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Childhood Family Factors That Influenced The Enrollment Of College Students With Learning Disabilities, Abigail Kirk
Childhood Family Factors That Influenced The Enrollment Of College Students With Learning Disabilities, Abigail Kirk
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to use qualitative measures to investigate the childhood family factors that influenced the enrollment of college students with learning disabilities. Six participants were interviewed, all of whom were registered through the University Accessibility Center at a four-year university and were served at some point during their school years for a learning disability. Interviews were held in a confidential location and lasted approximately thirty minutes. The interview protocol was constructed in a way that allowed participants to reflect on their experiences and tell their story in their own manner. Planned prompts were included to solicit …
A Qualitative Analysis Of A Junior High School Eating Disorder Prevention Program, Janine Ruth Stickney
A Qualitative Analysis Of A Junior High School Eating Disorder Prevention Program, Janine Ruth Stickney
Theses and Dissertations
Past research conducted in the areas of diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders have provided information in regards to understanding the epidemiology, base rates, damages and longitudinal course of eating disorders. Few studies, however, have focused on prevention, especially in adolescents. In this particular study, students in a Utah junior high school health class received preventative curriculum called, Eating Disorders: Physical, Social, and Emotional Consequences. Ten, female participants were then interviewed to explore their thoughts and feelings about their experiences and to qualitatively ascertain the success of the prevention program.
Third-Party Forgiveness In Ambivalent And Supportive Relationships, Daniel Stephen Allen
Third-Party Forgiveness In Ambivalent And Supportive Relationships, Daniel Stephen Allen
Theses and Dissertations
A recent trend in the study of forgiveness is to look at forgiveness outside of traditional victim-perpetrator dyads. One way of going beyond these dyads is to look at third-party forgiveness. A recent advance in the study of relationship valence is to look at the amount of positivity and negativity in a relationship as on independent scales rather than on two ends of the same spectrum. This allows for categorization of relationships that are high in both positivity and negativity—ambivalent relationships. This study attempts to combine these two recent advances. I hypothesized that participants would have more difficulty forgiving offenders …
Examining Implementation Processes Of Positive Behavior Support, Julia Helzer Rollins
Examining Implementation Processes Of Positive Behavior Support, Julia Helzer Rollins
Theses and Dissertations
This study is a summary of themes found in the meeting notes of school teams implementing school-wide Positive Behavior Support. Positive Behavior Support (PBS) is a systems change process of reorganizing a school's discipline structure to put in place a positive, teaching and reinforcing focus for the improvement of student behavior (Sugai & Horner, 2006). In recent years, education researchers have established that school-wide PBS is an effective way to deliver research- based interventions to improve student behavior (Colvin & Kameenui, 1993, Gottfredson, Gottfredson, & Hybl 1993; Taylor-Green & Kartub, 2000). This study focused on the implementation process in order …
A Content Analysis Of Evaluation Instruments Used By Special Education Teacher Preparation Programs, Megan Sue Langford
A Content Analysis Of Evaluation Instruments Used By Special Education Teacher Preparation Programs, Megan Sue Langford
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to conduct a content and component analysis of evaluation instruments used to evaluate preservice teacher performance by special education teacher preparation programs. Direct observation (DO) and summative evaluation (SE) forms were collected from a random sample of Special Education teacher preparation programs that are recognized by the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC). The forms were then coded for content and components based on predetermined categories to identify similarities and differences. Variances among the DO and SE forms indicated possible methods for evaluating preservice teacher knowledge, skills, and dispositions.
The Good Life In Psychotherapy: Implicit And Influential, Emily Lonas Morris
The Good Life In Psychotherapy: Implicit And Influential, Emily Lonas Morris
Theses and Dissertations
The good life, or a flourishing life, is a vision of how people ought to best live their lives. Though this vision is vital to the conduct of psychotherapy, it is generally overlooked, and thus unexamined. The therapist's vision of the good life for the client guides his or her implicit and explicit interventions. Despite this, there is relatively little discussion about this vital topic, and relatively little training into the various approaches to the good life. In this thesis, I argue that this relative lack of examination and training is due to the lack of perceived options regarding conceptions …
Social Engagement Behaviors Of Two Children With Asd In Intervention Sessions Using A Robot, Stacey Marie Richey
Social Engagement Behaviors Of Two Children With Asd In Intervention Sessions Using A Robot, Stacey Marie Richey
Theses and Dissertations
This study focuses on the use of a humanoid robot to facilitate the initiation of social engagement behaviors in two children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Approximately 10 minutes of a 50-minute treatment session were devoted to interaction using a humanoid robot, Troy, to facilitate interactions with a graduate clinician or caretaker. These interactions were recorded, analyzed, and coded in 5 s intervals. This study focused specifically on the children's initiations of social engagement behaviors. Results suggested that the robot had potential to facilitate social engagement between the children and the adults.
