the positivity offset and the negativity bias, at pretreatment altered the rate of response to Behavioral Activation treatment for depression. Method: Forty-one depressed participants were enrolled into 16 weekly sessions of BA. An additional 36 lifetime healthy participants were evaluated prospectively for 16 weeks to compare affective responding between healthy and remitted patients at post-treatment. All participants were assessed at Weeks 0, 8 and 16 using repeated measures, involving a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, questionnaires, and a computerized task …
Twice The Negativity Bias And Half The Positivity Offset: Evaluative Responses To Emotional Information In Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo
Twice The Negativity Bias And Half The Positivity Offset: Evaluative Responses To Emotional Information In Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo
Psychology Faculty Works
Background and objectives: Humans have the dual capacity to assign a slightly pleasant valence to neutral stimuli (the positivity offset) to encourage approach behaviors, as well as to assign a higher negative valence to unpleasant images relative to the positive valence to equally arousing and extreme pleasant images (the negativity bias) to facilitate defensive strategies. We conducted an experimental psychopathology study to examine the extent to which the negativity bias and the positivity offset differ in participants with and without major depression. Method: Forty-one depressed and thirty-six healthy participants were evaluated using a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I …
Regulation Of Romantic Love Feelings: Preconceptions, Strategies, And Feasibility, Sandra J.E. Langeslag, Jan W. Van Strien
Regulation Of Romantic Love Feelings: Preconceptions, Strategies, And Feasibility, Sandra J.E. Langeslag, Jan W. Van Strien
Psychology Faculty Works
Love feelings can be more intense than desired (e.g., after a break-up) or less intense than desired (e.g., in long-term relationships). If only we could control our love feelings! We present the concept of explicit love regulation, which we define as the use of behavioral and cognitive strategies to change the intensity of current feelings of romantic love. We present the first two studies on preconceptions about, strategies for, and the feasibility of love regulation. Questionnaire responses showed that people perceive love feelings as somewhat uncontrollable. Still, in four open questions people reported to use strategies such as cognitive reappraisal, …
Do Individual Differences And Aging Effects In The Estimation Of Geographical Slant Reflect Cognitive Or Perceptual Effects?, Abigail M. Dean, Jaehyun Oh , '14, Christopher J. Thomson , '15, Catherine Norris, Frank H. Durgin
Do Individual Differences And Aging Effects In The Estimation Of Geographical Slant Reflect Cognitive Or Perceptual Effects?, Abigail M. Dean, Jaehyun Oh , '14, Christopher J. Thomson , '15, Catherine Norris, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
Several individual differences including age have been suggested to affect the perception of slant. A cross-sectional study of outdoor hill estimation (N = 106) was analyzed using individual difference measures of age, experiential knowledge, fitness, personality traits, and sex. Of particular note, it was found that for participants who reported any experiential knowledge about slant, estimates decreased (i.e., became more accurate) as conscientiousness increased, suggesting that more conscientious individuals were more deliberate about taking their experiential knowledge (rather than perception) into account. Effects of fitness were limited to those without experiential knowledge, suggesting that they, too, may be cognitive rather …
The Role Of Mortality Awareness In Hero Identification, Simon Mccabe, Ryan Carpenter, Jamie Arndt
The Role Of Mortality Awareness In Hero Identification, Simon Mccabe, Ryan Carpenter, Jamie Arndt
Psychology Faculty Works
Three studies examine hypotheses derived from terror management theory to investigate the relationship between mortality concerns and hero identification. Study 1 found reminders of death, followed by a distraction task and a self-prime, led to greater inclusion of heroes in the self. Study 2 found that writing about a personal hero, but not other’s heroes or acquaintances, led to lower death-thought accessibility after being reminded of mortality. Finally, Study 3 found that after death reminders, participants led to identify with a hero exemplifying traits of legacy and/or sacrifice showed lower death thought accessibility. Findings are discussed as generative for heroism …
Universal School-Based Depression Prevention ‘Op Volle Kracht’: A Longitudinal Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Y. R. Tak, A. Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Jane Gillham, R. M. P. Van Zundert, R. C. M. E. Engels
Universal School-Based Depression Prevention ‘Op Volle Kracht’: A Longitudinal Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, Y. R. Tak, A. Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Jane Gillham, R. M. P. Van Zundert, R. C. M. E. Engels
Psychology Faculty Works
The longitudinal effectiveness of a universal, adolescent school-based depression prevention program Op Volle Kracht (OVK) was evaluated by means of a cluster randomized controlled trial with intervention and control condition (school as usual). OVK was based on the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) (Gillham et al. Psychological Science, 6, 343–351, 1995). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs 2001). In total, 1341 adolescents participated, Mage = 13.91, SD = 0.55, 47.3 % girls, 83.1 % Dutch ethnicity; intervention group n = 655, four schools; control group n = 735, five schools. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed that OVK did not …
