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Short-Term Learning For Long-Term Retention : Dynamic Associative Memory, Joseph James Glavan Iv
Short-Term Learning For Long-Term Retention : Dynamic Associative Memory, Joseph James Glavan Iv
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Instead of characterizing transfer from short-term memory to long-term memory as the relocation of information from one structural system to another, I propose a theory that conceives of transfer as the learning processes that act on and transform the representations of the information itself. Dynamic Associative Memory posits that recently encoded memories are supported by active maintenance and the relevance of the current context. Over time, the current context becomes less relevant; therefore, the brain must learn contextually invariant associations between memories so that they may support themselves. I instantiated my theory in the ACT-R cognitive architecture and created a …
Establishing Roots Before Branching Out: Parameter Recovery In Item Response Tree Models, Tyler Ryan
Establishing Roots Before Branching Out: Parameter Recovery In Item Response Tree Models, Tyler Ryan
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Item Response Trees are a type of item response model that incorporates information about conditional responding to items using a rooted tree graph structure. Researchers have used item response trees for common measurement tasks and for testing novel hypotheses. Previous simulation studies investigating item response trees either lack generalizability to the broad domain of their use or lack thorough investigation and reporting of the results. I conducted a simulation study to explore how sample size, test length, item characteristics, and tree structure affect both item and person parameter recovery for 1PL and 2PL models. The results suggested that, as with …
User Interface Design For Supervisory Control Of Multiple Manned And Unmanned Air Vehicles, Taleri Lynn Hammack
User Interface Design For Supervisory Control Of Multiple Manned And Unmanned Air Vehicles, Taleri Lynn Hammack
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This dissertation research will cover lessons learned from the three-year, iterative design and evaluation of TECUMSA (Tasking and Execution of Collaborative Unmanned and Manned Systems with Autonomy). TECUMSA is a graphical user interface and autonomous tool suite that enables a single operator (e.g., an Air Mission Commander) to team with autonomous capabilities (e.g., route planning, aircraft task allocation) to effectively command and control multiple manned and unmanned aircraft in a contested battlespace. The user/AMC was responsible for accomplishing a series of reconnaissance, surveillance, and threat neutralization tasks in a hostile and dynamic simulated battlespace. The main challenges in this problem …
Understanding Human Decision Making With Automation Using Systems Factorial Technology, Cara M. Kneeland
Understanding Human Decision Making With Automation Using Systems Factorial Technology, Cara M. Kneeland
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While many researchers have investigated the performance consequences of automated recommender systems, little research that has explored how these systems impact the decision making process. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how people process information from an automated recommender system and raw information from the en- vironment using Systems Factorial Technology (SFT). Participants completed a speeded length judgment task with a reliable but imperfect aid. Experiment 1 focused on whether people process all the available information or are selective in their information search under certain circumstances (e.g., with performance incentives and with more experience with automation failures in …
Understanding And Improving Coordination Efficiency In The Minimum Effort Game: Counterfactual- And Behavioral-Based Nudging And Cognitive Modeling, Alexander R. Hough
Understanding And Improving Coordination Efficiency In The Minimum Effort Game: Counterfactual- And Behavioral-Based Nudging And Cognitive Modeling, Alexander R. Hough
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Individuals often need to coordinate with others to pursue and achieve goals. However, individuals often fail to coordinate on any choice or on efficient (i.e., higher reward) choices. Researchers addressing coordination failure often used invasive methods ranging in complexity and generalizability with minimal success. There are also no clear measures for coordination behaviors. Here, I used a more parsimonious and generalizable method: Using counterfactuals (i.e., hypothetical outcomes had they or other players chosen differently) to nudge (i.e., indirectly guide and allow for free choice) individuals towards choosing options that are more likely to result in efficient coordination. I simulated a …
Induction And Transferral Of Flow In The Game Tetris, Kevin John O'Neill
Induction And Transferral Of Flow In The Game Tetris, Kevin John O'Neill
