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The Impact Of The Gut-Brain Axis On Alzheimer’S Disease, Elissa Wakim
The Impact Of The Gut-Brain Axis On Alzheimer’S Disease, Elissa Wakim
Best Integrated Writing
Elissa’s review for the Graduate Biomedical Review focuses on the links between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain; the gut-brain axis and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. As a student in the Microbiology and Immunology Masters Program Elissa was particularly interested in the gut microbiota and their connection to neurodegenerative disease. She tidily reviewed the literature and wrote a fascinating and compelling piece of work.
Best Integrated Writing 2024 - Complete Edition, Wright State University School Of Humanities And Cultural Studies
Best Integrated Writing 2024 - Complete Edition, Wright State University School Of Humanities And Cultural Studies
Best Integrated Writing
Best Integrated Writing includes excellent student writing from Integrated Writing courses taught at Wright State University. This is the first issue after a 5 year hiatus.
Automated Update Tools To Augment The Wisdom Of Crowds In Geopolitical Forecasting, Amy Summerville, Cara Widmer, Brandon Minnery, Ion Juvina, Subashini Ganapathy
Automated Update Tools To Augment The Wisdom Of Crowds In Geopolitical Forecasting, Amy Summerville, Cara Widmer, Brandon Minnery, Ion Juvina, Subashini Ganapathy
Psychology Faculty Publications
Despite the importance of predictive judgments, individual human forecasts are frequently less accurate than those of even simple prediction algorithms. At the same time, not all forecasts are amenable to algorithmic prediction. Here, we describe the evaluation of an automated prediction tool that enabled participants to create simple rules that monitored relevant indicators (e.g., commodity prices) to automatically update forecasts. We examined these rules in both a pool of previous participants in a geopolitical forecasting tournament (Study 1) and a naïve sample recruited from Mechanical Turk (Study 2). Across the two studies, we found that automated updates tended to improve …
Examining The Effects Of Parameter Correlation And Its Implications For Models Of Learning And Retention: A Large Scale Model Validation : Examining The Effects Of Parameter Correlation And Its Implications For Models Of Learning Andretention: A Large Scale Model Validation, Michael Gordon Collins
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Mathematical models of learning and retention have long been developed in psychology for both basic and applied research. For basic research, models of learning and retention attempt to explain how individuals acquire and retain information over time. While for applied research, models of learning and retention are used to inform education and training decisions. In both of these applications, the primary purpose of using a model is to fit and predict the performance of individuals. However, little attention has been paid to the interpretation of a model’s free parameters (i.e., learning and decay rates) and the effect that a model’s …
Treatment Of Ptsd And Sud For The Incarcerated Population With Emdr: A Pilot Study, Huma A. Bashir
Treatment Of Ptsd And Sud For The Incarcerated Population With Emdr: A Pilot Study, Huma A. Bashir
Human Services Faculty Publications
Adverse childhood experiences predict recidivism. In incarcerated individuals, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates are higher. A study with 122 inmates with PTSD and substance use disorder explored eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)’s effectiveness. EMDR worked across gender and race, reducing PCL-C scores posttreatment and at 2 and 4 weeks. IER-R scores lowered from weeks 1 to 9. EMDR boosted affect, reasoning, and attitudes posttreatment.