A Psychosocial Resilience Curriculum Provides The “Missing Piece” To Boost Adolescent Physical Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Girls First In India, K. Sachs Leventhal, L. M. Demaria, Jane Gillham, G. Andrew, J. Peabody, S. M. Leventhal
A Psychosocial Resilience Curriculum Provides The “Missing Piece” To Boost Adolescent Physical Health: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Girls First In India, K. Sachs Leventhal, L. M. Demaria, Jane Gillham, G. Andrew, J. Peabody, S. M. Leventhal
Psychology Faculty Works
Rationale and objectives: Despite a recent proliferation of interventions to improve health, education, and livelihoods for girls in low and middle income countries, psychosocial wellbeing has been neglected. This oversight is particularly problematic as attending to psychosocial development may be important not only for psychosocial but also physical wellbeing. This study examines the physical health effects of Girls First, a combined psychosocial (Girls First Resilience Curriculum [RC]) and adolescent physical health (Girls First Health Curriculum [HC]) intervention (RC + HC) versus its individual components (i.e., RC, HC) and a control group. We expected Girls First to improve physical health versus …
The Development Of Attention To Dynamic Facial Emotions, Alison Heck, Alyson Hock, Hannah White, Rachel Jubran, Ramesh Bhatt
The Development Of Attention To Dynamic Facial Emotions, Alison Heck, Alyson Hock, Hannah White, Rachel Jubran, Ramesh Bhatt
Psychology Faculty Works
Appropriate processing of emotions is paramount for successful social functioning. Adults’ enhanced attention to negative emotions such as fear is thought to be a critical aspect of this adaptive functioning. Prior studies indicate that increased attention to fear relative to positive or neutral emotions begins at around 7 months of age, and it has been suggested that this negativity bias is related to self-locomotion. However, these studies mostly used static faces, potentially limiting information available to the infants. In the current study, 3.5-month-olds (n = 24) and 5-month-olds (n = 24) were exposed to dynamic faces expressing fear, happy, or …
The Sandwich Generation Diner: Development Of A Web-Based Health Intervention For Intergenerational Caregivers, Ann M. Steffen, Joel Epstein, Nika George, Megan Macdougall
The Sandwich Generation Diner: Development Of A Web-Based Health Intervention For Intergenerational Caregivers, Ann M. Steffen, Joel Epstein, Nika George, Megan Macdougall
Psychology Faculty Works
Background: Women are disproportionately likely to assist aging family members; approximately 53 million in the United States are involved with the health care of aging parents, in-laws, or other relatives. The busy schedules of “sandwich generation” women who care for older relatives require accessible and flexible health education, including Web-based approaches. Objective: This paper describes the development and implementation of a Web-based health education intervention, The Sandwich Generation Diner, as a tool for intergenerational caregivers of older adults with physical and cognitive impairments. Methods: We used Bartholomew’s Intervention Mapping (IM) process to develop our theory-based health education program. Bandura’s (1997) …
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage Is Associated With Decreased Ventral Striatum Volume And Response To Reward, Maia Pujara, Carissa Philippi, Julian Motzkin, Mustafa Baskaya, Michael Koenigs
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage Is Associated With Decreased Ventral Striatum Volume And Response To Reward, Maia Pujara, Carissa Philippi, Julian Motzkin, Mustafa Baskaya, Michael Koenigs
Psychology Faculty Works
The ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are two central nodes of the “reward circuit” of the brain. Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated coincident activation and functional connectivity between these brain regions, and animal studies have demonstrated that the vmPFC modulates ventral striatum activity. However, there have been no comparable data in humans to address whether the vmPFC may be critical for the reward-related response properties of the ventral striatum. In this study, we used fMRI in five neurosurgical patients with focal vmPFC lesions to test the hypothesis that the vmPFC is necessary for enhancing ventral striatum responses to …
Application Of A Novel Quantitative Tractography Based Analysis Of Diffusion Tensor Imaging To Examine Fiber Bundle Length In Human Cerebral White Matter, Robert H. Paul, Laurie M. Baker, Ryan P. Cabeen, Sarah Cooley
Application Of A Novel Quantitative Tractography Based Analysis Of Diffusion Tensor Imaging To Examine Fiber Bundle Length In Human Cerebral White Matter, Robert H. Paul, Laurie M. Baker, Ryan P. Cabeen, Sarah Cooley
Psychology Faculty Works
This paper reviews basic methods and recent applications of length-based fiber bundle analysis of cerebral white matter using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a dMRI technique that uses the random motion of water to probe tissue microstructure in the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an extension of DWI that measures the magnitude and direction of water diffusion in cerebral white matter, using either voxel-based scalar metrics or tractography-based analyses. More recently, quantitative tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (qtDTI) technology has been developed to help quantify aggregate structural anatomical properties of white matter fiber …
