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Functionally Distinct Pools Of Calcineurin Contribute To Depotentiation-Like Synaptic Changes In The Lateral Amygdala During Auditory Fear Extinction, Elena Kay Rotondo
Functionally Distinct Pools Of Calcineurin Contribute To Depotentiation-Like Synaptic Changes In The Lateral Amygdala During Auditory Fear Extinction, Elena Kay Rotondo
Theses and Dissertations
Until recently, auditory fear extinction was not thought to modify substrates involved in the storage of the original auditory fear memory. Evidence now suggests that extinction results in the reversal of the fear conditioning-induced potentiation of thalamic inputs to the lateral amygdala. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that support this depotentiation of synaptic strength. Here we present behavioral and molecular evidence in support of the contribution of two distinct pools of the protein phosphatase calcineurin to depotentiation-like changes in lateral amygdala AMPA receptor trafficking during auditory fear extinction. Calcineurin protein that exists prior to the onset of …
Transitioning Into Adulthood: Exploring The Educational Trajectories Among Undocumented Latinos, Michelle G. Parisot
Transitioning Into Adulthood: Exploring The Educational Trajectories Among Undocumented Latinos, Michelle G. Parisot
Theses and Dissertations
The following qualitative study used semi-structured qualitative interviews to investigate the educational trajectories of five undocumented Latinos who were either in the process of transitioning into a college program or had recently enrolled in a college program. An initial interview was conducted with each of the participants followed by a follow-up interview about 3-months after the initial interview was conducted. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was used to carry out this research study. Therefore, collaboration with participants and key community members was essential throughout the entire research process. A research team was created to perform thorough data analysis and …
Effects Of Reinforcement Duration And Duration-Correlated Stimuli On Preference In Pigeons, Michael James Harman
Effects Of Reinforcement Duration And Duration-Correlated Stimuli On Preference In Pigeons, Michael James Harman
Theses and Dissertations
Pigeons were trained in a two-key, concurrent chains choice procedure with equal initial and terminal links. Across conditions, the durations of reinforcement in the terminal links were either equal (3-s vs 3-s) or unequal (3-s vs 6-s), and these durations were either uncued by hopper lights (both white) or cued (3-s: white; 6-s: colored). The pigeons’ choice responding leading to the longer duration of reinforcement was generally in the range of indifference with nondifferential hopper lights, but favored the longer duration with differential hopper lights. Taken together, the data suggest that differential hopper lights facilitated the discrimination of the longer …
Using Video Modeling To Teach Parents To Use The Natural Language Paradigm, Brittany Ann Leblanc
Using Video Modeling To Teach Parents To Use The Natural Language Paradigm, Brittany Ann Leblanc
Theses and Dissertations
There is paucity of research examining the use of video modeling to train parents to implement formats of early intervention such as Naturalistic Environmental Training (NET). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of video modeling to train parents to implement the Naturalistic Language Paradigm (NLP), a specific format of NET, with their children diagnosed with or suspected of having autism spectrum disorder. All three parents demonstrated accurate performance of the components of NLP with an adult confederate and met the mastery criterion in two or three video modeling sessions. We measured the parent’s accurate implementation …
Developing Interpretation Training For Modifying Thought-Action-Fusion Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Stephan Gordon Siwiec
Developing Interpretation Training For Modifying Thought-Action-Fusion Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Stephan Gordon Siwiec
Theses and Dissertations
In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), obsessions are in part caused by the belief that simply having a thought can increase the chance of an event occurring or represents a person’s morality. This phenomenon is Thought-Action-Fusion (TAF) and is common in OCD. Challenging these beliefs through Interpretation Training (IT) has been used in past research to modify negative interpretations, and lessen the distress and grief associated with them. The current study examined whether three sessions of computerized IT, challenging TAF obsessional thoughts, can impact TAF strength and OC symptoms. Thirty-nine non-clinical students were randomized to either: (1) an active condition (TAFMOD), where …
Interrupting The Conspiracy Of Silence: Historical Trauma And The Experiences Of Hmong American Women, Ia Xiong
