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Articles 1 - 30 of 35
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The Role Of Distress Tolerance And Expectancies In Women's Alcohol Consumption, Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer
The Role Of Distress Tolerance And Expectancies In Women's Alcohol Consumption, Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current study explored risk factors for alcohol misuse in women. Past research suggests that negative emotions and stress responsivity may be causally related to alcohol use in women. Based on negative reinforcement models of alcohol use, it was hypothesized that low levels of behavioral distress tolerance (behavioral DT; defined as the ability to persist in goal-directed behavior in the face of psychological distress) may put women at greater risk of alcohol misuse particularly in the context of positive expectancies about the tension-reducing qualities of alcohol. Additionally, the study explored physiological underpinnings of behavioral distress tolerance, and particularly how skin …
The Mediating Effect Of Self-Awareness In The Relations Of Self-Compassion And Training Variables To Therapist Self-Efficacy, I-Ching Grace Hung
The Mediating Effect Of Self-Awareness In The Relations Of Self-Compassion And Training Variables To Therapist Self-Efficacy, I-Ching Grace Hung
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Therapist self-awareness is widely regarded by educators and clinicians as an essential factor that allows psychotherapists to treat clients effectively (Ridley, Mollen, & Kelly, 2011b). Accordingly, a central goal of therapist training is to increase self-awareness, which is believed to lead to important training outcomes, such as stronger trainee self-efficacy in clinical abilities (e.g., Barnes, 2004; Daniel, Roysircar, Abeles, & Boyd, 2004). Despite this common belief, there is a scarcity of theory and research on the role of self-awareness in affecting therapist training outcomes (Pieterse, Lee, Ritmeester, & Collins, 2013). Using a Social Cognitive Model of Counselor Training (SCMCT; Larson, …
Mediation Of Recurrent Hypoglycemia's Physiological And Behavioral Effects In The Hippocampus By Glucocorticoids, Danielle Osborne
Mediation Of Recurrent Hypoglycemia's Physiological And Behavioral Effects In The Hippocampus By Glucocorticoids, Danielle Osborne
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) occurs with the over administration of insulin resulting in severe hypoglycemia on a repetitive basis. This occurs most commonly among Type I Diabetics who rely on exogenous insulin replacement for management of their disease; however it is becoming increasingly common among Type II Diabetics. Although cognitive deficits are reported during hypoglycemia, the period following restoration of euglycemia has been denoted by improved hippocampally-mediated short-term and working memory in humans and rodents, respectively. RH is also associated with an altered glucocorticoid secretion profile in response to hypoglycemia. In vitro and in vivo approaches were utilized with the goal …
Examining The Role Of Resiliency, Sympathetic Nervous System, And Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis In Moderating The Link Between Community Violence And Psychopathology In Children And Adolescents, Ari Neal Rabkin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research suggests that community violence exposure in children appears to be widespread and likely places children at a higher risk for aggression. However, not all children exposed to community violence develop behavioral problems. Interest has centered on possible moderating factors that may affect the relationship between community violence and later aggression, including biological reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and supportive resiliency factors. Exposure to violence may be related to an asymmetry between SNS and HPA axis activation, whereas resiliency factors may buffer the effect of community violence. To date, however, few studies have …
Proprioception And Literacy In The Digital Realm, Paul Michael Rappoccio
Proprioception And Literacy In The Digital Realm, Paul Michael Rappoccio
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Drawing on research in the fields of neuroscience, reading cognition, and the history of writing, the author explores the condition of reading today. Rather than accepting the apocalyptic pronouncements that the Internet is "dumbing down" current readers, the author argues for a more nuanced understanding of the effects of digital media. He argues that the literacies needed for the new digital realm are not new, but are literacies developed over thousands of years. The author argues for the need of more education and instruction in the use of digital media, and that the digital realm requires new proprioceptive (spatial awareness) …
The Peer Environment, Body Dissatisfaction, And Disordered Eating, Erin Elizabeth Reilly
The Peer Environment, Body Dissatisfaction, And Disordered Eating, Erin Elizabeth Reilly
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Body dissatisfaction has long been implicated as an important etiological factor in the development and maintenance of disordered eating; however, despite the high rates of body dissatisfaction observed within the general population, only a small fraction of individuals develop clinical levels of eating pathology. The current study endeavors to test whether variables related to the peer context may be helpful in better predicting when body dissatisfaction may lead to eating disordered behavior. Undergraduates (N = 500, 63.6% female) completed various questionnaires related to body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and the peer environment. Results indicated that various types of peer commentary were …