Reducing Csf Partial Volume Effects To Enhance Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics Of Brain Microstructure, Robert H. Paul, Lauren E. Salminen, Thomas E. Conturo, Jacob D. Bolzenius
Reducing Csf Partial Volume Effects To Enhance Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics Of Brain Microstructure, Robert H. Paul, Lauren E. Salminen, Thomas E. Conturo, Jacob D. Bolzenius
Psychology Faculty Works
Technological advances over recent decades now allow for in vivo observation of human brain tissue through the use of neuroimaging methods. While this field originated with techniques capable of capturing macrostructural details of brain anatomy, modern methods such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that are now regularly implemented in research protocols have the ability to characterize brain microstructure. DTI has been used to reveal subtle micro-anatomical abnormalities in the prodromal phase ofº various diseases and also to delineate “normal” age-related changes in brain tissue across the lifespan. Nevertheless, imaging artifact in DTI remains a significant limitation for identifying true neural …
A Randomized Depression Prevention Trial Comparing Interpersonal Psychotherapy—Adolescent Skills Training To Group Counseling In Schools, J. F. Young, J. S. Benas, C. M. Schueler, R. Gallop, Jane Gillham, L. Mufson
A Randomized Depression Prevention Trial Comparing Interpersonal Psychotherapy—Adolescent Skills Training To Group Counseling In Schools, J. F. Young, J. S. Benas, C. M. Schueler, R. Gallop, Jane Gillham, L. Mufson
Psychology Faculty Works
Given the rise in depression disorders in adolescence, it is important to develop and study depression prevention programs for this age group. The current study examined the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST), a group prevention program for adolescent depression, in comparison to group programs that are typically delivered in school settings. In this indicated prevention trial, 186 adolescents with elevated depression symptoms were randomized to receive IPT-AST delivered by research staff or group counseling (GC) delivered by school counselors. Hierarchical linear modeling examined differences in rates of change in depressive symptoms and overall functioning from baseline to the …
The Whole Picture: Holistic Body Posture Recognition In Infancy, Alyson Hock, Hannah White, Rachel Jubran, Ramesh Bhatt
The Whole Picture: Holistic Body Posture Recognition In Infancy, Alyson Hock, Hannah White, Rachel Jubran, Ramesh Bhatt
Psychology Faculty Works
Holistic processing is tied to expertise and is characteristic of face and body perception by adults. Infants process faces holistically, but it is unknown whether they process body information holistically. In the present study, infants were tested for discrimination between body postures that differed in limb orientations in three conditions: in the context of the whole body, with just the isolated limbs that changed orientation, or with the limbs in the context of scrambled body parts. Five- and 9-month-olds discriminated between whole-body postures, but failed in the isolated-part and scrambled-body conditions, demonstrating holistic processing of information from bodies. These results …
Large Perceptual Distortions Of Locomotor Action Space Occur In Ground-Based Coordinates: Angular Expansion And The Large-Scale Horizontal-Vertical Illusion, B. J. Klein, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Large Perceptual Distortions Of Locomotor Action Space Occur In Ground-Based Coordinates: Angular Expansion And The Large-Scale Horizontal-Vertical Illusion, B. J. Klein, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
What is the natural reference frame for seeing large-scale spatial scenes in locomotor action space? Prior studies indicate an asymmetric angular expansion in perceived direction in large-scale environments: Angular elevation relative to the horizon is perceptually exaggerated by a factor of 1.5, whereas azimuthal direction is exaggerated by a factor of about 1.25. Here participants made angular and spatial judgments when upright or on their sides to dissociate egocentric from allocentric reference frames. In Experiment 1, it was found that body orientation did not affect the magnitude of the up-down exaggeration of direction, suggesting that the relevant orientation reference frame …
Single-Session Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training Versus Relaxation Training For Non-Treatment-Engaged Suicidal Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Erin Ward-Ciesielski, Erin Ward-Ciesielski, Connor Jones, Madeline Wielgus, Chelsey Wilks, Marsha Linehan
Single-Session Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training Versus Relaxation Training For Non-Treatment-Engaged Suicidal Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Erin Ward-Ciesielski, Erin Ward-Ciesielski, Connor Jones, Madeline Wielgus, Chelsey Wilks, Marsha Linehan
Psychology Faculty Works
Background: Individuals who are not engaged in treatment are commonly overlooked in the design of intervention trials targeting suicidal populations as a result of recruitment methodology that requires individuals to be referred from their current provider. In fact, research suggests that the majority of individuals who die by suicide have not been in contact with mental health services in the year before their death. Methods/design: A randomized controlled trial of two brief, one-session interventions for adults who are not engaged in mental health treatment. Inclusion criteria include 1) 18 years or older, 2) experiencing suicidal ideation in the past week, …
