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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
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The Effect Of Crime Severity And Confidence On Mock Jurors' Verdicts, Abigail E. Moore
The Effect Of Crime Severity And Confidence On Mock Jurors' Verdicts, Abigail E. Moore
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Previous studies of eyewitness testimony have found confidence and errors in testimony have an impact on credibility ratings and jurors' verdicts. The current study used the three factors of confidence, errors, and crime severity to determine their effects on witness credibility, verdicts, and guilt ratios. It was hypothesized that highly confident witnesses of a violent crime would be rated as more credible and result in more convictions compared to low confident witnesses. It was also expected that well calibrated witnesses of a nonviolent crime would results in higher credibility ratings and more guilty verdicts compared to poorly calibrated witnesses. Results …
Disclosure Of Hiv Serostatus In Latinos As A Function Of Acculturation: The Role Of Attitudinal Components And The Theory Of Reasoned Action, John Andrew Sauceda
Disclosure Of Hiv Serostatus In Latinos As A Function Of Acculturation: The Role Of Attitudinal Components And The Theory Of Reasoned Action, John Andrew Sauceda
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
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Intelligent Tutoring For Interviewing To Detect Deception: Can Investigators Be Trained To Attain And Detect Accurate Cues To Deception?, Justin Albrechtsen
Intelligent Tutoring For Interviewing To Detect Deception: Can Investigators Be Trained To Attain And Detect Accurate Cues To Deception?, Justin Albrechtsen
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The present study examined whether investigators can be trained to elicit and detect cues to deception. The study included two training conditions and a control condition. Participants in the virtual Human Intelligent Tutoring System (vHITS) conditions completed a training program for deception detection and investigative interviewing. The primary components of this training were one-on-one interaction with a virtual human and tutoring tailored to specific participant responses. Participants in the Computer Based Training (CBT) conditions completed a comparable training program for deception detection and investigative interviewing. However, this program provided a more passive training environment with no interaction between student and …
Smoking Cessation, Reduction And Motivation Change In A Predominantly Hispanic Sample, Jose Alonso Cabriales
Smoking Cessation, Reduction And Motivation Change In A Predominantly Hispanic Sample, Jose Alonso Cabriales
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
To date, few studies have focused on smoking cessation specifically for light and intermittent smokers (fewer than 10 cigarettes per day). Light and intermittent smoking have been on the rise for the past years, and multiple studies have documented the detrimental health effects of low-level smoking. This study assessed the efficacy of a brief smoking cessation intervention for light smokers in a predominantly Hispanic community sample. Additionally, predictors of quitting were also assessed. Two hundred and fifty light and intermittent smokers were recruited primarily from a family health clinic and the UTEP campus. Participants completed baseline measures assessing demographics, tobacco …
Social Understanding And The Effect Of Social Pressure On Children's Suggestibility, Catherine Camilletti
Social Understanding And The Effect Of Social Pressure On Children's Suggestibility, Catherine Camilletti
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The current study investigated the effect of varying levels of social pressure in a suggestive interview on children's recall for a witnessed event as well as the relationship between children's social understanding and their suggestibility. Children were randomly assigned to take part in one of four suggestive interviews about a confederate's visit to their classroom. Children also completed several tasks to assess their knowledge and understanding of social situations. Children receiving high levels of social pressure in an interview had higher rates of suggestibility than children receiving lower levels of social pressure in an interview. Children's overall comprehension of a …
Prejudice With A Conscience: How A Strong Moral Identity Relates To Greater Prejudice, Moira P. Shaw
Prejudice With A Conscience: How A Strong Moral Identity Relates To Greater Prejudice, Moira P. Shaw
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The present research investigated the effects of moral licensing on prejudice for participants with a strong moral identity. It predicted that, because people with a stronger moral identity are especially motivated to be moral, they would be strongly affected by moral licensing effects on prejudice. Three experiments tested this prediction by measuring moral identity, experimentally manipulating and measuring three sources of moral license (moral affirmation, moral superiority, and moral threat), and measuring inter-group prejudice. The results demonstrated that with moral affirmation and moral superiority, a strong moral identity relates to greater prejudice (Experiment 1), moral superiority moderates the relation between …
"Now That We're Married, Does That Change Anything?": The Role Of Change In Romantic Relationships And The Implications For Alibi Research, Kevin W. Jolly
"Now That We're Married, Does That Change Anything?": The Role Of Change In Romantic Relationships And The Implications For Alibi Research, Kevin W. Jolly
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Research on alibis has focused on how the presence of a relationship between an alibi corroborator and a defendant affects how jurors perceive the alibi itself. Some published studies have examined how the relationship between the alibi corroborator and the defendant affects evaluations of the alibi. The extant literature on alibis now warrants investigations of how differences among types of relationships between an alibi corroborator and the accused influence the evaluation of the alibi claim. The first study examined whether alibi evaluations are affected by the length of a romantic relationship between an alibi corroborator and a defendant and by …
Training To Detect Deception: The Role Of Intelligent Tutoring Systems And Impression-Based Cues, Stephen Worth Michael
Training To Detect Deception: The Role Of Intelligent Tutoring Systems And Impression-Based Cues, Stephen Worth Michael
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Research attempting to train individuals to detect deception has demonstrated small, inconsistent effects. The methods with which previous studies have trained participants and the cues to deception used in these training programs may be partially responsible for these findings. The current study investigated the effectiveness of a novel, interactive training program for deception detection which used an interview setting with virtual humans and an intelligent tutoring system. This training program was compared to a non-interactive training program. Participants were trained on eight indirect, impression-based cues that have been empirically demonstrated to be diagnostic of deception. Results demonstrated that indirect, impression-based …
