Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Aging (4)
- Depression (2)
- Experience sampling (2)
- Speech (2)
- Adolescents (1)
-
- Affect (1)
- Alzheimer Disease (1)
- Amyloid (1)
- Anticipatory (1)
- Anticipatory anxiety (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attentional control (1)
- Category learning (1)
- Children (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Conflict adaptation (1)
- Congruency sequence effect (1)
- Consummatory (1)
- Conversation (1)
- Cortical thickness (1)
- Decision making (1)
- Delay discounting (1)
- Diffusion model (1)
- Displeasure (1)
- Early childhood (1)
- Ecological momentary assessment (1)
- Episodic memory (1)
Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Process Dissociation Analyses Of Memory Changes In Healthy Aging, Preclinical, And Very Mild Alzheimer Disease: Evidence For Isolated Recollection Deficits, Peter R. Millar
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recollection and familiarity are independent processes that contribute to memory performance. Recollection is dependent on attentional control, which breaks down in early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD), whereas familiarity is independent of attention. The present study examines the sensitivity of recollection estimates based on Jacoby’s (1991) process dissociation procedure to AD-related biomarkers in a large sample of well-characterized cognitively normal older adults (N = 519) and the extent to which recollection discriminates these individuals from individuals with very mild symptomatic AD (N = 64). Participants studied word pairs, e.g., “knee bone,” then completed a primed, explicit, cued fragment-completion memory task, e.g., “knee …
What Does Your Major Say About You? Selection, Socialization, And Person-Environment Fit In The Context Of Personality Development, Leah Schultz
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A young adult’s years spent at a four-year undergraduate institution constitute a critical time in human development. With the vast array of social, academic, and extracurricular options available for an undergraduate to explore, it is unsurprising that during this time, individuals change in relatively drastic ways compared to other parts of the lifespan (Arnett, 2000; Donnellan, Conger, & Burzette, 2007). A dizzying array of factors may contribute to an individual’s development during the college years: being away from home for the first time, interacting with professors, TAs, friends, and romantic partners, and involvement in academic projects, internships, and university organizations …
The Effect Of Social Anxiety On Social Support Behavior In Close Friendships, Marilyn Piccirillo
The Effect Of Social Anxiety On Social Support Behavior In Close Friendships, Marilyn Piccirillo
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Quality of interpersonal relationships is a strong predictor of mental and physical health outcomes (Cacioppo, & Hawkley, 2003) and individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) report increased relationship impairment (Schneier et al., 1994). Evidence from the interpersonal literature suggests that individuals with SAD exhibit interpersonal constraint, in that they rate themselves as colder and more restricted in the amount of warmth they display with close others (Rodebaugh, Bielak, Vidovic, & Moscovitch, 2016). This study aimed to determine behavioral differences in the provision and receipt of support behaviors as a function of generalized SAD (GSAD). Participants (n = 92) and their …
Approaching Individual Differences Questions In Cognitive Control: A Case Study Of The Ax-Cpt, Shelly Cooper
Approaching Individual Differences Questions In Cognitive Control: A Case Study Of The Ax-Cpt, Shelly Cooper
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Investigating individual differences in cognition requires addressing questions not often thought about in standard experimental designs, especially those regarding the psychometrics of a task. The purpose of the present study is to use the AX-CPT cognitive control task as a representative case study example to address four concerns that may impact the ability to answer questions related to individual differences. First, the importance of a task's true score variance for evaluating potential failures to replicate predicted individual differences effects is demonstrated. Second, evidence is provided that Internet-based studies (e.g., MTurk) can exhibit comparable, or even higher true score variance than …
Meta-Emotions In Daily Life: Associations With Emotional Awareness And Depression, Natasha Haradhvala
Meta-Emotions In Daily Life: Associations With Emotional Awareness And Depression, Natasha Haradhvala
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Meta-emotions are emotions that occur in response to other emotions (e.g., guilt about anger). Although preliminary evidence indicates that depression is associated with a greater likelihood of meta-emotions, much remains unknown about meta-emotions, including how regularly they are experienced and whether emotional awareness constructs (including attention to and clarity of emotion) influence their occurrence. In the present study, we aim to establish norms for meta-emotions in everyday life, determine whether increased emotional awareness is associated with a greater likelihood of meta-emotions, and examine whether negative emotions about negative emotions (negative-negative meta-emotional experiences) are associated with depressive severity. We recruited an …