The Effect Of Sexblindness And Sexawareness On Workplace Related Gender Bias, Katie Nichol
The Effect Of Sexblindness And Sexawareness On Workplace Related Gender Bias, Katie Nichol
Theses and Dissertations
The present study was an adaptation of Richeson and Nussbaum's (2004) study of racism to gender bias. Two different gender ideologies were theoretically analyzed, then the influence of these ideologies on implicit and explicit forms of gender bias was examined. Psychology undergraduates were presented with a prompt promoting either a sexblind or sexaware approach to reducing gender bias. Participants then completed a measure of implicit (IAT Gender/Career) and explicit (MAWWWS) bias. Results suggested that, relative to the sexaware perspective, the sexblind perspective generated less implicit gender bias. There was no difference between ideological groups on the explicit measure. The findings …
Racial/Ethnic Matching Of Clients And Therapists In Mental Health Services: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Preferences, Perceptions, And Outcomes, Timothy B. Smith, Raquel R. Cabral
Racial/Ethnic Matching Of Clients And Therapists In Mental Health Services: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Preferences, Perceptions, And Outcomes, Timothy B. Smith, Raquel R. Cabral
Faculty Publications
The effects of matching clients with therapists of the same race/ethnicity have been explored using a variety of approaches across several decades. We conducted a meta-analysis of three variables frequently used in research on racial/ethnic matching: Clients' preferences for a therapist of their own race/ethnicity, clients' perceptions of therapists, and therapeutic outcomes. Across 52 studies of preferences, the average effect size was d = .63, indicating a moderately strong preference for a therapist of one's own race/ethnicity. Across 81 studies of individuals' perceptions of therapists, the average effect size was d = .32, indicating a tendency to perceive therapists of …
Therapist Utilization Of Evidence-Based Treatment Monitoring, Jason Scott Southwick
Therapist Utilization Of Evidence-Based Treatment Monitoring, Jason Scott Southwick
Theses and Dissertations
The early identification of non-responding psychotherapy clients and reducing their treatment failure rates are the principal functions of Clinical Support Tools (CST). Nearly two decades of patient-focused research have produced several "evidence-based treatment monitoring" (EBTM) practices, that measure individual patients' responses to theory-guided treatments and alert therapists of clients who are at risk of eventual treatment failure. Clinical Support Tools are a quality management program that bundle several EBTM practices, and have been shown to improve outcomes in failing clients (Shimokawa, Lambert & Smart, 2010). Appropriately, EBTM has generated significant interest as it expands notions of what constitutes evidence-based practice …
Providing Patient Progress Information And Clinical Support Tools To Therapists: Effects On Patients At Risk For Treatment Failure, Mitchell Wayne Harris
Providing Patient Progress Information And Clinical Support Tools To Therapists: Effects On Patients At Risk For Treatment Failure, Mitchell Wayne Harris
Theses and Dissertations
Patient-focused research systems have been developed to monitor and inform therapists of patients' treatment progress in psychotherapy as a method to enhance patient outcome. The current study examined the effects of providing treatment progress information and problem-solving tools to both patients and therapists during the course of psychotherapy. Three hundred seventy patients at a hospital-based outpatient psychotherapy clinic were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: treatment-as-usual, or an experimental condition based on the use of patient/therapist feedback and clinical decision-support tools. Patients in the feedback condition were significantly more improved at termination than the patients in the treatment …
Effects Of Tiered Training On General Education Teachers' Use Of Specific Praise, Michele T. Thompson
Effects Of Tiered Training On General Education Teachers' Use Of Specific Praise, Michele T. Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
Research suggests a compelling correlation between teacher behavior and effective learning environments (Sutherland & Morgan, 2003; Brophy & Good, 1986). Focusing on the evidence-based teaching skill of offering behavior-specific praise (BSP), the researcher worked with 3 elementary-level general educators in a tiered model of instruction, commonly known as response to intervention (RtI). Although RtI commonly provides targeted instructional support to students, this study, a systematic replication of Myers, Simonsen and Sugai (2011), used the RtI framework to provide professional development to teachers. The researcher also tracked the behavior of 3 students, identified by the teachers as having behavioral difficulties, who …
Paraeducators In Secondary Transitional Settings: Their Knowledge, Responsibilities, And Training Needs, Michelle Holbrook
Paraeducators In Secondary Transitional Settings: Their Knowledge, Responsibilities, And Training Needs, Michelle Holbrook
Theses and Dissertations