The Role Of Relational And Item Specific Processing In The Survival Advantage Across English And Spanish, Crystal J. Robinson
The Role Of Relational And Item Specific Processing In The Survival Advantage Across English And Spanish, Crystal J. Robinson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current paper examines the effects of survival processing relative to item specific and relational processing on recall for both English monolinguals and Spanish-English bilinguals. It has been suggested that both item specific and relational processing play an important role in the survival advantage (Burns, Hart, Griffith, & Burns, 2012; Burns, Hwang, & Burns, 2011). However, to date, the generalizability of this advantage has yet to be examined cross-linguistically. In two studies, participants were asked to make survival relevance ratings, pleasantness ratings, and to categorize a set of words from either common taxonomic or ad hoc categories. Spanish-English bilinguals performed …
The Role Of Glucose Transporter 4 During Cognitive Enhancement By Angiotensin Iv, Leslie Ann Sandusky
The Role Of Glucose Transporter 4 During Cognitive Enhancement By Angiotensin Iv, Leslie Ann Sandusky
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized behaviorally by profound cognitive impairment. Currently, there is no cure for this disorder and available therapeutics only slow the progression of cognitive decline in a subset of the AD population Recent research has shifted to upregulation of the insulin signaling pathway as a mechanism to restore cognition in the AD population, as this system is known to be impaired in the AD brain. A possible novel therapeutic for the treatment of cognitive impairment is Angiotensin IV (Ang IV). Ang IV is an endogenous pentapeptide inhibitor of the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) and …
Testing Counselor Trainees' Self-Efficacy For Identifying Behavioral Indicators Of The Working Alliance In Family Therapy : Can Self-Efficacy Be Induced Through Feedback?, William H. Spears
Testing Counselor Trainees' Self-Efficacy For Identifying Behavioral Indicators Of The Working Alliance In Family Therapy : Can Self-Efficacy Be Induced Through Feedback?, William H. Spears
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study investigated the influence of self-efficacy (SE) on performance in a counseling-related task. Specifically, four experimental self-efficacy (SE) groups were compared in their performance using the SOFTA-o (Friedlander, Escudero, & Heatherington, 2006) to identify clients' alliance-related behaviors in a videotaped vignette of a simulated family therapy session. Following a baseline trial with a similar vignette (Trial 1), 112 counselor trainees were randomly assigned to receive no feedback (Control) or bogus comparison feedback indicating that their Trial 1 performance was superior (High SE), similar (Mildly Negative/average SE), or poor (Low SE) relative to peers. Correspondingly, the experiment tested three …
The Role Of Organizational Politics, Justice, And Trust On Work Outcomes, David Swiderski
The Role Of Organizational Politics, Justice, And Trust On Work Outcomes, David Swiderski
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Political behaviors that are driven by self-interest are a common part of every organization yet little research has been done to examine their relationship to work outcomes (Ferris et al., 2002). The purpose of the present study is to explore two possible mediators that play a role in the relationship between organizational politics and work outcomes. Using social exchange theory as a foundation, organizational justice and trust were thought to mediate the relationship between organization politics and relevant work outcomes, including affective commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors, and perceived organizational support. Empirical data showed that interactional justice mediated the relationship between …
Coping With Negative Emotion In Middle Childhood : Relationship To Temperament And Psychopathology, Kristen Uhl
Coping With Negative Emotion In Middle Childhood : Relationship To Temperament And Psychopathology, Kristen Uhl
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Children are exposed to various stressors throughout development. Research has demonstrated that childhood stressors can negatively affect adjustment, and that children's temperament and coping impact the effects of stress on adjustment. The current study examines children's coping responses to situations eliciting anger, sadness, fear, and worry in a sample of 191 children (102 boys, 89 girls; mean age = 9.57 years, SD=0.57) recruited from a suburban school district. Additionally, the predictive relationship of temperament variables on coping strategy use is explored. Finally, coping and temperament's effect on the development of psychopathology is investigated. Results show that children reported using more …
Effects Of Acute Stress And Gender On Decision-Making, Stephanie Elaine Wemm
Effects Of Acute Stress And Gender On Decision-Making, Stephanie Elaine Wemm
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current study examined the effects of a social stressor on subsequent performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and the role of sex on this relationship. Fifty-six participants (24 men and 32 women) were assigned randomly to a social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) or a control condition while their subjective emotional reactions and their physiological arousal (skin conductance and heart rate) were measured. Findings showed that participants in the stress condition responded with higher skin-conductance levels and heart rate during the social stressor, in addition to reporting greater negative affect directly following the social stressor. They also made …
A Latent Profile Analysis Of Posttraumatic Stress And Depressive Symptoms In Adolescents, Shawn A. Wilson
