Digital Commons Network^™

Nature Vs. Nurture: Are Leaders Born Or Made? A Behavior Genetic Investigation Of Leadership Style, Andrew Johnson, Philip Vernon, Julie Mccarthy, Mindy Molson, Julie Harris, Kerry Jang

Andrew M. Johnson

With the recent resurgence in popularity of trait theories of leadership, it is timely to consider the genetic determination of the multiple factors comprising the leadership construct. Individual differences in personality traits have been found to be moderately to highly heritable, and so it follows that if there are reliable personality trait differences between leaders and non-leaders, then there may be a heritable component to these individual differences. Despite this connection between leadership and personality traits, however, there are no studies of the genetic basis of leadership using modern behavior genetic methodology. The present study proposes to address the lack …

A Multi-Media Computer Application For Undergraduate Instruction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder As A Model, A. R. Arachy, Lisa (Miller) Zilinski, I. B. Johanson, L. M. Terry

Lisa Zilinski

The study of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be used as a model to understand neuro-biological mechanisms of behavior. Neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical studies of children with ADHD can be used to stimulate interest in these fields incorporating both clinical and basic issues. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of a multi-media computer application (Hyperstudio) in the presentation of complex neurobiological material using ADHD as a clinical example. The growing availability of computers and multi-media software in educational settings can enhance lectures and increase the opportunity for interactive study by students. The purpose of this paper …

Power Relationships In Graduate Degree Supervision, Marcus R. Wigan

Marcus R Wigan

Health States Following Head And Neck Cancer Treatment: Patient, Health-Care Professional, And Public Perspectives, Vishram Jalukar, Gerry Funk, Alan Christensen, Lucy Karnell, Patricia Moran

Alan J. Christensen

Background This study investigated the assignment of preference values to health states which may follow head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Preference values for these health states were provided by HNC patients, HNC health-care providers, and a group of college students representing individuals with little knowledge of HNC.

Methods A time trade-off technique was used by participants to assign preference values to four health states in the domains of appearance, eating, speech, breathing, pain, and work/social functioning.

Results Patients' and health-care professionals' rank-ordered preference value scores for health states in appearance, breathing, eating, and speech were not significantly different (p …

1. Where Researchers Fear To Tread: Interpretive Differences Among Testifying Experts In Child Sexual Abuse Cases., Thomas D. Lyon, Jonathan J. Koehler

Thomas D. Lyon

Patient Adaptation In Chronic Physical Illness: A Person By Context Interactive Framework, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Psychosomatic Research In End-Stage Renal Disease: A Framework, Alan Christensen, Patricia Moran

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Patient Adherence And Adjustment In End-Stage Renal Disease: Personality And Coping In Context, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Neuropsychological Profile As A Predictor For Treatment Outcome, J. Buttermore, M. Lubinski, Lisa (Duque Miller) Zilinski, J. Marsden, M. Rosselli

Lisa Zilinski

Research has demonstrated significant cognitive and behavioral deficits after chronic cocaine abuse. The cognitive effects have proven to affect mainly memory, attention, and conceptual processing. Depression and some developmental abnormalities have been demonstrated to represent frequent associated conditions in drug-abusers. A group of 20 cocaine abusers from a drug rehabilitation center was selected. A matched normal control group was taken. Subjects received a neuropsychological evaluation, a neuropsychiatric questionnaire, and a personality test. Significant differences between control and experiment groups were observed in tests for memory and executive functions. Cocaine-abuse subjects were observed to present different personality profiles from the control …

Treatment Outcome Of Personality Disorders, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: To review the treatment outcome of personality disorders.

Method: A literature search of studies pertaining to personality disorder and outcome was conducted, and studies that focused primarily on Axis II were retained. Of these, naturalistic outcome studies were distinguished from those that addressed treatment outcome specifically. The treatment outcome studies were examined in terms of type of treatment intervention, dependent variables, and outcome.

Results: Contrary to contemporary assumptions about Axis II, a substantial number of treatment outcome studies were identified. Trends in the assumptions underlying psychosocial and pharmacologic approaches were identified on the basis of dependent variables.

Conclusion: There …

"Humans And Animals"? On Saying What We Mean, Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess

Clinton D Chapman

Discusses the linguistic phrase of "humans and animals" to distinguish humans categorically from all other animal species, and its application to psychology. It is suggested that the habit of using the human–animal convention persists because the human–animal dichotomy is institutionalized in psychology. Psychologists who study humans and those how study nonhumans tend to use different methodologies to train graduate students accordingly. They often use different publication venues and occupy different spaces. Separate ethics and funding boards review their research protocols. The nature of nonhuman animal minds and evolution is discussed. It is proposed that unexamined use of human–animal language should …

“Humans And Animals”? On Saying What We Mean., Nancy K. Dess, Clinton D. Chapman

Nancy K Dess

In the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew, we heard a radio journalist say, “Not only were humans affected by the storm, birds and animals were affected, too.” The eccentric taxonomy was jarring: Humans and birds are animals. That malapropism, however, was only a variant of a linguistic convention: use of the phrase humans and animals to distinguish humans categorically from all other animal species. In everyday parlance, animals means not, and less than, human. The "animals" in "animal hospitals" are understood not to be human; the insult is clear in a snarled, "You're an animal!" The human-animal convention is alive and …

The Interaction Of Diet And Stress In Rats: High-Energy Food And Sucrose Treatment., Nancy K. Dess, Seung Choe, Thomas R. Minor

Nancy K Dess

Exposure to inescapable shock typically reduces eating and body weight in rats. The present study examined the modulation of stress effects by prestress diet and poststress sugar availability. Maintenance on a high-fat, high-energy food attenuated stress-induced weight loss and anorexia and increased high-energy food selection when a low-energy wet mash was the only alternative. Access to sugar after stress also reduced short-term weight loss; among rats maintained on high-energy food, body weight was spared absolutely. The dependence of stress effects on pre- and poststress diet alternatives may speak to individual differences in the stress-eating relationship in humans. More generally, these …

The Relationship Of Family Structure To Adolescent Drug Use, Peer Affiliation, And Perception Of Peer Acceptance Of Drug Use, Jeanne Jenkins, Sabina Zunguze

Jeanne E. Jenkins

Presents information on a study which examines the relationship of family structure to adolescent gateway drug use and peer-related factors. Method; Results; Discussion.