On The Meaning And Measurement Of Maximization, Nathan Norem Cheek , '15, Barry Schwartz
On The Meaning And Measurement Of Maximization, Nathan Norem Cheek , '15, Barry Schwartz
Psychology Faculty Works
Building on Herbert Simon’s critique of rational choice theory, Schwartz et al. (2002) proposed that when making choices, some individuals — maximizers — search extensively through many alternatives with the goal of making the best choice, whereas others — satisficers — search only until they identify an option that meets their standards, which they then choose. They developed the Maximization Scale (MS) to measure individual differences in maximization, and a substantial amount of research has now examined maximization using the MS, painting a picture of maximizers that is generally negative. Recently, however, several researchers have criticized the MS, and almost …
A Telehealth Behavioral Coaching Intervention For Neurocognitive Disorder Family Carers., Ann Steffen, Judith Gant
A Telehealth Behavioral Coaching Intervention For Neurocognitive Disorder Family Carers., Ann Steffen, Judith Gant
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Common Sense Beliefs About The Central Self, Moral Character, And The Brain, D. Fernandez-Duque, Barry Schwartz
Common Sense Beliefs About The Central Self, Moral Character, And The Brain, D. Fernandez-Duque, Barry Schwartz
Psychology Faculty Works
To assess lay beliefs about self and brain, we probed people's opinions about the central self, in relation to morality, willful control, and brain relevance. In study 1, 172 participants compared the central self to the peripheral self. The central self, construed at this abstract level, was seen as more brain-based than the peripheral self, less changeable through willful control, and yet more indicative of moral character. In study 2, 210 participants described 18 specific personality traits on 6 dimensions: centrality to self, moral relevance, willful control, brain dependence, temporal stability, and desirability. Consistent with Study 1, centrality to the …
Addressing Stereotype Threat Is Critical To Diversity And Inclusion In Organizational Psychology, Bettina Casad, William J. Bryant
Addressing Stereotype Threat Is Critical To Diversity And Inclusion In Organizational Psychology, Bettina Casad, William J. Bryant
Psychology Faculty Works
Recently researchers have debated the relevance of stereotype threat to the workplace. Critics have argued that stereotype threat is not relevant in high stakes testing such as in personnel selection. We and others argue that stereotype threat is highly relevant in personnel selection, but our review focused on underexplored areas including effects of stereotype threat beyond test performance and the application of brief, low-cost interventions in the workplace. Relevant to the workplace, stereotype threat can reduce domain identification, job engagement, career aspirations, and receptivity to feedback. Stereotype threat has consequences in other relevant domains including leadership, entrepreneurship, negotiations, and competitiveness. …
Developing Leadership As Dialogic Practice, Kenneth J. Gergen, L. Hersted
Developing Leadership As Dialogic Practice, Kenneth J. Gergen, L. Hersted
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Evolution Of Neuroimaging Technology In The Modern Era, Robert H. Paul
Evolution Of Neuroimaging Technology In The Modern Era, Robert H. Paul
Psychology Faculty Works
Clinical applications in brain science have progressed at a glacial pace when compared to other medical disciplines. Treatments for most neurodegenerative brain diseases are limited, and cure strategies remain underdeveloped. Pressure to improve clinical outcomes in the neurological sciences is exacerbated by an aging population at risk for degenerative brain diseases. Fortunately, technical advances in the field of neuroimaging offer new promise, with enhanced characterization of microstructural anatomy, network connectivity, and functional biomarkers of health and disease. Articles highlighted in this issue describe cutting-edge applications targeting these outcomes using diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion-based tractography, and positron emission tomography. Finally, the …
Perceived Azimuth Direction Is Exaggerated: Converging Evidence From Explicit And Implicit Measures, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Perceived Azimuth Direction Is Exaggerated: Converging Evidence From Explicit And Implicit Measures, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
Recent observations suggest that perceived visual direction in the sagittal plane (angular direction in elevation, both upward and downward from eye level) is exaggerated. Foley, Ribeiro-Filho, and Da Silva's (2004) study of perceived size of exocentric ground extent implies that perceived angular direction in azimuth may also be exaggerated. In the present study, we directly examined whether perceived azimuth direction is overestimated. In Experiment 1, numeric estimates of azimuth direction (−48° to 48° relative to straight ahead) were obtained. The results showed a linear exaggeration in perceived azimuth direction with a gain of about 1.26. In Experiment 2, a perceptual …
Critique, Construction, And Confluence: Journeying With John Shotter, Kenneth J. Gergen
Critique, Construction, And Confluence: Journeying With John Shotter, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.