A Latent Profile Analysis Of Posttraumatic Stress And Depressive Symptoms In Adolescents, Shawn A. Wilson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study examines how posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms co-occur during early adolescence. Data for participants in the present study were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on the data from 818 adolescents aged 11 to 14 who self-identified as Black, Latino, or White. A three-class solution was selected as an optimal fit for the data based on fit indices and ease of interpretation. The LPA indicated that PTS and depressive symptoms tended to co-occur in a dimensional manner, with the classes differing only in terms of the …
The Effects Of Harsh Parenting And Interparental Aggression Experienced In Youth On The Sympathetic Nervous System, Samantha Aldea Barry
The Effects Of Harsh Parenting And Interparental Aggression Experienced In Youth On The Sympathetic Nervous System, Samantha Aldea Barry
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study examines the link between aggression experienced during childhood and/or adolescence and indicators of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during adulthood. Participants completed self-report questionnaires regarding interparental aggression and harsh parenting exposure during childhood and adolescence (155 adults; mean age = 19.0 years old; 76.1% Caucasian/white; 53.5% female). SNS activation was measured by resting skin conductance level (SCL). Results of this study indicate a sex-specific and time-specific pattern of the effects of aggression on SNS activity. Among males, exposure to more harsh parenting in addition to more interparental aggression during childhood is associated with lower resting SCL. Among …
What You See Is What You Forget : Alcohol Cue Exposure, Affect, And The Misinformation Effect, Camille Crocken Barnes
What You See Is What You Forget : Alcohol Cue Exposure, Affect, And The Misinformation Effect, Camille Crocken Barnes
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Previous research has suggested that both alcohol cues and positive affect increase the tendency to incorporate false information into memory. This series of studies sought to determine if affect mediates the influence of alcohol cues on incorporation of false information into memory. Initially, a pilot study was completed to determine the individual differences that predict which individuals experience a heightening of positive affect following visualization exercises involving alcoholic beverages. Next, a study was conducted to determine if this affect increase from exposure to alcohol cues leads to increased acceptance of misinformation into memory. Participants' memories were tested while they were …
Working Mothers' Work And Family Satisfaction : The Influence Of Time Demands And Time-Based Conflict, Lauren Berger
Working Mothers' Work And Family Satisfaction : The Influence Of Time Demands And Time-Based Conflict, Lauren Berger
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study sought to examine a comprehensive model of work-family conflict and family-work conflict for working mothers. Specifically, the study tested time-based work-family conflict and time-based family-work conflict as mediators of the relations between the predictor variables of work hours, work demands, and family demands, and the outcome variables of work satisfaction and family satisfaction. It was expected that time-based work-family conflict and time-based family-work conflict would fully mediate these relations. A total of 677 working mothers in the United States participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized fully mediating model, as well …
Relationships Between Breastfeeding, Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy, And The Cognitive Functioning Of Akwesasne Mohawk Adolescents Exposed To Environmental Pollution, Georgia Brooke
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Previous research has suggested that breastfeeding is beneficial for children's health and that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is harmful for children's health. However, there is not a consensus in the existing literature about whether or not these two maternal behaviors impact the cognitive development of children. Furthermore, understanding the role of breastfeeding in children's development is complicated by the fact that breastfeeding transmits toxicants that are stored in the mother's body, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), to the infant. Existing research suggests that PCBs negatively impact children's cognitive functioning. The current study examined relationships between breastfeeding, maternal cigarette smoking during …
The Effects Of Trust And Perceived Supervisor And Organizational Support On Employees' Attitudes And Behavior, Rebecca Lauren Burnheimer
The Effects Of Trust And Perceived Supervisor And Organizational Support On Employees' Attitudes And Behavior, Rebecca Lauren Burnheimer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Previous research has identified perceived supervisor support (PSS; Eisenberger et al., 1986) as a major contributing factor in the development of perceived organizational support (POS; Eisenberger et al., 1986), which has been found to lead to higher levels of positive work attitudes and behaviors. However, researchers have not yet explored the ways in which employees come to feel supported by their supervisors (i.e., how does PSS develop?). Based on social exchange theory (Blau, 1964; Thibaut & Kelley, 1959), the current study assessed the relation of employees' trust in their supervisor to PSS. This study also attempted to replicate the relationships …
Performance = Ability X Motivation : Exploring Untested Moderators Of A Popular Model, Christopher Patrick Cerasoli