Sociometric Popularity And Peer-Perceived Popularity: Two Distinct Dimensions Of Peer Status, J.T. Parkhurst, Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

Andrea Hopmeyer Gorman

No abstract provided.

Relationship Of Family Structure To Adolescent Drug Use, Peer Affiliation, And Perception Of Peer Acceptance Of Drug Use, Jeanne Jenkins, Sabina Zunguze

Jeanne E. Jenkins

The sample consisted of 2,229 high school students who were administered a self-report instrument containing items measuring drug use and psychosocial variables. Dependent variables included frequency of use of five gateway drugs [cigarettes, marijuana, beer, wine coolers, and liquor], degree of affiliation with drug- using peers, and perceptions of peer acceptance of drugs. Comparison groups included single-parent [both mother- and father-headed], step-parent, and intact families. Analysis conducted separately by grade level revealed significant differences between groups on drug use variables in grades 8 and 10, with adolescents from intact families reporting less frequent drug use, fewer drug-using friends, and perceptions …

"Patient Adaptation In Chronic Physical Illness: A Person By Context Interactive Framework, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Honors Thesis: Personality Profile Of Chronic Cocaine Abusers, Lisa Zilinski

Lisa Zilinski

Research has demonstrated personality disorders related to the use of cocaine. These personality disorders are antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, and others. Significant cognitive and behavioral deficits are also found after chronic cocaine abuse. The cognitive effects have proven to affect memory, attention, and conceptual processing. Depression and some developmental abnormalities have been demonstrated to represent frequent associated conditions in drug-abusers. The object of this research was to summarize the personality disorders related to cocaine use and to describe any cognitive and neurocognitive deficits that may arise in chronic cocaine users. A group of 30 cocaine abusers from 2 drug rehabilitation …

Imaginings Of Parenthood: Artificial Insemination, Experts, Gender Relations, And Paternity, Jill G. Morawski

Jill G. Morawski

No abstract provided.

Event-Related Potentials And Serial Position Effects In A Visual Probe Recognition Task, Stephen L. Crites, James V. Devine, Dora I. Lozano, Selene Moreno

Stephen L Crites Jr.

In two experiments, we explored the utility of using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) evoked during picture recognition to examine the cognitive and neural processes underlying primacy and recency effects. Each experiment consisted of 210 trials in which a recognition probe followed a 12-picture sequence (105 match and 105 nonmatch trials). The 105 match-probe trials consisted of 35 trials in which the probe matched a prime memory set item (Positions 1–3), 35 in which the probe matched a middle memory set item (Positions 6–8), and 35 in which the probe matched a recent memory set item (Positions 10–12). Behavioral results revealed …

Predictors Of Student Satisfaction In University Residence Halls., John D. Foubert, Robin Tepper, Dan Morrison

John D. Foubert

Using a random sample of 1,000 students in college residence halls, a stepwise multiple regression was used to predict satisfaction with residence halls.

An All-Male Rape-Prevention Peer Education Program: Decreasing Fraternity Men’S Behavioral Intent To Rape., John D. Foubert, Marylu K. Mcewen

John D. Foubert

Participants were 155 fraternity men (88% White, mean age of 19.9, mostly sophomores and juniors) who were in either a pretested and posttested rape prevention program group, a posttested rape prevention program group, or an untreated control group. Significant declines in rape myth acceptance and behavioral intent to rape were shown among program participants regardless of whether they were pretested.

Changes In Patterns Of Thinking About Motion With L2 Acquisition, Gale Stam

Gale Stam, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

When And How Perfectionism Impedes The Brief Treatment Of Depression: Further Analyses Of The Nimh Tdcrp, Sidney J. Blatt, David C. Zuroff, Colin M. Bondi, Charles A. Sanislow, Paul A. Pilkonis

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Perfectionism has previously been identified as having a significant negative impact on therapeutic outcome at termination in the brief (16-week) treatment of depression (S. J. Blatt, D. M. Quinlan, P. A. Pilkonis, & T. Shea, 1995) as measured by the 5 primary outcome measures used in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP). The present analyses of other data from the TDCRP indicated that this impact of perfectionism on therapeutic outcome was also found in ratings by therapists, independent clinical evaluators, and the patients and that this effect persisted 18 months after termination. In …

4. Reasoning About Moral Aspects Of Illness And Treatment By Preschoolers Who Are Healthy Or Have A Chronic Illness., Pamela M. Kato, Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

The Unification Of Marketing And Assessment In Higher Education: A Model, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

A marketing assessment model that includes university outcome measures is presented. The model incorporates consumer expectations theory and marketing strategy. Findings indicate that student expectations vary among the undergraduate population. Marketing implications for student recruitment and retention efforts are offered

Merging Retention And Financial Aid In Enrollment Management By Market Segmentation, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald P

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

High school GPA, ACT score, academic effort, and financial need in predicting student retention risk are examined. The objective is to merge retention risk with financial aid and to explore the options available to the university. Financial aid leveraging is discussed in terms of product fit and positioning strategies

A Comparison Of Likert Response Formats In Student Affairs: The Abc's Of Assessment, Oscar T. Mcknight, Robin W. Gagnow, Sue Heimann

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

No abstract provided.