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Perceived Slant Of Binocularly Viewed Large-Scale Surfaces: A Common Model From Explicit And Implicit Measures, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Perceived Slant Of Binocularly Viewed Large-Scale Surfaces: A Common Model From Explicit And Implicit Measures, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin
Psychology Faculty Works
It is known that the perceived slants of large distal surfaces, such as hills, are exaggerated and that the exaggeration increases with distance. In a series of two experiments, we parametrically investigated the effect of viewing distance and slant on perceived slant using a high-fidelity virtual environment. An explicit numerical estimation method and an implicit aspect-ratio approach were separately used to assess the perceived optical slant of simulated large-scale surfaces with different slants and viewing distances while gaze direction was fixed. The results showed that perceived optical slant increased logarithmically with viewing distance and the increase was proportionally greater for …
Looking Glass Land, Jeanne Marecek
Explicit Control Of Implicit Responses Simple Directives Can Alter Iat Performance, Matthew Richard Wallaert , '05, Andrew Ward, T. Mann
Explicit Control Of Implicit Responses Simple Directives Can Alter Iat Performance, Matthew Richard Wallaert , '05, Andrew Ward, T. Mann
Psychology Faculty Works
Research has begun to reveal the malleability of implicit prejudice. One measure of this construct, the race Implicit Association Test (IAT), represents a widely-used tool to assess individuals’ positive and negative associations with different racial groups. In two studies, we demonstrate the capacity of salient pressures to alter implicit racial responses. In Study 1, an enhancement of promoting pressures through an explicit instruction to stereotype was sufficient to increase pro-White bias on the IAT. In Study 2, an enhancement of inhibiting pressures through a simple instruction to avoid stereotyping was sufficient to reduce pro-White bias. Taken together, the studies suggest …
Does Choice Mean Freedom And Well-Being?, H. R. Markus, Barry Schwartz
Does Choice Mean Freedom And Well-Being?, H. R. Markus, Barry Schwartz
Psychology Faculty Works
Americans live in a political, social, and historical context that values personal freedom and choice above all else, an emphasis that has been amplified by contemporary psychology. However, this article reviews research that shows that in non-Western cultures and among working-class Westerners, freedom and choice do not have the meaning or importance they do for the university-educated people who have been the subjects of almost all research on this topic. We cannot assume that choice, as understood by educated, affluent Westerners, is a universal aspiration. The meaning and significance of choice are cultural constructions. Moreover, even when choice can foster …
"Some", And Possibly All, Scalar Inferences Are Not Delayed: Evidence For Immediate Pragmatic Enrichment, Daniel J. Grodner, N. M. Klein, K. M. Carbary, M. K. Tanenhaus
"Some", And Possibly All, Scalar Inferences Are Not Delayed: Evidence For Immediate Pragmatic Enrichment, Daniel J. Grodner, N. M. Klein, K. M. Carbary, M. K. Tanenhaus
Psychology Faculty Works
Scalar inferences are commonly generated when a speaker uses a weaker expression rather than a stronger alternative, e.g., John ate some of the apples implies that he did not eat them all. This article describes a visual-world study investigating how and when perceivers compute these inferences. Participants followed spoken instructions containing the scalar quantifier some directing them to interact with one of several referential targets (e.g., Click on the girl who has some of the balloons). Participants fixated on the target compatible with the implicated meaning of some and avoided a competitor compatible with the literal meaning prior to a …
A Hospital-Based Study On Trends In Deliberate Self-Harm In Children And Adolescents, C. Senadheera, Jeanne Marecek, C. Hewage, W. A.A. Wijayasiri
A Hospital-Based Study On Trends In Deliberate Self-Harm In Children And Adolescents, C. Senadheera, Jeanne Marecek, C. Hewage, W. A.A. Wijayasiri
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Behavioral Consequences Of Nmda Antagonist-Induced Neuroapoptosis In The Infant Mouse Brain, George T. Taylor, Carla M. Yuede, David F. Wozniak, John W. Olney
Behavioral Consequences Of Nmda Antagonist-Induced Neuroapoptosis In The Infant Mouse Brain, George T. Taylor, Carla M. Yuede, David F. Wozniak, John W. Olney
Psychology Faculty Works