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We looked at the facilitation and transfer of a flow state in a cognitive context. Subjects played a manipulated version of the game Tetris, and we gathered data on their gameplay performance on pre- and post-tasks, as well as a set of questionnaires which measure flow and perceived task effort. The altered version of Tetris includes an artificial intelligence agent that continually assesses the participant’s skill and adapts the challenge level of the game to match the participant’s skill. An adaptive condition characterized by challenge-skill balance was hypothesized to induce flow, reduce perception of effort, and improve performance. We found …
Beyond Shame: A Therapeutic Mobile Application For The Development Of Shame Resilience, Eleanor D. Tripp
Beyond Shame: A Therapeutic Mobile Application For The Development Of Shame Resilience, Eleanor D. Tripp
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Shame is an intensely painful emotion that underlies many forms of psychopathology and maladaptive behavior. As a result, researchers have sought to gain a more thorough understanding of this self-conscious emotion and how it impacts functioning. Several evidence-based treatment modalities have been identified as helpful in the treatment of shame and in the development of shame resilience. However, there continues to be a need for this information to be more readily accessible. The current project involved developing the content and design for Beyond Shame, a mobile application (app) aimed at helping English-speaking adults to develop shame resilience. The mobile app …
Using Eeg To Examine The Top Down Effects On Visual Object Processing, Joseph D. Borders
Using Eeg To Examine The Top Down Effects On Visual Object Processing, Joseph D. Borders
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Object recognition entails a complex interplay between top-down and bottom-up signals. Yet, limited research has investigated the mechanisms through which top-down processes, such as task context and behavioral goals impact the neural basis of visual object processing. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we studied the temporal dynamics of task and object processing to identify how early the impact of task can be observed. We recorded ERPs from participants as they viewed object images from four categories spanning animacy (Inanimate: roller-skate, motorbike; Animate: cow, butterfly) and size (Large: motorbike, cow; Small: roller-skate, butterfly) dimensions under four task conditions comprising conceptual (naturalness, size) and …
Spatialized Auditory And Vibrotactile Cueing For Dynamic Three-Dimensional Visual Search, Rachel J. Cunio
Spatialized Auditory And Vibrotactile Cueing For Dynamic Three-Dimensional Visual Search, Rachel J. Cunio
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The traditional method of maintaining spatial awareness through visual displays can cause visual system overload and lead to performance decrements. This study examined the benefits of spatialized auditory, tactile, and audio-tactile cues for maintaining awareness as a method of enhancing visual search performance. I examined visual search performance in an immersive, dynamic, three-dimensional (360-degree), virtual reality environment with no cues, spatialized auditory cues, degraded spatialized auditory cues, spatialized tactile cues, spatialized audio-tactile cues, and degraded spatialized auditory with tactile cues. Results indicated a significant reduction in visual search time from the no-cue condition when any cues were presented. The tactile …
Identifying Diversity Of Thought On Social Media, Beth Bullemer
Identifying Diversity Of Thought On Social Media, Beth Bullemer
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This dissertation considers what it means to think differently, using naturalistic verbal evidence. This problem is inspired by a gap within the Wisdom of the Crowd (WoC) literature, but relevant to the study of language processes, mental models, and the vast emerging resource of social media data. I propose a methodological framework to characterize diversity of thought through the quantification of social media data. Four stages of research considered: a) the properties of a sample domain, b) how to identify and select diagnostic content using classification methods, c) how to quantify qualitative content in order to categorize and compare individuals, …
Cued Visual Search And Multisensory Enhancement, Jordan Haggit
Cued Visual Search And Multisensory Enhancement, Jordan Haggit
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Previous research has been divided on whether or not multisensory cues can speed visual search relative to their component unisensory cues alone. Some studies (e.g., Mateo et al., 2012) found reaction times for multisensory cues were not faster than the RT of the faster component unisensory cue alone. Other studies (e.g., Oskarsson et al., 2012) found the multisensory cue to be faster than either unisensory cue alone (i.e., multisensory enhancement). This study aimed to determine whether the relative effectiveness match between auditory and tactile cues affects multisensory enhancement on a visual search task. In Experiment 1 we estimated for each …