Theses and Dissertations
The Hmong have endured a history of oppressive and traumatic experiences. The Secret War was particularly significant as it resulted in genocide, dislocation, and oppression for the Hmong. In addition, the Hmong experience and their involvement as U.S. allies remained largely a secret for several decades. Current research suggests that Hmong Americans experience a high prevalence of mental health issues including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse as well as other health disparities. The purpose of this project was to explore how a history of massive group trauma and secrecy maintained about the Hmong may contribute to the current conditions of …
Exploring Community Reentry After Incarceration With Recently Released American Indian/Alaska Native Persons, Holly Wohlers
Exploring Community Reentry After Incarceration With Recently Released American Indian/Alaska Native Persons, Holly Wohlers
Theses and Dissertations
American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons comprise 1.7% of the population in the United States (U.S.), 1.1% of the population in the state of Wisconsin (WI), and represent immense diversity with over 566 federally recognized Sovereign Nations. Despite their relatively small numbers, AI/AN persons suffer a wide variety of extreme biopsychosocial disparities. In Wisconsin, this includes the highest incarceration rate of any ethnic group. Building upon a community partnership, the project examined the areas of challenge and support for AI/AN persons in Wisconsin who sought reintegration into an urban community after incarceration. Via the Extended Case Method, the project explored the …
The Lived Experiences Of An Injured Athlete And Members Of A Performance Management Team During Injury Rehabilitation: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Courtney Wynne Hess
The Lived Experiences Of An Injured Athlete And Members Of A Performance Management Team During Injury Rehabilitation: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Courtney Wynne Hess
Theses and Dissertations
In response to an ever growing understanding of the biopsychosocial nature of health and well-being, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to rehabilitation have grown in acceptance over the past decade. Studies that have explored the effect of these two approaches have found them to be effective in improving rehabilitation outcomes (McAlister et al., 2001; Tur et al., 2003). Although they have been shown to be objectively effective, the impact that these approaches have on the lived experiences of the team employing them, and the athlete or patient they serve, is not well understood. As such, the purpose of the current study …
Facilitating Visual Selective Attention Via Monetary Reward: The Influence Of Feedback, Hedonic Capacity, And Lifetime Major Depressive Disorder, Lauren Elizabeth Taubitz
Facilitating Visual Selective Attention Via Monetary Reward: The Influence Of Feedback, Hedonic Capacity, And Lifetime Major Depressive Disorder, Lauren Elizabeth Taubitz
Theses and Dissertations
Recently, several researchers have demonstrated that reward enhances visual selective attention; however, no one has evaluated how individual differences in reward sensitivity or psychopathology involving disturbances in hedonic capacity (e.g., Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)) affect this process. In this investigation, a novel incentivized visual search task was developed to unite the literatures on reward facilitation of attention with the studies of individual differences in hedonic capacity and remitted MDD (rMDD). 161 undergraduates responded to self-report measures and completed standard and incentivized visual search tasks. In the standard task, subjects had to indicate if a letter F (target) was present or …
A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Online, Modular, Active Learning Training Program For Behavioral Activation Treatment For Depression, Ajeng Juwita Puspitasari
A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Online, Modular, Active Learning Training Program For Behavioral Activation Treatment For Depression, Ajeng Juwita Puspitasari
Theses and Dissertations
This randomized-controlled trial was conducted in 2013-2014 and aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an online, trainer-led Behavioral Activation (BA) training when compared to an online, self-paced BA training. Graduate students (N = 80) in Clinical Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Social Work, and Psychiatry Residency programs were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to either the trainer-led BA training (N = 40) or the self-paced BA training (N = 40). The trainer-led BA training consisted of four 90-minute trainer-led online sessions guided by a BA trainer and training activities included didactic, modeling, practice, and feedback. The self-paced BA training consisted of four …