Performance = Ability X Motivation : Exploring Untested Moderators Of A Popular Model, Christopher Patrick Cerasoli
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
It seems a self-evident truism to many that performance at school and work is determined by the extent to which one "can do" and one "will do" the task effectively. Grounded in this logic, research, practice, and textbooks in industrial-organizational psychology over the past 60 years have supported the notion that performance is a multiplicative function of ability and motivation, such that P = f(AXM) (where P = performance, A = ability, and M = motivation). In this study, I addressed four issues surrounding this multiplicative model. First, I began by exploring whether and when multiplicative (versus simpler additive) models …
Does The Supervisory Working Alliance Moderate Psychotherapy Trainee's Personal Distress Empathy And Trait Arousability As Predictors Of Vicarious Traumatization, Jill Eileen Deltosta
Does The Supervisory Working Alliance Moderate Psychotherapy Trainee's Personal Distress Empathy And Trait Arousability As Predictors Of Vicarious Traumatization, Jill Eileen Deltosta
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study sought to contribute to the extant literature regarding clinical training and Vicarious Traumatization (VT; McCann & Pearlman, 1990) by exploring aspects of clinical supervision and psychology trainee characteristics as antecedents. By replicating and extending dissertation work by Fama (2003) and Moosman (2002), this study specifically investigated the supervisory working alliance (SWA; Bahrick), personal distress empathy (PDE; Davis, 1983), and trait arousability (TA; Mehrabian, 1995) as they relate to VT in psychology trainees. It was hypothesized that SWA would moderate the relations between PDE and VT, as well as between TA and VT, such that as working alliance increased, …
Adaptive Behavior Deficits In Children With Autism As Predictors Of Parenting Stress And Family Quality Of Life, Stephanie A. Fox
Adaptive Behavior Deficits In Children With Autism As Predictors Of Parenting Stress And Family Quality Of Life, Stephanie A. Fox
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study examines the influence of child adaptive behavior deficits on parenting stress and family quality of life (FQOL) among a sample of families with children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study used measures completed by families who were participants in a Parent Education Program designed to teach families about ASD. Parents completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II; Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Balla, 2005), the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-4-SF; Abidin, 1995), and The Family Quality of Life Survey (FQOLS; Hoffman, Marquis, Poston, Summers, & Turnbull, 2006). Differences among mothers and fathers in …
Understanding Whites' Colorblind Racial Attitudes : The Role Of Intergroup Anxiety And Psychological Flexibility, Alexa Hanus
Understanding Whites' Colorblind Racial Attitudes : The Role Of Intergroup Anxiety And Psychological Flexibility, Alexa Hanus
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Colorblind racial attitudes are described as the denial or minimization of race and racism (Neville et al., 2000), which may silence accounts of racial discrimination and lead White Americans to ignore their racial privileges, ultimately supporting and reproducing racial inequality in the US (Bonilla-Silva, 2001). Alarmingly, colorblind attitudes are the dominant racial ideology among White Americans (Lewis, 2004), and inform the way White adults talk to their children about race (Schofeild, 2007). The current study explored the development and maintenance of Whites' colorblind attitudes, using ideas from Stephan and Stephan's (1985) theory of intergroup anxiety, Helm's (1995) theory of White …
Impact Of The Peers Intervention On Performance-Based Measures Of Social Skills Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Laura S. Hiruma
Impact Of The Peers Intervention On Performance-Based Measures Of Social Skills Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Laura S. Hiruma
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study examines the efficacy of a trial of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS; Laugeson & Frankel, 2010), which is a manualized group social skills intervention designed to improve the social functioning of teens with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, the study examined the use of performance-based outcome measures (in addition to traditional report measures) to assess the social skills of teens participating in the PEERS intervention. These performance-based measures of social skills included the Social Performance Rating Scale (SPRS; Fydrich, Chambless, Perry, Buergener, & Beazley, 1998), in which observers rated participants' social …
Receptivity Of Capital Jurors To Mitigating Factors Of Mental Illness, Intellectual Disability, And Situational Impairments In Death Penalty Decisions : The Capital Trial Analyzed As A Mitigating "Weight And Counterweight" To Premature Decisions And Pro-Death Bias, Leona Deborah Jochnowitz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This research presents aspects of juror receptivity to mitigating factors of mental, cognitive/intellectual and situational impairments in capital sentencing decisions. The study examined types of mental factors, as well as the gender of defendants, the aggravating nature of the crime and victim vulnerability. An exploratory cross-tabulation analysis evaluated the percentages and relationships between juror closed-ended CJP survey responses to mental sentencing factors and mental evidence presented at trial for 38 cases. While the sample size was too small in some cells for significance testing, the percentages demonstrated patterns. A detailed qualitative analysis of 12 cases with strong evidence of mental …