Letter Teaching In Parent–Child Conversations, Molly Farry-Thorn
Letter Teaching In Parent–Child Conversations, Molly Farry-Thorn
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Societies engage in cross-generational transfers of information, enabling cultural transmission of skills such as tool use and language (Tomasello, 2001). Reading and spelling are two of the most important cultural tools that are transferred to children in modern societies. This transfer begins with informal experiences in the home and continues with formal teaching at school. One skill that is critical to a child’s success during the first years of reading and spelling instruction is decoding, which is the ability to sound out written words. Decoding ability depends, in part, on a child’s knowledge of letters (Lonigan, Burgess, & Anthony, 2000). …
Examining Criterion A: Dsm-5 Level Of Personality Functioning As Assessed Through Life Story Interviews, Patrick Cruitt
Examining Criterion A: Dsm-5 Level Of Personality Functioning As Assessed Through Life Story Interviews, Patrick Cruitt
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Several studies have examined the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) from the DSM-5 as rated using diagnostic interviews conducted by trained clinicians (Few et al., 2013; Zimmermann et al., 2014). These studies have demonstrated the reliability and validity of the LPFS, but suffer from a common limitation, namely, that diagnostic interviews probe specifically for information pertaining to functioning. This probing may inflate reliability and introduce confounds into the assessment of functioning. The purpose of the current analyses is to examine the reliability and validity of personality functioning ratings obtained in the absence of information pertaining to personality disorder criteria. …
Decision Making In Older Adults: A Comparison Of Delay And Probability Discounting Across, Ariana Vanderveldt
Decision Making In Older Adults: A Comparison Of Delay And Probability Discounting Across, Ariana Vanderveldt
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The value of an outcome is affected both by the delay until its receipt (delay discounting) and by the likelihood of its receipt (probability discounting). The discounting framework has greatly aided in modeling and understanding decision-making, particularly in the areas of impulsivity, but these findings have overwhelmingly been based on research with young adults. In three experiments, the current study extended the discounting framework by examining choice by older adults. Experiments 1 and 2 found that both young and older adults discounted delayed outcomes and probabilistic outcomes and that their choices were well-described by the same hyperboloid model. Both young …
Dynamic Adjustments Of Cognitive Control In Healthy Aging: A Diffusion Model Analysis, Andrew Jacob Aschenbrenner
Dynamic Adjustments Of Cognitive Control In Healthy Aging: A Diffusion Model Analysis, Andrew Jacob Aschenbrenner
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The control of attention over salient yet irrelevant information is a critical component of goal-directed behavior. Compared to younger adults, older adults often produce larger interference effects in tasks which tap selective attention, a deficit that has typically been viewed as reflecting an age-related decline in attentional control processes. Interference in distinct, attentionally demanding tasks has produced different influences on the characteristics of underlying response time distributions leading to the assumption of different control mechanisms operating across various paradigms. More recently, accumulating research has shown that the magnitude of observed interference can be critically modulated by the congruency of the …
Perceiving Oldness In Parietal Cortex: Fmri Characterization Of A Parietal Memory Network, Adrian Gilmore
Perceiving Oldness In Parietal Cortex: Fmri Characterization Of A Parietal Memory Network, Adrian Gilmore
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The manner in which the human brain recognizes certain stimuli as novel or familiar is a matter of ongoing investigation. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to improve our understanding of how this may be accomplished. More specifically, work contained herein focuses on a recently described "parietal memory network" (PMN; Gilmore et al., 2015) that shows opposite patterns of activity when perceiving novel or familiar stimuli: deactivating in response to novelty, and activating in response to familiarity. Critically, our understanding of this network is based on explicit memory tasks, in which subjects are deliberately instructed to learn or remember …
The Interaction Of Crystallized And Fluid Abilities In Aging And Speech Perception, Avanti Dey
The Interaction Of Crystallized And Fluid Abilities In Aging And Speech Perception, Avanti Dey