Leadership And Secure Base, Bincy Davis
Leadership And Secure Base, Bincy Davis
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Research on Attachment theory has established the need for secure base in adulthood (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1990). However, few researchers have explored the importance of secure base in a work setting. The purpose of my study was to examine the relevance of secure base in the leadership process. Results from pilot research (N = 272) showed that 13 leader behaviors were positively associated with secure base. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that 5 factors underlay these 13 leader behaviors. Results from structural equation modeling provided support for a secure base model of leader behaviors in Study 1 (N = 272 …
Investigating The Multi-Faceted Nature Of Cyberloafing Based On Job Features, Alexandria Bohn
Investigating The Multi-Faceted Nature Of Cyberloafing Based On Job Features, Alexandria Bohn
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After COVID-19, organizations have had to shift the nature of the workplace leading to increased access to personal devices and internet with remote and hybrid work environments. Over the past several years, technological advancements have allowed for employees to partake in cyberloafing behaviors. Cyberloafing is a tool in which an employee uses the internet for personal reasons during the workday. There has been a divide in the literature regarding the auspicious versus detrimental effects of cyberloafing on employee outcomes. Primarily, researchers have focused on the harm of cyberloafing, the money it costs organizations, and proper ways to reduce this employee …
Autonomy :A Modern Perspective, Riley Schwanz
Autonomy :A Modern Perspective, Riley Schwanz
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Organizational leaders want to retain employees who are healthy and motivated. Physical and mental health issues are on the rise in America for younger and older generations. Researchers have found that higher levels of autonomy relate to improved mental health, physical health, job satisfaction, performance, and the list goes on. However, a gap in the literature is a lack of understanding of the complex relationships between autonomy and outcomes, both functional and dysfunctional. I found that intrinsic motivation and autonomy support can compensate for lower levels of autonomy in one’s work. These new findings provide researchers and organizational leaders with …
Establishing Roots Before Branching Out: Parameter Recovery In Item Response Tree Models, Tyler Ryan
Establishing Roots Before Branching Out: Parameter Recovery In Item Response Tree Models, Tyler Ryan
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Item Response Trees are a type of item response model that incorporates information about conditional responding to items using a rooted tree graph structure. Researchers have used item response trees for common measurement tasks and for testing novel hypotheses. Previous simulation studies investigating item response trees either lack generalizability to the broad domain of their use or lack thorough investigation and reporting of the results. I conducted a simulation study to explore how sample size, test length, item characteristics, and tree structure affect both item and person parameter recovery for 1PL and 2PL models. The results suggested that, as with …
Development And Validation Of A Norm Violation Sexual Harassment Scale, Krista N. Harris
Development And Validation Of A Norm Violation Sexual Harassment Scale, Krista N. Harris
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Sexual harassment continues to be an important area of study. However, there’s a dearth of research regarding sexual harassment towards others that considers sex, gender, and sexual orientation. Previous research has suggested that gender harassment and heterosexist harassment are intertwined (Leskinen & Cortina, 2014), but little research has examined how the empirical and conceptual overlap of gender harassment and heterosexist harassment could allude to a more general construct, norm violation sexual harassment. Norm violation sexual harassment is an overarching construct focusing on norm violations rather than sex, gender, or sexual orientation specifically. Using two samples, my study demonstrates evidence for …
Pragmatically Appropriate Abstractive Summarization Of Jtac Radio Conversations, Spencer M. Seals
Pragmatically Appropriate Abstractive Summarization Of Jtac Radio Conversations, Spencer M. Seals
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In this work, I explore the development of computational methods for automatically creating after-action reports of JTAC radio conversations. Prior research has investigated related issues of sentence compression, text summarization, and conversation summarization (Banerjee, Mitra, & Sugiyama, 2015; Clarke & Lapata, 2008; L. Wang & Cardie, 2012; Raffel et al., 2020). However, this work makes limiting assumptions about what features are relevant to a summary and what sources of information should be included. I propose methods that combine knowledge from linguistic, procedural, and domain sources to address these limitations. Results indicate that the proposed model performs better than some of …
Short-Term Learning For Long-Term Retention : Dynamic Associative Memory, Joseph James Glavan Iv
Short-Term Learning For Long-Term Retention : Dynamic Associative Memory, Joseph James Glavan Iv
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Instead of characterizing transfer from short-term memory to long-term memory as the relocation of information from one structural system to another, I propose a theory that conceives of transfer as the learning processes that act on and transform the representations of the information itself. Dynamic Associative Memory posits that recently encoded memories are supported by active maintenance and the relevance of the current context. Over time, the current context becomes less relevant; therefore, the brain must learn contextually invariant associations between memories so that they may support themselves. I instantiated my theory in the ACT-R cognitive architecture and created a …
