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An Exploratory Study Of Varying Phenotypes Of Posttraumatic Stress Among A Comorbid Substance Misuse Population, Dennis Allen Donahue

Doctoral Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore differences in presentation of posttraumatic distress (PTD) that may represent different phenotypes, such as a possible cognitively-driven variant, in addition to those rooted in the prevailing conditioned-fear model. In conjunction, links to substance misuse and a purposeful selection bias for specific drugs-of-choice (DoC) based on phenotype variation were examined. Method: A convenience sample of inpatients in residential treatment for substance misuse who also endorsed posttraumatic distress following at least one previous traumatic experience (N = 177) completed self-report assessments and an in-person direct inquiry. Results: Hierarchical cluster analysis and ANOVA …

Politeness Theory: Compliance And Paralinguistic Cooperation, Jamie Jacqueline Osborn

Doctoral Dissertations

Abstract

This manuscript is comprised of three research studies focused on politeness, shame, and cooperation. Study one is a pretest to develop stimuli for the subsequent experiment. The stimuli are comprised of messages that vary by both the type and degree of politeness. There are two types of politeness: regard for another’s identity and regard another’s independence (autonomy). There are also two degrees of politeness: presence and absence of regard. Presence of regard is considered politeness and absence of regard is considered impoliteness. This creates four conditions: identity politeness, autonomy politeness, identity impoliteness, and autonomy impoliteness. This study included exemplars …

Neural Correlates Of Individuation And Subordinate-Level Categorization Of Other-Race Faces In Infancy, Kelly Roth

Doctoral Dissertations

Perceptual narrowing is a domain-general process in which infants move from a broad sensitivity to a wide range of stimuli to developing expertise within often experienced native stimuli (Maurer & Werker, 2014). One outcome of this is the own-race bias, characterized by an increasing difficulty in discriminating other-race faces with age and experience for those raised in a racially homogenous environment (Anzures, Quinn, Pascalis, Slater, Tanaka, & Lee, 2013). Recent theorists have proposed that this is due to a categorization-individuation process, wherein infants begin to categorize non-native stimuli, such as other-species’ faces, but individuate native stimuli, such as often-experienced human …

“If I’Ve Got God On My Side, I Can Do It”: A Phenomenological Investigation Of The Lived Experiences Of Spirituality For Lds Ncaa Di Student-Athletes, Matthew J. Moore

Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of spirituality for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) student-athletes who also identified as members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). Using an existential phenomenological approach (Thomas & Pollio, 2002), nine interviews were conducted with four self-identified female and five self-identified male members of the LDS Church who were current NCAA DI athletes at the time of the study; they participated in four different DI sports (cross-country/track and field, football, soccer, and volleyball) and attended five different DI institutions. Their mean age was …

Identification Of Key Factors In Texture Aversion And Acceptance, Robert Pellegrino Jr

Doctoral Dissertations

All five senses contribute to the experience of eating, giving feedback on whether to continue or stop the process of consumption. Sensory feedback loops help the consumer modulate food ingestion by determining nutritional value and possible hazards. Texture is one sense integral to the eating process that may lead to a food being accepted or rejected. However, which specific oral textural features contribute to overall acceptance and rejection of a food is not well understood. In our first study, we used three different cultures, Poland, U.S.A., and Singapore, to explore common texture features in food. Our results show that all …

Recategorization Threat, Fear Of Fat, And Antifat Prejudice, Katherine Fritzlen

Doctoral Dissertations

Learning one is similar to a stigmatized group can threaten one’s identity and cause disassociation from that group. However, how would learning of an immutable similarity with a stigmatized outgroup, implying possible recategorization into that group, affect prejudice towards that group? In the current investigation, we explored how receiving feedback that one has a high genetic predisposition to become obese in the future affected implicitly- and explicitly-assessed antifat attitudes. Participants (N = 216) were provided feedback indicating they either did or did not have a high genetic predisposition for obesity, or given no feedback (control condition). We found for …