Digital Commons Network^™

Are Different Actions Mediated By Distinct Systems Of Knowledge In Infancy?, Peter Vishton

Peter Vishton

Perceptions Of Power In Conflict Situations, Samuel B. Bacharach, H. Andrew Michener, Edward J. Lawler

Edward J Lawler

Subjects rendered judgments regarding the power of the participants in a series of conflictual circumstances where an adversary threatened a target. These situations manipulated four independent variables: (a) the adversary's capacity to damage the target's interests, (b) the adversary's probability of actually attacking, (c) the target's ability to block the impending attack, and (d) the target's capacity to retaliate. Results showed that all of the independent variables affected the subjects' judgments of the adversary's power, while three of them (damage, blockage, and retaliation) affected judgments of the target's power. Differences in the predictive equations for judgments of adversary power and …

(Mis)Understanding Our Influence Over Others: A Review Of The Underestimation-Of-Compliance Effect, Vanessa K. Bohns

Vanessa K. Bohns

I review a burgeoning program of research examining people’s perceptions of their influence over others. This research demonstrates that people are overly pessimistic about their ability to get others to comply with their requests. Participants in our studies have asked more than 14,000 strangers a variety of requests. We find that participants underestimate the likelihood that the people they approach will comply with their requests. This error is robust (it persists across various samples and requests) and substantial (on average, requesters underestimate compliance by 48%). We find that this error results from requesters’ failure to appreciate the awkwardness of saying …

Reflections In A Mirror, Damian Cox

Damian Cox

In this paper, I develop a solution to the puzzle of mirror perception: why do mirrors appear to reverse the image of an object along a left/right axis and not around other axes, such as the top/bottom axis? I set out the different forms the puzzle takes and argue that one form of it – arguably the key form – has not been satisfactorily solved. I offer a solution in three parts: setting out the conditions in which an apparent left/right reversal of mirror images is generated; explaining why these conditions are so often met; explaining why we are cognitively …

Emerging Adulthood In North America: Identity Status And Perception Of Adulthood Among College Students From Canada And The United States, Karin Bartoszuk

Karin Bartoszuk

Effect Of Knowledge Of Apoe Genotype On Subjective And Objective Memory Performance In Healthy Older Adults, Tara Lineweaver, Mark Bondi, Douglas Galasko, David Salmon

Tara T. Lineweaver

Objective—The knowledge that one carries the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease was recently found to have little short-term psychological risk. The authors investigated the impact of knowledge of carrying the risk allele on subjective ratings of memory and objective memory test performance of older adults. Method—Using a nested case-control design, the authors administered objective verbal and visual memory tests and self-rating scales of memory function to 144 cognitively normal older adults (ages 52–89) with known APOE genotype who knew (ε4+, N=25; ε4−, N=49) or did not know (ε4+, N=25; ε4−, N=45) their genotype and genetic …

Ethical Perception Of University Students: Study Of Academic Dishonesty In Pakistan, Rana Rashid Rehman

Rana Rashid Rehman

The current research work aims to explore major activities performed by the university students during academic misconducts and their perception regarding such activities. The study further explores the ethical limits drawn by the students about academic dishonesty. Case study methodology is utilized in this research. Sixty-one post graduate and doctoral students were interviewed. Pattern analysis is conducted to analyze the information received through structured interviews of the participants. Study founds the key activities through which students are involved in such misconducts and make a comprehensive agreement on academic dishonesty that has become the normal part of life in education system …

Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth

Dawn L Vreven

Each frame of a Glass pattern consists of a random placement of dots and a spatially shifted copy of this pattern. Thus, each dot has a partner, forming dot-pair dipoles. When shown in succession, motion is perceived along the axis of the spatial shift. The perception of motion in dynamic Glass patterns is believed to be a two-stage process: first, local orientation detectors respond to the orientation signal in the dot-pair dipole; and second, global detectors integrate local orientation signals. We examined the ability to detect rotation in dynamic Glass patterns whose dipoles contained a) the same polarity, b) opposite …

Detecting Structure In Glass Patterns: An Interocular Transfer Study, Dawn Vreven, Jarrod Berge

Dawn L Vreven

Glass patterns are visual stimuli used here to study how local orientation signals are spatially integrated into global pattern perception. We measured a form aftereffect from adaptation to both static and dynamic Glass patterns and calculated the amount of interocular transfer to determine the binocularity of the detectors responsible for the perception of global structure. Both static and dynamic adaptation produced significant form aftereffects and showed a very high degree of interocular transfer, suggesting that Glass-pattern perception involves cortical processing beyond primary visual cortex. Surprisingly, dynamic adaptation produced significantly greater interocular transfer than static adaptation. Our results suggest a functional …

A Dissociation Between Perception And Action In The Material‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Jonathan Cant, Kai-Ling Kao, Melvyn Goodale

Gavin Buckingham

We examined what forces are applied to objects that elicit this illusion when they are lifted.We predicted that:

(1) Forces on early trials will scale to each participant’s expectations of how much a particular block will weigh ‐ excessive force will be applied to the metal block and insufficient force applied to the polystyrene block.

(2) Forces on later trials will scale to the real weight of each block ‐ identical levels of force applied to all the blocks.

(3) MWI will persist throughout ‐ polystyrene block will feel the heaviest, metal block will feel the lightest.

Planning To Reach For An Object Changes How The Reacher Perceives It., Peter Vishton, N J. Stephens, L A. Nelson, S E. Morra, Kaitlyn L. Brunick, Jennifer A. Stevens

Peter Vishton

Visual Adaptation To Masculine And Feminine Faces Influences Generalized Preferences And Perceptions Of Trustworthiness, Gavin Buckingham, L. Debruine, A. Little, L. Welling, C. Conway, B. Tiddeman, B. Jones

Gavin Buckingham

We compared the effects of adaptation to faces varying in sexual dimorphism of shape on perceptions of the trustworthiness and attractiveness of masculine faces.

Memory Perception And Strategy Use In Parkinson's Disease, Andrew Johnson, Carrie Pollard, Philip Vernon, Jennifer Tomes, Mandar Jog

Andrew M. Johnson

Although there is growing support for the existence of memory deficits within Parkinson's disease (PD), little has been done to evaluate the extent to which PD patients demonstrate differences in their use of metacognitive strategies. In the present study, 79 PD patients (46 men and 33 women) and 49 age-matched healthy participants (19 men and 30 women) were compared on a metamemory questionnaire. PD patients reported significantly less strategy-use than age-matched controls, particularly with regards to external memory strategies (such as making lists). This suggests that auxiliary treatments such as memory strategy training might be effective in this population.