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In a series of studies, I examined the degree to which fluid and crystallized abilities contribute to and interact during speech perception. During the aging process, crystallized abilities (e.g., linguistic and word knowledge) are largely preserved, while fluid abilities involved in the online manipulation of information (e.g., working memory and inhibitory control) decline with age. Importantly, these two components are critical for successful speech perception and comprehension. While prior research has proposed that older adults rely on crystallized knowledge to compensate for cognitive deficits in difficult listening conditions, this hypothesis has not been directly tested. Younger and older adults completed …
Utilizing Multiple-Level Category Information To Enhance Category Learning: Theoretical And Practical Considerations In Application To Authentic Natural Categories, Toshiya Miyatsu
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Category learning is ubiquitous in science education. From botany courses teaching to identify different types of plants to geology courses teaching to distinguish various types of rocks, examples of category learning being a core of a course curriculum can be easily found. Using the educationally authentic rock categories, the current project examined whether category learning at a broad level (i.e., distinguishing between Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rocks) could be enhanced by using category information at a more specific level (e.g., Harzburgite under Igneous, Breccia under Sedimentary, etc.). Both in Experiment 1 (broad- and specific- level information were presented simultaneously) and …
Anticipatory And Consummatory Pleasure And Displeasure In Major Depressive Disorder: An Experience Sampling Study, Haijing Wu
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pleasure and displeasure can be parsed into anticipatory and consummatory phases. However, existing research on pleasure and displeasure in major depressive disorder (MDD), a disorder characterized by anhedonia, has largely focused on deficits in the consummatory phase and most studies have been laboratory-based. Using experience sampling, we compared anticipatory and consummatory pleasure and displeasure for activities in the daily lives of adults with MDD (n = 41) and in healthy controls (n = 39). Participants carried electronic devices for one week and were randomly prompted eight times a day to answer questions about activities that they most and …
Suicide Attempts From Adolescence Into Young Adulthood: A System Dynamics Perspective For Intervention And Prevention, Saras Yu Chung
Suicide Attempts From Adolescence Into Young Adulthood: A System Dynamics Perspective For Intervention And Prevention, Saras Yu Chung
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Though the reduction of suicide-related deaths has been a national priority for over a decade (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) and over $22 million per year (National Institutes of Health, 2015) have been invested to prevent suicide, rates of suicide have not declined (CDC, 2012). In fact, for some groups of adolescents, these rates seem to be on the ride (Wasserman, Cheng, & Jiang, 2005). The ineffectiveness in reducing deaths by suicide despite increased funding and coordinated efforts suggests the need for a new perspective on examining why and how adolescents begin to desire and attempt suicide …
Anxious Anticipation Of A Social Threat And Its Effect On Time Estimation, Natasha April Tonge
Anxious Anticipation Of A Social Threat And Its Effect On Time Estimation, Natasha April Tonge
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Time perception is a well-studied phenomenon; however, subjective experience of time and its relationship to affective states has received comparatively less attention in the literature (Grondin, 2010). Recently, it was suggested that anticipatory anxiety may also lead to an overestimation effect regarding angry faces in socially anxious individuals (Jusyte et al., 2014). In the present study, participants completed two temporal bisection tasks (TBT) in which they were asked to categorize a stimulus as being of short or long duration. Between the tasks, participants were to present a speech that served to provoke anxiety. In the present study, I aimed to …
Rostral Middle Frontal Gyrus Thickness Is Associated With Perceived Stress And Depressive Symptomatology, Lindsay J. Michalski
Rostral Middle Frontal Gyrus Thickness Is Associated With Perceived Stress And Depressive Symptomatology, Lindsay J. Michalski
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Elevated stress perception and depression commonly co-occur and have shared genetic and environmental influences, suggesting they may rest upon a common underlying neurobiology. The rostral middle frontal gyrus (RMFG), part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, is critical for executive function, including emotion regulation and working memory. Variability in RMFG cortical thickness has been associated with both depression and stress-related phenotypes, although the directionality of these associations has been inconsistent thus far. The current study examined healthy participants (n=879) who completed the ongoing family-based Human Connectome Project were included in analyses. RMFG cortical thickness was computed from structural magnetic resonance imaging …