Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Critical Cultural Awareness: Contributions To A Globalizing Psychology, J. C. Christopher, D. C. Wendt, Jeanne Marecek, D. M. Goodman
Critical Cultural Awareness: Contributions To A Globalizing Psychology, J. C. Christopher, D. C. Wendt, Jeanne Marecek, D. M. Goodman
Psychology Faculty Works
The number of psychologists whose work crosses cultural boundaries is increasing. Without a critical awareness of their own cultural grounding, they risk imposing the assumptions, concepts, practices, and values of U.S.-centered psychology on societies where they do not fit, as a brief example from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami shows. Hermeneutic thinkers offer theoretical resources for gaining cultural awareness. Culture, in the hermeneutic view, is the constellation of meanings that constitutes a way of life. Such cultural meanings-especially in the form of folk psychologies and moral visions-inevitably shape every psychology, including U.S. psychology. The insights of hermeneutics, as well as …
Reducing Smoking Among Distracted Individuals: A Preliminary Investigation, Matthew Richard Wallaert , '05, Andrew Ward, T. Mann
Reducing Smoking Among Distracted Individuals: A Preliminary Investigation, Matthew Richard Wallaert , '05, Andrew Ward, T. Mann
Psychology Faculty Works
INTRODUCTION: According to the attentional myopia model, salient cues that serve to inhibit behavior can be especially effective under conditions of limited attention. A small field study tested the implications of this model for smoking reduction. METHODS: Twenty-three undergraduate smokers were exposed to a prominent health warning for 2 5-day experimental phases, with phase order counterbalanced across participants. During one phase, participants simply viewed the warning at regular intervals. During the other phase, participants viewed the warning for the same duration but also simultaneously performed a distracting cognitive load task. RESULTS: Participants in the phase that combined a health warning …
Network Organization Unfolds Over Time During Periods Of Anxious Anticipation, Brenton Mcmenamin, Sandra Langeslag, Mihai Sirbu, Srikanth Padmala, Luiz Pessoa
Network Organization Unfolds Over Time During Periods Of Anxious Anticipation, Brenton Mcmenamin, Sandra Langeslag, Mihai Sirbu, Srikanth Padmala, Luiz Pessoa
Psychology Faculty Works
Entering a state of anxious anticipation triggers widespread changes across large-scale networks in the brain. The temporal aspects of this transition into an anxious state are poorly understood. To address this question, an instructed threat of shock paradigm was used while recording functional MRI in humans to measure how activation and functional connectivity change over time across the salience, executive, and task-negative networks and how they interact with key regions implicated in emotional processing; the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Transitions into threat blocks were associated with transient responses in regions of the salience network and …
Egocentric Reference Frame Bias In The Palmar Haptic Perception Of Surface Orientation, Allison Coleman , '13, Frank H. Durgin
Egocentric Reference Frame Bias In The Palmar Haptic Perception Of Surface Orientation, Allison Coleman , '13, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
The effect of egocentric reference frames on palmar haptic perception of orientation was investigated in vertically separated locations in a sagittal plane. Reference stimuli to be haptically matched were presented either haptically (to the contralateral hand) or visually. As in prior investigations of haptic orientation perception, a strong egocentric bias was found, such that haptic orientation matches made in the lower part of personal space were much lower (i.e., were perceived as being higher) than those made at eye level. The same haptic bias was observed both when the reference surface to be matched was observed visually and when bimanual …
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Lesions Alter Neural And Physiological Correlates Of Anticipation, Julian Motzkin, Carissa Philippi, Richard Wolf, Mustafa Baskaya, Michael Koenigs
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Lesions Alter Neural And Physiological Correlates Of Anticipation, Julian Motzkin, Carissa Philippi, Richard Wolf, Mustafa Baskaya, Michael Koenigs
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Angular Scale Expansion Theory And The Misperception Of Egocentric Distance In Locomotor Space, Frank H. Durgin
Angular Scale Expansion Theory And The Misperception Of Egocentric Distance In Locomotor Space, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
Perception is crucial for the control of action, but perception need not be scaled accurately to produce accurate actions. This paper reviews evidence for an elegant new theory of locomotor space perception that is based on the dense coding of angular declination so that action control may be guided by richer feedback. The theory accounts for why so much direct-estimation data suggests that egocentric distance is underestimated despite the fact that action measures have been interpreted as indicating accurate perception. Actions are calibrated to the perceived scale of space and thus action measures are typically unable to distinguish systematic (e.g., …