Investigating The Efficacy Of Novel Measures Of Careless Responding To Tests, Mark Christopher Ramsey
Investigating The Efficacy Of Novel Measures Of Careless Responding To Tests, Mark Christopher Ramsey
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Research has demonstrated that careless responding (CR) threatens the construct validity of measures (see Huang et al., 2015; Wise & Kong, 2005). Researchers have developed and studied many measurement approaches to capture CR in surveys, with different survey measures compensating for the practical or empirical limitations of other measures. This research is distinguished from ability test CR research because ability tests are fundamentally different from surveys. Within ability tests, CR research has focused only on response time and self-report measures of CR, both of which carry limitations. The former is inflexible because the index necessitates item-level response time information, and …
Perpetrator Workplace Aggression: Development Of A Perpetrator Aggression Scale (Pas), Md Rashedul Islam
Perpetrator Workplace Aggression: Development Of A Perpetrator Aggression Scale (Pas), Md Rashedul Islam
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Perpetrator workplace aggression has always been considered as a uni-dimensional construct from the uni-dimensional perspective. The most popular and widely used scale, interpersonal deviance scale (IDS; Bennett & Robinson, 2000), to assess perpetrator workplace aggression has only seven items (i.e., seven content areas), which lacks a high level of content-related and construct-related validity. Recently, researchers have suggested that perpetrator workplace aggression may be a construct with a general factor at the top (Sackett & DeVore, 2001); however, this general factor can be less clear for a more complex model (Marcus et al., 2016). Using three samples (N = 271, 337, …
The In-Between : Addressing The Gap In Identity Formation Modeling For Ex-Muslim Atheists, Fatima Afsheen Shaik
The In-Between : Addressing The Gap In Identity Formation Modeling For Ex-Muslim Atheists, Fatima Afsheen Shaik
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The transition between religiosity and disaffiliation has been under-represented in the literature. Furthermore, religious disaffiliation has thus far been studied in reference to religion broadly without further specification, except in the cases of Christianity and Catholicism, which have been studied far more often than other religions. Gaps in the research were identified and addressed using seven existing models of religious and nonreligious identity development. The extant literature was reviewed, analyzed via critical interpretive synthesis, and organized into an identity development model for ex-Muslim atheists. The resulting model consisted of the following stages: (1) religion as ascribed identity, (1a) socialization, (1b) …
Fasst: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Support Training An Educational Program To Teach Foster And Adoptive Parents About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Carolyn Matthews
Fasst: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Support Training An Educational Program To Teach Foster And Adoptive Parents About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Carolyn Matthews
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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term for a group of diagnoses that result from exposure to alcohol in utero. Alcohol creates a spectrum of impacts on the developing brain, contributing to lifelong physical, cognitive and behavioral implications. The prevalence of children with FASD in the foster care system is approximately 60 per 1000 children (Lange et al., 2013). Prevalence rates are underestimated due to children not being diagnosed or receiving an alternative diagnosis. This relates to various emotional, behavioral, social, and cognitive struggles for children and their families. To best serve this population and their families, it …
Using Metaperceptions To Evaluate Conscientiousness And Predict Gpa, Montana R. Woolley
Using Metaperceptions To Evaluate Conscientiousness And Predict Gpa, Montana R. Woolley
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Personality measures have been used for decades to predict many important workplace outcomes, however, the literature reveals weak predictive validities (Barrick et al., 2001; Morgeson et al., 2007). This study investigates metaperceptions, or an individual’s belief about how others perceive them (Laing et al., 1966), to determine if they are a more effective predictor of behavioral outcomes than the typical self-report measures used today. Metaperceptions capture a different perspective than classic self-reports and other-reports, and therefore may measure a different source of construct relevant variance. Using a student sample (N = 181), we tested three main hypotheses: (1) combining self-ratings, …
Personality And Organizational Justice Effects On Counterproductive Work Behavior, Alec C. Drabish
Personality And Organizational Justice Effects On Counterproductive Work Behavior, Alec C. Drabish
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Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) costs U.S. organizations billions annually (e.g., Bennett & Robinson, 2000). Any behavior that goes against the goals of an organization and is intended to harm either the organization or its members can fit the definition of CWB. To properly address these problems an accurate understanding of CWB and its’ determinants is necessary. Employee perceptions of fairness (organizational justice) is linked to CWB because employees reciprocate unfair treatment with CWB (e.g., Shaw et al., 2003), and the personality traits honesty-humility and self-control are also strong determinants of CWB because high levels of these traits will suppress the …
User Interface Design For Supervisory Control Of Multiple Manned And Unmanned Air Vehicles, Taleri Lynn Hammack
User Interface Design For Supervisory Control Of Multiple Manned And Unmanned Air Vehicles, Taleri Lynn Hammack
