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- Adulthood; Path Analysis; Women (1)
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- Basal forebrain; fasciculus retroflexus; microglial activation; efferent connections; prefrontal cortex; paradoxical sleep; dopamine release; medial habenula;drinking; nucleus (1)
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- Ethanol ; Infant ; Kappa ; Opioid ; Rats (1)
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- Primary visual-cortex; young infants perception; monkey striate cortex; top-down influences; lateral interactions; functional architecture; contextual interactions;spatial integration; intrinsic connections; contrast sensitivity (1)
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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
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Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Support For Juvenile Sex Offender Registry Laws: Prototypes, Moral Outrage, And Perceived Threat, Margaret C. Stevenson, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Jessica M. Salerno, Tisha R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Katlyn S. Farum
Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Support For Juvenile Sex Offender Registry Laws: Prototypes, Moral Outrage, And Perceived Threat, Margaret C. Stevenson, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Jessica M. Salerno, Tisha R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Katlyn S. Farum
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
We investigated whether and how a juvenile’s history of experiencing sexual abuse affects public perceptions of juvenile sex offenders in a series of 5 studies. When asked about juvenile sex offenders in an abstract manner (Studies 1 and 2), the more participants (community members and undergraduates) believed that a history of being sexually abused as a child causes later sexually abusive behavior, the less likely they were to support sex offender registration for juveniles. Yet when participants considered specific sexual offenses, a juvenile’s history of sexual abuse was not considered to be a mitigating factor. This was true when participants …
Adolescent, But Not Adult, Binge Ethanol Exposure Leads To Persistent Global Reductions Of Choline Acetyltransferase Expressing Neurons In Brain, Ryan P. Vetreno, Margaret Broadwater, Wen Liu, Linda Spear, Fulton T. Crews
Adolescent, But Not Adult, Binge Ethanol Exposure Leads To Persistent Global Reductions Of Choline Acetyltransferase Expressing Neurons In Brain, Ryan P. Vetreno, Margaret Broadwater, Wen Liu, Linda Spear, Fulton T. Crews
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
During the adolescent transition from childhood to adulthood, notable maturational changes occur in brain neurotransmitter systems. The cholinergic system is composed of several distinct nuclei that exert neuromodulatory control over cognition, arousal, and reward. Binge drinking and alcohol abuse are common during this stage, which might alter the developmental trajectory of this system leading to long-term changes in adult neurobiology. In Experiment 1, adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2-day on/2-day off from postnatal day [P] 25 to P55) treatment led to persistent, global reductions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression. Administration of the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide to …
The Relationship Between Language Proficiency And Attentional Control In Cantonese-English Bilingual Children: Evidence From Simon, Simon Switching, And Working Memory Tasks, Jeanette Altarriba, Chi-Shing Tse
The Relationship Between Language Proficiency And Attentional Control In Cantonese-English Bilingual Children: Evidence From Simon, Simon Switching, And Working Memory Tasks, Jeanette Altarriba, Chi-Shing Tse
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
By administering Simon, Simon switching, and operation-span working memory tasks to Cantonese-English bilingual children who varied in their first-language (L1, Cantonese) and second-language (L2, English) proficiencies, as quantified by standardized vocabulary test performance, the current study examined the effects of L1 and L2 proficiency on attentional control performance. Apart from mean performance, we conducted ex-Gaussian analyses to capture the modal and positive-tail components of participants' reaction time distributions in the Simon and Simon switching tasks. Bilinguals' L2 proficiency was associated with higher scores in the operation span task, and a shift of reaction time distributions in incongruent trials, relative to …
The Development Of Contour Processing: Evidence From Physiology And Psychophysics, Gemma Taylor, Daniel Hipp, Alecia Moser, Kelly Dickerson, Peter Gerhardstein
The Development Of Contour Processing: Evidence From Physiology And Psychophysics, Gemma Taylor, Daniel Hipp, Alecia Moser, Kelly Dickerson, Peter Gerhardstein
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Object perception and pattern vision depend fundamentally upon the extraction of contours from the visual environment. In adulthood, contour or edge-level processing is supported by the Gestalt heuristics of proximity, collinearity, and closure. Less is known, however, about the developmental trajectory of contour detection and contour integration. Within the physiology of the visual system, long-range horizontal connections in V1 and V2 are the likely candidates for implementing these heuristics. While post-mortem anatomical studies of human infants suggest that horizontal interconnections reach maturity by the second year of life, psychophysical research with infants and children suggests a considerably more protracted development. …
Effects Of Jurors’ Gender And Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability On Judgments For Disabled Juvenile Defendants, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Bette L. Bottoms
Effects Of Jurors’ Gender And Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability On Judgments For Disabled Juvenile Defendants, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Bette L. Bottoms
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Because many juvenile offenders are intellectually disabled and have their cases tried by jurors in adult criminal court, it is important to understand factors that influence jurors’ judgments in such cases. Using a mock trial methodology, we explored the relations among jurors’ gender, attitudes toward intellectual disability, and judgments in a criminal case involving an intellectually disabled 15-year-old girl accused of murder. Men mock jurors’ judgments were not influenced by their preexisting biases, but women's were: the more women favored special treatment for disabled offenders, the less likely they were to suspect the disabled juvenile was guilty and the less …
Brief Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Alters Behavioral Sensitivity To The Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist (U62,066e) And Antagonist (Nor-Bni) And Reduces Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression, Michael E. Nizhnikov, Ricardo M. Pautassi, Jenna M. Carter, Justine Landin, Elena Varlinskaya, Kelly Bordner, David F. Werner, Norman E. Spear