The Role Of Generation And Monitoring Processes In Governing The Paradoxical Effects Of Retrieval On Memory For Faces, Kyle Joseph Susa
The Role Of Generation And Monitoring Processes In Governing The Paradoxical Effects Of Retrieval On Memory For Faces, Kyle Joseph Susa
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Verbal descriptions of faces can at times impair and at other times facilitate subsequent face identification accuracy. Three experiments were conducted from a retrieval-based theoretical perspective to determine the underlying cognitive processes that can account for these paradoxical findings. Results demonstrated that the verbal description-identification relationship is analogous to other domains of memory where an initial retrieval of memory can have both positive and negative effects on subsequent retrieval attempts. Results of Experiment 1 showed that verbal facilitation is a product of self-generated descriptions that enrich the semantic encoding of the original memory trace. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that …
Two Sides Of The Same Coin: Biculturalism, Cultural Ideologies, And Perceptions Of Cultural Change, Stephanie Ann Quezada
Two Sides Of The Same Coin: Biculturalism, Cultural Ideologies, And Perceptions Of Cultural Change, Stephanie Ann Quezada
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Ethnic minorities are adopting a bicultural identity to simultaneously identify with their heritage culture and mainstream American culture. While much research has investigated the extent to which ethnic majority and minority groups differentially respond to cultural ideologies, bicultural reactions to cultural ideologies remain uninvestigated. Bicultural individuals' differential endorsement of cultural ideologies has critical implications for implementation of assimilation and multiculturalism in multicultural societies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the extent to which the salience of cultural identity predicts bicultural individuals' endorsement of assimilation and multicultural ideologies. Identity saliency was manipulated for bicultural Latino Americans and …
The Impact Of Cartel Related Violence On Ongoing Traumatic Stress And Self-Medication In Young Adults Living Along The U.S./México Border, Thom J. Taylor
The Impact Of Cartel Related Violence On Ongoing Traumatic Stress And Self-Medication In Young Adults Living Along The U.S./México Border, Thom J. Taylor
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Ongoing Potentially Traumatic Stress (OPTS) as a result of violence and insecurity along the U.S./México border remains understudied. Many residents of the border may be both indirectly and directly exposed to potentially traumatic events on an ongoing basis, particularly in the city of Cd. Juárez, México. The present study examined the impact of the violence and insecurity on daily traumatic stress levels and the potential for self-medication via alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs within Spanish speaking young adult residents and commuters to Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Participants (N = 121) completed multiple online reports of location in and travel to …
Developmental Variation In Children's Acquisition Of Metrical Structure: How Early Treatment Of Stressless Syllables Can Inform Phonological Theory, Clifford S. Jones
Developmental Variation In Children's Acquisition Of Metrical Structure: How Early Treatment Of Stressless Syllables Can Inform Phonological Theory, Clifford S. Jones
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The present study uses 26 color photos to elicit a total of 14 words conforming to a very specific pattern: a stressless syllable word-initially, followed by a stressed syllable, and at most one more stressless syllable. This was found to be a particularly difficult metrical structure for the two- and three-year old participants to produce in an adult-like manner. Based on the findings that a fairly reliable (if language-particular) order of acquisition is observable for contrasts of both place and manner of articulation, the case is made for a system of six emergent features, which may be characterized as combinable …
Examination Of The Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Evaluative And Semantic Priming Effects By Varying Task Instructions: An Erp Study, Jennifer Hilda Taylor
Examination Of The Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Evaluative And Semantic Priming Effects By Varying Task Instructions: An Erp Study, Jennifer Hilda Taylor
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study examined the cognitive processes that underlie stimulus identification and the activation of attitudes by investigating behavioral and psychophysiological effects in a priming paradigm. Cognitive mechanisms were investigated by examining evaluative and semantic priming effects on behavioral response times, the N400, and LPP event-related potential (ERP) components by varying tasks between-subjects. Participants either completed an evaluative task, a semantic task, or a feature-detection task. It was hypothesized that the behavioral evaluative priming effect would occur in the evaluative task and that the behavioral semantic priming effect would occur in the semantic and feature-detection tasks. The N400 was hypothesized to …
An Investigation Of The Individual Differences In Cognitive Factors That Contribute To Bilingual Lexical Disambiguation, Ana B. Areas Da Luz Fontes
An Investigation Of The Individual Differences In Cognitive Factors That Contribute To Bilingual Lexical Disambiguation, Ana B. Areas Da Luz Fontes
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of working memory capacity, access to subordinate meanings of L1 homonyms and degree of cross-language activation on the access to subordinate meanings of L2 homonyms. In Experiment 1, Spanish-English bilinguals completed a word recognition task which assessed how quickly and accurately they accessed subordinate meanings of English homonyms that were either noncognates (e.g. fast/rápido) or cognates (e.g. letter/letra) with Spanish. In Experiment 2, another group of Spanish-English bilinguals read sentences while having their eye-movements recorded for measures of lexical access. On the critical trials, sentences contained a homonym that was …
Alcohol Use In College Students As A Function Of Reinforcement Sensitivity, Life Events, And Affect, Hyoung S. Lee
Alcohol Use In College Students As A Function Of Reinforcement Sensitivity, Life Events, And Affect, Hyoung S. Lee
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Mood has been commonly viewed as an important determinant of drinking, but studies of positive and negative affect and alcohol use have reported inconsistent results. It has been suggested that the relationship between negative affect and heavy drinking or drinking problems depends on individual vulnerability dimensions such as personality. Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) may provide a particularly useful framework in studies about alcohol use, connecting personality, motivational processes, and responses to environmental stimuli. In past studies, the sensitivity of Gray's Behavioral Activation System (BAS) has been linked to alcohol use, but results have been less consistent for the Behavioral …