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This dissertation research will cover lessons learned from the three-year, iterative design and evaluation of TECUMSA (Tasking and Execution of Collaborative Unmanned and Manned Systems with Autonomy). TECUMSA is a graphical user interface and autonomous tool suite that enables a single operator (e.g., an Air Mission Commander) to team with autonomous capabilities (e.g., route planning, aircraft task allocation) to effectively command and control multiple manned and unmanned aircraft in a contested battlespace. The user/AMC was responsible for accomplishing a series of reconnaissance, surveillance, and threat neutralization tasks in a hostile and dynamic simulated battlespace. The main challenges in this problem …
Testing The Lumberjack Analogy: Automation, Situational Awareness, And Mental Workload, Justin W. Morgan
Testing The Lumberjack Analogy: Automation, Situational Awareness, And Mental Workload, Justin W. Morgan
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This study examines the effects of automation on the human user of that automation. Automation has been shown to produce a variety of benefits to employees in terms of performance and a reduction of workload, but research in this area indicates that this might be at the cost of situational awareness. This loss of situational awareness is thought to lead to “out-of-the-loop” performance effects. One way this set of effects has been explained is through the “lumberjack” analogy, which suggests these effects are related to degree of automation and automation failure. This study recreates the effects of automation on mental …
The Effect Of Fractal Dimensionality On Behavioral Judgments Of Built Environments, William Andrew Stalker
The Effect Of Fractal Dimensionality On Behavioral Judgments Of Built Environments, William Andrew Stalker
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This research examines the effects of fractal dimensionality on ratings of beauty, relaxation, and interest, when these patterns are incorporated in a built space. Previous findings suggest that fractal patterns can be used to mimic the beneficial psychological and physiological effects that arise from viewing nature. This research focuses on studying the impact of fractal patterns when presented within urban environments. The findings here are primarily consistent with previous research. Medium D patterns are preferred over the other pattern complexities. Low D patterns are consistently rated as more relaxing. High D patterns are rated as being more interesting over low …
Word Superiority Effects In Dyslexics, Sarah A. Sinclair-Amend
Word Superiority Effects In Dyslexics, Sarah A. Sinclair-Amend
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Distorting the word superiority effect with intraword spacing was used to investigate the processing difference in single-word reading for dyslexics and controls. Perfetti’s Reading model suggests that dyslexics would have reduced processing capacity with intraword spacing. Results from a Covid-modified experimental protocol generally did not support the hypothesis. There was poor differentiation between groups in the word capacity coefficient. Response time by itself was also not informative. However, dyslexics had reduced accuracy in distractor identification across intraword spacings due to the lack of retention in phonological working memory or attention in central executive deficit (Alt, Fox, Levy, et al., 2022; …
Indirect Effects Of Social Stressors, Emotional Labor, And Voice Facets On Attitudinal And Behavioral Outcomes Through Burnout, Maria Alejandra Flores Espina
Indirect Effects Of Social Stressors, Emotional Labor, And Voice Facets On Attitudinal And Behavioral Outcomes Through Burnout, Maria Alejandra Flores Espina
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Though researchers have found that burnout results in lower performance and can lead to employee turnover, this research has mainly examined main effects. It is important to study both additional antecedents and outcomes of burnout to better understand how to recognize burnout symptoms early, why they are occurring, and how to mitigate burnout. Also, it is important to examine underlying mechanisms and moderating effects between antecedents of burnout, burnout, and attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. I examined indirect effects of customer-related social stressors and emotional labor on job attitudes and withdrawal behaviors through burnout and moderation effects of voice perceptions on …
Fear Of Covid-19 And Depression: Mediating Role Of Anxiety And Stress Among University Students, Noreena Kausar, Amna Ishaq, Hafsa Qurban, Hafiz Abdur Rashid
Fear Of Covid-19 And Depression: Mediating Role Of Anxiety And Stress Among University Students, Noreena Kausar, Amna Ishaq, Hafsa Qurban, Hafiz Abdur Rashid
Journal of Bioresource Management
Fear of CIVID-19 and psychological health issues are most common in general population, health professionals and students after emerging the COVID-19 infection. The literature review elaborated the correlation among fear of COVID-19, stress, depression and anxiety among students at different levels.The current study was conducted with two objectives. First aim was to assess the relationships among fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety and depression among university students. The second objective was to measure the mediating role of anxiety and stress between the relationship of fear of COVID-19 and depression.Total 500 Government and private university students were selected through convenient sampling technique …
Mind Wandering As A Result Of Failed Self-Regulation: An Examination Of Novel Antecedents, Kent Etherton
Mind Wandering As A Result Of Failed Self-Regulation: An Examination Of Novel Antecedents, Kent Etherton