The authors queried 336 paraeducators working in 34 high schools or special programs offering transitional services for adult students with disabilities. The survey included (a) the contexts in which they support students with disabilities, (b) their knowledge about core competencies in educating these students, (c) the job-related tasks they perform most frequently, (d) their perceived ability to perform these tasks effectively, and (e) their need for further training across these knowledge and task areas. The study replicated a study conducted by Carter, O'Rourke, Sisco, and Pelsue (2009) surveying paraeducators working in K-12 settings. The authors found that paraeducators worked with …
Resolving Incidents Of Bullying Among High Functioning Adolescents With Asd: Parent Perspectives, Wan-Ting Chuang
Resolving Incidents Of Bullying Among High Functioning Adolescents With Asd: Parent Perspectives, Wan-Ting Chuang
Theses and Dissertations
A qualitative study was conducted investigating the perceptions of seven parents of high functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) regarding incidents of bullying in which the child was involved. Results of the study indicated that all of the children had been bullied at one time or another, and that the majority had difficulty in demonstrating appropriate social skills. The parents viewed supportive peers to be a positive factor, fostering the children's satisfactory social adjustment. Parent interventions for their child included social skills instruction and empathy training. Research implications for educators included the need to establish systemic organized school-wide support …
Portrayal Of Characters With Disabilities In Newbery Books, Casey Lin Pehrson
Portrayal Of Characters With Disabilities In Newbery Books, Casey Lin Pehrson
Theses and Dissertations
Commonly practiced in school settings, bibliotherapy promotes healing and problem solving. In schools, bibliotherapy should be utilized to educate and empower students and to enhance the classroom experience. In order to achieve this purpose, teachers need a variety of books to specifically target students' unique needs. Award-winning books, such as those receiving the prestigious Newbery Medal, are important resources for teachers. This study examined the portrayal of characters with disabilities in 249 Newbery Medal and Honor books published between 1922 and 1974. From this sample, 20 books featured a combined total of 21 characters with a disability, as defined by …
Self-Advocacy Training In Secondary Schools For Students With Learning Disabilities, Ashleigh R. Smith
Self-Advocacy Training In Secondary Schools For Students With Learning Disabilities, Ashleigh R. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
To be successful in the general education students with disabilities may require accommodations. Students with disabilities need to develop self-advocating skills to be able to request the accommodations needed in the general education. This article describes a study in which six high school students with learning disabilities were explicitly taught to recognize when an accommodation was needed, select the appropriate accommodation, request the accommodation and then implement the accommodation in the general education classroom. The study indicated that students were able to advocate for themselves by requesting accommodations from their general education teacher. Based on data collected though this study, …
Utah Pacific Islander Former Gang Members: Meanings Of Everyday Lived Experiences, Natasha Leeann Afalava
Utah Pacific Islander Former Gang Members: Meanings Of Everyday Lived Experiences, Natasha Leeann Afalava
Theses and Dissertations
Gangs continue to extend a strong influence around the United States, impacting most urban areas and spreading into suburban and rural communities. With approximately one million members actively involved, gangs account for up to 80% of crimes in some communities. Amidst crime and antisocial activities associated with gangs, gangs continue to be a strong allure for youth. Much research has investigated reasons for youth joining gangs; however, there is a lack of research exploring the kinds of experiences youths receive while living the gang life. According to Utah statistics, Pacific Islander youth are at high risk of joining a gang: …
Effects Of A Parent Training Workshop On Parent Perceptions Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Stephanie Priscilla Call
Effects Of A Parent Training Workshop On Parent Perceptions Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Stephanie Priscilla Call
Theses and Dissertations
Children with developmental disabilities often exhibit problem behaviors, such as physical aggression, tantrums, and self-injury. These behaviors can detrimentally affect the family's lifestyle. Research has shown that such families should take an active role in developing and implementing a behavior plan. However, families need support to promote effective changes in their child's behavior. This study investigated how a positive behavior support workshop that used the Family HOPE program affected behavior problems and parent/child relationships in families with children with developmental disabilities. Parents of eight children with disabilities and challenging behaviors participated in this research. A Project Director and Principal Investigator …
The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On The Math Performance Of Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities, Cami Elizabeth Burton
The Effects Of Video Self-Modeling On The Math Performance Of Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities, Cami Elizabeth Burton