Background: Exposure to NMDA glutamate antagonists during the brain growth spurt period causes widespread neuroapoptosis in the rodent brain. This period in rodents occurs during the first two weeks after birth, and corresponds to the third trimester of pregnancy and several years after birth in humans. The developing human brain may be exposed to NMDA antagonists through drug-abusing mothers or through anesthesia. Methodology/Principal Findings: We evaluated the long-term neurobehavioral effects of mice exposed to a single dose of the NMDA antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), or saline, on postnatal day 2 (P2) or P7, or on both P2 and P7. PCP treatment …
Controlled Interaction: Strategies For Using Virtual Reality To Study Perception, Frank H. Durgin, Z. Li
Controlled Interaction: Strategies For Using Virtual Reality To Study Perception, Frank H. Durgin, Z. Li
Psychology Faculty Works
Immersive virtual reality systems employing head-mounted displays offer great promise for the investigation of perception and action, but there are well-documented limitations to most virtual reality systems. In the present article, we suggest strategies for studying perception/action interactions that try to depend on both scale-invariant metrics (such as power function exponents) and careful consideration of the requirements of the interactions under investigation. New data concerning the effect of pincushion distortion on the perception of surface orientation are presented, as well as data documenting the perception of dynamic distortions associated with head movements with uncorrected optics. A review of several successful …
Neural Recruitment During Self-Control Of Smoking: A Pilot Fmri Study, John Robert Monterosso , '92, T. Mann, Andrew Ward, G. Ainslie, J. Bramen, A. Brody, E. D. London
Neural Recruitment During Self-Control Of Smoking: A Pilot Fmri Study, John Robert Monterosso , '92, T. Mann, Andrew Ward, G. Ainslie, J. Bramen, A. Brody, E. D. London
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Co-Constitution, Causality, And Confluence: Organizing In A World Without Entities, Kenneth J. Gergen
Co-Constitution, Causality, And Confluence: Organizing In A World Without Entities, Kenneth J. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
The shift in focus from entities to process in organizational theory is both theoretically challenging and rich in potential. In this chapter I first consider two major challenges to the traditional science of organizations, including a shift from research devoted to establishing empirically based covering laws to a science invested in generating futures through participatory practices. I then consider a theoretical orientation to process, one that illuminates the collaborative or co‐active constitution of what we take to be entities, and the ongoing process required to sustain a world of independent events or actions. Finally, with this emphasis on co‐active process …
Normative Scores For A Brief Neuropsychological Battery For The Detection Of Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (Hand) Among South Africans, Robert H. Paul, Dinesh Singh, John A. Joska, Karl Goodkin
Normative Scores For A Brief Neuropsychological Battery For The Detection Of Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (Hand) Among South Africans, Robert H. Paul, Dinesh Singh, John A. Joska, Karl Goodkin
Psychology Faculty Works
There is an urgent need to more accurately diagnose HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in Africa. Rapid screening tests for HIV-associated dementia are of limited utility due to variable sensitivity and specificity. The use of selected neuropsychological tests is more appropriate, but norms for HIV seronegative people are not readily available for sub-Saharan African populations. We sought to derive normative scores for two commonly used neuropsychological tests that generate four test scores -- namely the Trail-Making Test (Parts A and B) and the Digit Span Test [Forward (DSF) and Backward (DSB)]. To assess memory and recall, we used the memory item …
Positive Aging: Resilience And Reconstruction, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. Gergen
Positive Aging: Resilience And Reconstruction, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. Gergen
Psychology Faculty Works
From a social constructionist perspective, conceptions of aging emerge from participation in relationships. Thus, there is reason to counter the Western stereotype of aging as decline with a more robust and positive vision. In the same way, resilience in everyday life may be achieved by engaging creatively and collaboratively in coordinating the flow of circumstances and interpretations making up daily life. We illustrate the potentials of resilience in terms of collaborative attempts to generate positive reconstructions of what are often defined as debilitating circumstances: reduced income, diminished attractiveness in physical appearance, declining physical and mental abilities, physical handicaps, the “empty …