Brief Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Alters Behavioral Sensitivity To The Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist (U62,066e) And Antagonist (Nor-Bni) And Reduces Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression, Michael E. Nizhnikov, Ricardo M. Pautassi, Jenna M. Carter, Justine Landin, Elena Varlinskaya, Kelly Bordner, David F. Werner, Norman E. Spear
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Approximately 10 to 15% of women consume alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) during pregnancy in the United States. Even low amounts of EtOH consumption during pregnancy can elicit long-term consequences. Prenatal experience with as few as 3 drinks has been associated with increase problem drinking in adulthood. Such effects are corroborated in rodents; however, the underlying neural adaptations contributing to this effect are not clear. In the current set of experiments, we investigated whether changes in EtOH responding following prenatal EtOH exposure involved kappa opioid receptor activation and expression.Methods
Sprague–Dawley rats were prenatally exposed to low levels of alcohol (1.0 g/kg) during …
Applying Sex Offender Registry Laws To Juvenile Offenders: Biases Against Adolescents From Stigmatized Groups, Jessica M. Salerno, Margaret Stevenson, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Tisha R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Liana Peter-Hagene
Applying Sex Offender Registry Laws To Juvenile Offenders: Biases Against Adolescents From Stigmatized Groups, Jessica M. Salerno, Margaret Stevenson, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Tisha R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Liana Peter-Hagene
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The need to protect children from dangerous sex offenders has led to policies that require juvenile sex offenders to register on public online registries. It is important to determine the implications of these laws for the wellbeing of child victims and also for juvenile offenders on these registries. Is the application of these laws—designed for adult offenders—to juveniles appropriate, necessary, and supported by public sentiment? The chapter reviews current sex offender registration policies and psychological research addressing whether the assumptions underlying these laws are supported by research, public sentiment toward these laws, factors that might drive biases against stigmatized youth …
Overexpression Of The Steroidogenic Enzyme Cytochrome P450 Side Chain Cleavage In The Ventral Tegmental Area Increases 3 ,5 -Thp And Reduces Long-Term Operant Ethanol Self-Administration, Jason B. Cook, David F. Werner, Antoniette Maldonado-Devincci, Maggie N. Leonard, Kristen R. Fisher, Todd K. O'Buckley, Patrizia Porcu, Thomas J. Mccown, Joyce Besheer, Clyde Hodge, A.Leslie Morrow
Overexpression Of The Steroidogenic Enzyme Cytochrome P450 Side Chain Cleavage In The Ventral Tegmental Area Increases 3 ,5 -Thp And Reduces Long-Term Operant Ethanol Self-Administration, Jason B. Cook, David F. Werner, Antoniette Maldonado-Devincci, Maggie N. Leonard, Kristen R. Fisher, Todd K. O'Buckley, Patrizia Porcu, Thomas J. Mccown, Joyce Besheer, Clyde Hodge, A.Leslie Morrow
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Neuroactive steroids are endogenous neuromodulators capable of altering neuronal activity and behavior. In rodents, systemic administration of endogenous or synthetic neuroactive steroids reduces ethanol self-administration. We hypothesized this effect arises from actions within mesolimbic brain regions that we targeted by viral gene delivery. Cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc) converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, the rate-limiting enzymatic reaction in neurosteroidogenesis. Therefore, we constructed a recombinant adeno-associated serotype 2 viral vector (rAAV2), which drives P450scc expression and neuroactive steroid synthesis. The P450scc-expressing vector (rAAV2-P450scc) or control GFP-expressing vector (rAAV2-GFP) were injected bilaterally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc) …
Do Angry Birds Flock Together? The Effects Of The Aggressive Personality Trait On The Development Of Mutual Cooperation, Adam W. Stivers
Do Angry Birds Flock Together? The Effects Of The Aggressive Personality Trait On The Development Of Mutual Cooperation, Adam W. Stivers
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Two studies investigated the relationship between aggression and Social Value Orientation (SVO), a trait like predisposition to maximize Cooperative, Individualistic or Competitive goals. In Study 1, which was correlational, participants’ aggression was measured via questionnaire and SVO by a series of decisions in which points are allocated to self and an anonymous other. It was found that participants with a Cooperative SVO scored lower on aggression than those with either an Individualistic or Competitive SVO. In Study 2, using an experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to receive information that their partner was high in aggression, or low in aggression …
African American Families' Expectations And Intentions For Mental Health Services, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Richard Thompson, Barbara L. Dancy, Tisha R. A. Wiley, Sylvia P. Perry, Jason Wallis, Yara Mekawi, Kathleen Knafl
African American Families' Expectations And Intentions For Mental Health Services, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Richard Thompson, Barbara L. Dancy, Tisha R. A. Wiley, Sylvia P. Perry, Jason Wallis, Yara Mekawi, Kathleen Knafl
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
A cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design was used to examine the links among expectations about, experiences with, and intentions toward mental health services. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 32 African American youth/mothers dyads. Content analysis revealed that positive expectations were linked to positive experiences and intentions, that negative expectations were not consistently linked to negative experiences or intentions, nor were ambivalent expectations linked to ambivalent experiences or intentions. Youth were concerned about privacy breeches and mothers about the harmfulness of psychotropic medication. Addressing these concerns may promote African Americans’ engagement in mental health services.
The Effects Of Revictimization On Coping And Depression In Women Sexual Assault Victims, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
The Effects Of Revictimization On Coping And Depression In Women Sexual Assault Victims, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
On two mail surveys completed 1 year apart, 555 women reported their experiences of sexual assault, the strategies they used to cope with those experiences, and feelings of depression. Path analyses controlling for baseline coping and depression revealed that victims who were revictimized during the study reported using more maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies than did victims who were not revictimized. Further, women who were revictimized reported more depression than others. This effect was explained in part by revictimized women’s increased maladaptive coping. Implications for understanding coping and recovery in women who experience multiple sexual assaults in adulthood are discussed.