Ask A Busy Person: Attentional Myopia And Helping, Matthew Richard Wallaert , '05, Andrew Ward, T. Mann
Ask A Busy Person: Attentional Myopia And Helping, Matthew Richard Wallaert , '05, Andrew Ward, T. Mann
Psychology Faculty Works
According to an oft-quoted piece of folk wisdom, if one wants something accomplished, the best person to ask is a busy person. We tested a version of this proposition in two studies. Study 1 exposed participants to a helping request in which cues promoting the relevant behavior were made more salient than those inhibiting it. Study 2 featured a request in which inhibiting cues were made more salient than cues promoting the behavior. In both studies, participants who were "busied" by high cognitive load showed more influence of the dominant behavioral pressure than did participants under minimal load. The results …
Anchoring In Action: Manual Estimates Of Slant Are Powerfully Biased Toward Initial Hand Orientation And Are Correlated With Verbal Report, D. M. Shaffer, E. Mcmanama, C. Swank, Morgan Williams , '14, Frank H. Durgin
Anchoring In Action: Manual Estimates Of Slant Are Powerfully Biased Toward Initial Hand Orientation And Are Correlated With Verbal Report, D. M. Shaffer, E. Mcmanama, C. Swank, Morgan Williams , '14, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
People verbally overestimate hill slant by approximately 15 degrees to 25 degrees, whereas manual estimates (e. g., palm board measures) are thought to be more accurate. The relative accuracy of palm boards has contributed to the widely cited theoretical claim that they tap into an accurate, but unconscious, motor representation of locomotor space. In the current work, 4 replications (total N = 204) carried out by 2 different laboratories tested an alternative anchoring hypothesis that manual action measures give low estimates because they are always initiated from horizontal. The results of all 4 replications indicate that the bias from response …
Prolonged Marital Stress Is Associated With Short-Lived Responses To Positive Stimuli, R. C. Lapate, C. M. Van Reekum, S. M. Schaefer, L. L. Greischar, Catherine Norris, D. R. W. Bachhuber, C. D. Ryff, R. J. Davidson
Prolonged Marital Stress Is Associated With Short-Lived Responses To Positive Stimuli, R. C. Lapate, C. M. Van Reekum, S. M. Schaefer, L. L. Greischar, Catherine Norris, D. R. W. Bachhuber, C. D. Ryff, R. J. Davidson
Psychology Faculty Works
Marital stress is associated with a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders, in particular major depression. One pathway through which marital stress may impact emotional health is by compromising emotion-responding processes. We examined a longitudinal sample of adults (N = 116; 59 males; 39–84 years) to verify how marital stress predicts reactivity to, and recovery from, emotional provocation. Individuals watched positive, neutral, and negative pictures while an objective measure of affective state, corrugator supercilii muscle activity, was recorded continuously. Our results indicate that marital stress is associated with short-lived responses to positive pictures, indexed by a less persistent decrease in corrugator …
Stress-Dependent Opioid And Adrenergic Modulation Of Newly Retrieved Fear Memory, Allen M. Schneider, Peter E. Simson , '78, Caitlin M. Daimon , '11, Jakob Mrozewski , '11, Nicholas M. Vogt , '12, John R. Keefe , '10, Lynn G. Kirby , '89
Stress-Dependent Opioid And Adrenergic Modulation Of Newly Retrieved Fear Memory, Allen M. Schneider, Peter E. Simson , '78, Caitlin M. Daimon , '11, Jakob Mrozewski , '11, Nicholas M. Vogt , '12, John R. Keefe , '10, Lynn G. Kirby , '89
Psychology Faculty Works
Recent studies on the effect of stress on modulation of fear memory in our laboratory have uncovered endogenous opioid and adrenergic based modulation systems, working in concert, that limit the strengthening or weakening of newly acquired fear memory during consolidation under conditions of mild or intense stress, respectively. The present study sought to determine if similar stress-dependent modulation, mediated by endogenous opioid and adrenergic systems, occurs during reconsolidation of newly retrieved fear memory. Rats underwent contextual fear conditioning followed 24 h later by reactivation of fear memory; a retention test was administered the next day. Stress was manipulated by varying …
Innovative Models Of Dissemination For School-Based Interventions That Promote Youth Resilience And Well-Being, A. Kranzler, L. J. Hoffman, A. C. Parks, Jane Gillham
Innovative Models Of Dissemination For School-Based Interventions That Promote Youth Resilience And Well-Being, A. Kranzler, L. J. Hoffman, A. C. Parks, Jane Gillham
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.