Release From Proactive Interference : The Impact Of Emotional And Semantic Shifts On Recall Performance, Hugh Knickerbocker
Release From Proactive Interference : The Impact Of Emotional And Semantic Shifts On Recall Performance, Hugh Knickerbocker
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Proactive interference (PI) occurs when the recall of newly learned information is blocked by previously learned information (e.g., recalling an old list of food items when trying to recall a current list of food items during grocery shopping). Release from PI occurs when newly learned information is recalled without interference from previously learned information. Release from PI has been observed when making changes to the to-be-remembered items. Experiment 1 found significant release from PI when category shifted from a neutral category to an emotion category or an emotion-laden category. Experiments 2 and 3 compared the release from PI when shifting …
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cognitive and memory impairments significantly affect multiple domains in life and play major roles in disease. Identifying critical mechanisms and factors that mediate memory consolidation and enhancement may represent an important approach for increasing cognition in normal adults and preventing or treating cognitive impairments. The expression of the C/EBP- target gene insulin-like growth factor 2, (IGF-II) is required for memory consolidation; furthermore, IGF-II administration during memory consolidation produces memory enhancement, increased memory persistence and prevents forgetting. In this thesis, I investigated the therapeutic potential of IGF-II to promote memory consolidation when administered systemically. In addition, I investigated one particularly interesting …
Public And Private Goal Commitment : Self-Control And Choice, Rebekah L. Layton
Public And Private Goal Commitment : Self-Control And Choice, Rebekah L. Layton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Public precommitment to a goal may drive goal achievement. This work explores the effects of public precommitment on goal achievement using the limited-resource model of self-control. Goal commitment which alters future choices available by inflicting a self-imposed cost for giving up is called precommitment. Public commitment to a goal can be viewed as precommitment by imposing a social cost for failure (e.g., anticipated embarrassment). This may facilitate goal pursuit through two processes: First, by shifting the cost earlier in the process via the structural route in which goal-setting processes may deplete self-control resources initially (Studies 1 and 2), while improving …
Trends In The Effect Of Economic Insecurity On The Allocation Of Household Expenditures In The U.S., 1980-2005, Kirsten Bartlett Lauber
Trends In The Effect Of Economic Insecurity On The Allocation Of Household Expenditures In The U.S., 1980-2005, Kirsten Bartlett Lauber
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The transition to late-capitalism in the U.S. has generated extensive societal change. This paper examines the intersection of three of these changes: the transition to a consumer-oriented economic and societal model, the increase of economic insecurity experienced by individuals and households and the heightened emphasis on a short-term orientation in individual decision-making. A review of literature from the fields of Sociology, Economics and Psychology describes differing understandings of how individuals react to the heightened economic insecurity that households experience under late-capitalism. Within mainstream Economics', theoretical and empirical work suggests that individuals respond to insecurity by reducing spending and maximizing long-term …
School Psychologists' Early Numeracy Training And Practices, Jia Liu-Trofimovsky
School Psychologists' Early Numeracy Training And Practices, Jia Liu-Trofimovsky
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
An emergent area of research pertains to early numeracy, or number sense. Early numeracy plays a significant role in the development of mathematics skills, and researchers have recognized its importance for overall academic achievement. This study surveyed practicing school psychologists to investigate current early numeracy training and practices. A nationwide sample of 279 school psychologists completed a Web-based survey modeled after the available early numeracy research. The majority of individuals reported receiving at least one professional development training for academic concerns per year. A larger number of participants had training for reading and early literacy compared to early numeracy. Related …
The Role Of Progestogen Neurosteroids In Behaviors Relevant For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Danielle Christine Llaneza
The Role Of Progestogen Neurosteroids In Behaviors Relevant For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Danielle Christine Llaneza
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects children across the U.S. and is characterized by deficits in social communication and restrictive/repetitive behaviors, for which few therapeutic interventions have been successful. Steroid hormones, such as progesterone (P4) and its metabolite, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), can exert neuroprotective effects, influence synaptic morphology, mediate behavioral outcomes, and influence stress-responding. In this thesis, the behaviors and baseline levels of the stress hormone, corticosterone, P4, and 3α,5α-THP are investigated in BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a proposed ASD model. It was hypothesized that BTBR mice would show abnormalities in behaviors and in levels of steroids and neuroendocrine factors. Results …