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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-regulatory mechanisms when predicting mind wandering. I collected data from a sample of undergraduate psychology students (N = 168) and full-time workers (N = 660). The hypothesized model did not produce acceptable fit. However, through alternative model testing, I discovered a well-fitting model of self-regulatory predictors of mind wandering. These results contributed to the literature by providing evidence that motivational mechanisms significantly predict mind wandering in both student and work contexts and raise issues relating to 1) the uni- versus multi-dimensionality of approach and avoid-motivational temperaments, 2) distinctions between …
Investigating The Relationship Between Ethics Program Components, Individual Attributes, And Perceptions Of Ethical Climate, Aaron Buchanan
Investigating The Relationship Between Ethics Program Components, Individual Attributes, And Perceptions Of Ethical Climate, Aaron Buchanan
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Though research has identified common outcomes of ethical work climates, less is known regarding its antecedents. Situational components such as ethics programs and individual, moral-related variables such as moral identity and moral attentiveness may influence the way employees perceive the ethical climate of their organization. I conducted t-tests and calculated bivariate correlations to determine if there were significant relationships between ethics program components, individual moral-related variables and ethical climate dimensions. My results (N = 422 recruited from Mechanical Turk) revealed that ethics program components and individual, moral-related variables are significantly related to multiple dimensions of ethical climate. Most significant relationships …
The Predictive Power Of Machiavellianism, Emotional Manipulation, Agreeableness, And Emotional Intelligence On Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Ryan L. Walters
The Predictive Power Of Machiavellianism, Emotional Manipulation, Agreeableness, And Emotional Intelligence On Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Ryan L. Walters
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Characteristics of Machiavellian individuals include a propensity to manipulate and deceive others, making them susceptible to committing counterproductive work behaviors (Deshong et al., 2014). Machiavellians endorse emotional manipulation as a tactic to achieve desirable outcomes, and experience deficits in emotional intelligence and agreeableness (Austin at al., 2007). The purpose of my study is to examine Machiavellianism and emotional intelligence and their relationships to counterproductive work behaviors. I collected survey results via Amazon MTURK with a sample of 153 participants. Bivariate correlation analyses show that Machiavellianism positively predicted Emotional Manipulation and negatively predicted Emotional Intelligence. Emotional manipulation was found to partially …
Ecological Interface Design For Flexible Manufacturing Systems: An Empirical Assessment Of Direct Perception And Direct Manipulation In The Interface, Dylan G. Cravens
Ecological Interface Design For Flexible Manufacturing Systems: An Empirical Assessment Of Direct Perception And Direct Manipulation In The Interface, Dylan G. Cravens
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Four interfaces were developed to factorially apply two principles of ecological interface design (EID; direct perception and direct manipulation) to a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The theoretical foundation and concepts employed during their development, with findings related to more significant issues regarding interface design for complex socio-technical systems, are discussed. Key aspects of cognitive systems engineering (CSE) and EID are also discussed. An FMS synthetic task environment was developed, and an experiment was conducted to evaluate real-time decision support during supervisory operations. Participants used all four interfaces to supervise and maintain daily part production at systematically varied levels of difficulty …
Ecological Interface Design For Flexible Manufacturing Systems: An Empirical Assessment Of Direct Perception And Direct Manipulation In The Interface, Dylan G. Cravens
Ecological Interface Design For Flexible Manufacturing Systems: An Empirical Assessment Of Direct Perception And Direct Manipulation In The Interface, Dylan G. Cravens
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Four interfaces were developed to factorially apply two principles of ecological interface design (EID; direct perception and direct manipulation) to a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). The theoretical foundation and concepts employed during their development, with findings related to more significant issues regarding interface design for complex socio-technical systems, are discussed. Key aspects of cognitive systems engineering (CSE) and EID are also discussed. An FMS synthetic task environment was developed, and an experiment was conducted to evaluate real-time decision support during supervisory operations. Participants used all four interfaces to supervise and maintain daily part production at systematically varied levels of difficulty …
Understanding And Improving Coordination Efficiency In The Minimum Effort Game: Counterfactual- And Behavioral-Based Nudging And Cognitive Modeling, Alexander R. Hough
Understanding And Improving Coordination Efficiency In The Minimum Effort Game: Counterfactual- And Behavioral-Based Nudging And Cognitive Modeling, Alexander R. Hough
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Individuals often need to coordinate with others to pursue and achieve goals. However, individuals often fail to coordinate on any choice or on efficient (i.e., higher reward) choices. Researchers addressing coordination failure often used invasive methods ranging in complexity and generalizability with minimal success. There are also no clear measures for coordination behaviors. Here, I used a more parsimonious and generalizable method: Using counterfactuals (i.e., hypothetical outcomes had they or other players chosen differently) to nudge (i.e., indirectly guide and allow for free choice) individuals towards choosing options that are more likely to result in efficient coordination. I simulated a …