Theses and Dissertations
The current study examined the effects of video self-modeling (VSM) via an iPad on the mathematics performance of students with developmental disabilities. The learning task was presented from the consumers' point of view; students learned to estimate the amount of money they should use to pay for a given item and the amount they should receive back to help ensure that they are treated honestly by merchants. Through VSM, video clips showing the step-by-step problem solving process were synchronized onto an iPad. Students were shown how to use the iPad and access the video clips in order to watch themselves …
The Dilemma Of Mixed Methods, Bradford J. Wiggins
The Dilemma Of Mixed Methods, Bradford J. Wiggins
Theses and Dissertations
The past three decades have seen a proliferation of research methods, both quantitative and qualitative, available to psychologists. Whereas some scholars have claimed that qualitative and quantitative methods are inherently opposed, recently many more researchers have argued in favor of "mixed methods" approaches. In this dissertation I begin with a review of the mixed methods literature regarding how to integrate qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Based on this review, I argue that current mixed methods approaches have fallen short of their goal of integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies and I argue that this problem may be due to a problematic ontology. …
Reliability And A Measure Of Sexual Interest: Examining The Temporal Stability Of Scores On Affinity 2.5, Kristina S. Withers Hansen
Reliability And A Measure Of Sexual Interest: Examining The Temporal Stability Of Scores On Affinity 2.5, Kristina S. Withers Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
Affinity 2.5 is a computer-based instrument designed to measure sexual interest using viewing time of images depicting fully-clothed males and females of different ages. Participants are asked to rate the sexual attractiveness of the person in the image according to a 15-point scale while their viewing time of each image is surreptitiously monitored. The validity of viewing time as a measure of sexual interest is based on social cognition theory and is established in the review of literature. The number of images comprising Affinity 2.5 represents a 42.9% increase from the previous version of the assessment, Affinity 2.0. The purpose …
Utilizing Focus Groups To Determine Clinical Perceptions Of Assessment Needs, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam
Utilizing Focus Groups To Determine Clinical Perceptions Of Assessment Needs, Emily Ruth Smith Putnam
Theses and Dissertations
There has been a recent trend towards increasing accountability of mental health care providers through the use of treatment outcome measures, in order to reduce spending and improve patient care. This qualitative study utilized focus groups to elicit input regarding the need and possible content involved in creating an improved outcome measure specifically designed for severe emotionally disturbed (SED) children and adolescents. We conducted 60-90 minute focus groups with each of the following three separate constituent groups who are regularly involved in the care of SED youth at the Utah State Hospital (USH), including a) hospital clinical staff, b) affiliated …
Videogames And Friendships: Contextual Factors That Influence The Willingness To Aggress Following The Playing Of A Violent Videogame, Jonathan Charles Edwin Rogers
Videogames And Friendships: Contextual Factors That Influence The Willingness To Aggress Following The Playing Of A Violent Videogame, Jonathan Charles Edwin Rogers
Theses and Dissertations
Participants (N = 73) in the present research were assigned to play a violent videogame (Super Smash Brothers) with either a supportive or an ambivalent friend. Orthogonal to this manipulation, participants were assigned to play the game either competitively or cooperatively. Subsequent aggression toward their friend was assessed by measuring participants' competitive or cooperative behavior in a Prisoner's Dilemma game. Results revealed no differences in aggression as a function of friendship type or game strategy, although means were in predicted directions. The influence of context on exposure to violent media is discussed, as are issues of power and …
An Analysis Of Graduate School Recruitment Via Website Resources, Dylan K. Matsumori
An Analysis Of Graduate School Recruitment Via Website Resources, Dylan K. Matsumori
Theses and Dissertations
Institutions of higher learning are experiencing increased difficulty managing the quantity and quality of their graduate student populations (Kallio, 1995). Currently the most important informational resource for potential students engaged in the graduate school search process is the Web (Huddleston & Drexel, 2006). Previous research has focused on things such as website design and technological advances but has failed to address the core content needed by applicants (Huddleston & Drexel, 2006). Research has focused on website design from the perspective of administrators and web designers with little consideration of the individuals who are in the process of applying to or …
Ambivalent Sexism And Traditional Gender Roles As Predictors Of Performance Evaluation Bias, Caleb Braxton Bragg
Ambivalent Sexism And Traditional Gender Roles As Predictors Of Performance Evaluation Bias, Caleb Braxton Bragg
Theses and Dissertations
The object of the present research was to examine the relationship between ambivalent sexism, adherence to traditional gender roles, gendered job types, performance evaluations and promotion decisions. There were 124 participants recruited from undergraduate psychology courses, randomly assigned to one of four scenarios. Participants took the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), Ambivalence towards Men Inventory (AMI), and Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES), read a scenario, and then evaluated the leader in the scenario using the Leadership Effectiveness Appraisal of Performance (LEAP). A 2x2x2 MANOVA found significant main effects for participant gender on the ASI and SRES, but no main or interaction …
The Neural Correlates Of Retrospective Memory Monitoring: Convergent Findings From Erp And Fmri, Jeremy Clark Roper
The Neural Correlates Of Retrospective Memory Monitoring: Convergent Findings From Erp And Fmri, Jeremy Clark Roper
Theses and Dissertations
Monitoring the accuracy of memory is an automatic but essential process of memory encoding and retrieval. Retrospective memory confidence judgments are making effective and efficient decisions based on one's memories. The neural processes involved in retrospective confidence ratings were investigated with EEG and fMRI using a recognition memory task designed such that participants also rated their confidence in their memory response. Correct trials (hits and correct rejections) were examined for differences related to the participants' level of confidence in their response. There were significant differences in electrophysiological activity (in the FN400 and the late parietal component) associated with confidence rating, …
Examining The Mediating Factors Between Religiosity And Pornography Use In Adolescents, Michael A. Steelman
Examining The Mediating Factors Between Religiosity And Pornography Use In Adolescents, Michael A. Steelman
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine relations between adolescent religiosity and pornography use, and the roles of self-regulation, attitudes towards pornography, and social control as mediators of these relations. It was hypothesized that religiosity would protect adolescents from exposure to pornography by increasing their self-regulation capacity, their conservative attitudes about pornography, and their perceived social norms regarding pornography. The sample consisted of 419 adolescents (ages 15 - 18 years; M age = 15.68, SD = .98; 56% male) recruited online from across the U.S. Participants completed an online survey. All variables were bivariately associated as expected. Path models …
A Qualitative Exploration Of Adolescent Girls' Experience In An Eating Disorder Prevention Curriculum, Jill L. Smedley
A Qualitative Exploration Of Adolescent Girls' Experience In An Eating Disorder Prevention Curriculum, Jill L. Smedley
Theses and Dissertations
Eating disorders are a widespread problem that affects millions of people each year in the United States. Research-based prevention programs are becoming more and more important as this number rises. This study qualitatively examined the effectiveness of a prevention program called Eating Disorders: Physical, Social, and Emotional Consequences, A High School Curriculum about Anorexia, Bulimia, and Compulsive Eating (EDPSEC). Study participants included 10 female students in a ninth grade health class in a junior high school in Utah. The integrity of curriculum administration was analyzed and interviews were conducted. The aim of the interviews was to determine what students who …
Cohesion's Relationship To Outcome In Group Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Empirical Research, Jennifer Tehani Alonso
Cohesion's Relationship To Outcome In Group Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Empirical Research, Jennifer Tehani Alonso
Theses and Dissertations
Research has consistently shown group psychotherapy to be an effective form of treatment. Group cohesiveness, the quantity and magnitude of the strength of the bonds within the group, has received considerable attention. This study describes the integration of the cohesion literature using a random effects meta-analysis to ascertain the magnitude of the relationship between cohesion and outcome as well as explore the effect specific group variables have on this association. Studies were included which measured the relationship between groups comprised of at least three members, included both an outcome and cohesion measure convertible to an effect size, and were published …
7- And 12-Month-Olds' Intermodal Recognition Of Affect: 7-Month-Olds Are "Smarter" Than 12-Month-Olds, Mark Oborn Whiteley
7- And 12-Month-Olds' Intermodal Recognition Of Affect: 7-Month-Olds Are "Smarter" Than 12-Month-Olds, Mark Oborn Whiteley
Theses and Dissertations
Research has shown that by 7-months of age infants demonstrate recognition of emotion by successfully matching faces and voices based on affect in an intermodal matching procedure. It is often assumed that once an ability is present the development of that ability has "ceased." Therefore, no research has examined if and how the ability to match faces and voices based on affect develops after the first 7-months. This study examined how the ability to match faces and voices based on affect changes from 7- to 12-months. Looking at infant's proportion of total looking time (PTLT) results showed that, consistent with …