Relationship Between Learning-Related Synaptic And Intrinsic Plasticity Within Lateral Amygdala, Megha Sehgal
Relationship Between Learning-Related Synaptic And Intrinsic Plasticity Within Lateral Amygdala, Megha Sehgal
Theses and Dissertations
A central question in neuroscience is to determine the mechanisms that govern formation, storage and modulation of memories. Determining these mechanisms would allow us to facilitate new memory formation as in the case of aging-related cognitive decline or weaken preexisting pathological memories such as traumatic memories and cue-induced drug craving. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability has been demonstrated to impact the strength of memory formation, allocation of memories, and modulation of memories through retrieval and reconsolidation-dependent processes. In addition to experimental manipulations of intrinsic excitability, intrinsic plasticity, a change in neuronal intrinsic excitability, can be brought about …
Comparison Of Conversation And Narrative Language Abilities In Children With Autism: Diagnostic And Therapeutic Considerations, Corissa Kroenke
Comparison Of Conversation And Narrative Language Abilities In Children With Autism: Diagnostic And Therapeutic Considerations, Corissa Kroenke
Theses and Dissertations
Many children with autism experience significant difficulty with comprehension and expression of spoken language. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) require sensitive assessments to describe the unique profiles of individual clients with autism so that appropriate treatments can be prescribed. Language sample analysis is a current best-practice for describing language profiles in children with language difficulties, though there is a limited literature describing clinical best-practices for children with autism. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in conversation and narrative language abilities in children with autism. Language ability was also analyzed in comparison to age-matched typically developing peers. This goal …
Disordered Eating And Spiritual Well-Being In College-Age Women, Laura Carter
Disordered Eating And Spiritual Well-Being In College-Age Women, Laura Carter
Theses and Dissertations
The Theistic Model of Human Nature and Psychopathology suggests that human development and personality are influenced by biological, social, psychological, cognitive, and affective processes, but the essence of identity and personality is spiritual (Richards and Bergin, 2005). Religious/spiritual issues are often crucial components in understanding the etiology of and recovery from mental illness, including but not limited to eating disorders (Plante & Sharma, 2001; Richards, Hardman, & Berrett, 2007). There is a paucity of quantitative research, however, examining the relationships and role of spirituality and eating disorders. The present study examines the relationship between spiritual well-being and disordered eating. Upper-level …
Regulation Of Mtor And Erk Signaling In The Amygdala Through Proteolytic Modulation Of Pp2a Activity Following Auditory Fear Learning, David Sylvan Reis
Regulation Of Mtor And Erk Signaling In The Amygdala Through Proteolytic Modulation Of Pp2a Activity Following Auditory Fear Learning, David Sylvan Reis
Theses and Dissertations
The consolidation of fear memories is known to depend on a number of critical cellular processes including de novo protein synthesis and 26S proteasome-dependent protein degradation following auditory fear conditioning (Jarome et al., 2011; Kwapis et al., 2011). Early work has suggested that protein degradation, mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), may regulate the requirement for de novo protein synthesis during memory consolidation (Jarome & Helmstetter, 2014). However, the precise way in which the UPS is able to regulate mechanisms of protein synthesis remain unclear. In the present set of experiments, we investigated the role of the protein phosphatase …
Predicting Parent Health-Related Quality Of Life In A Community Sample: A Cumulative Risk Model, Ellen Kristin Defenderfer
Predicting Parent Health-Related Quality Of Life In A Community Sample: A Cumulative Risk Model, Ellen Kristin Defenderfer
Theses and Dissertations
National surveys estimate that nearly 30% of children have at least one chronic medical condition and the prevalence is likely to continue to increase. This trend has drawn attention to improving child and parent quality of life in families affected by pediatric chronic conditions. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of parental caregivers has been tied to poorer child functioning as well as parent mental health concerns across pediatric conditions. Several predictors of poor Parental HRQoL consistently emerge: single parent status; low socioeconomic status; poor general family functioning; lower child HRQoL; and a lack of social support. The current study evaluated …
Teaching Sighted Students To Read Braille Visually, Brittany C. Putnam
Teaching Sighted Students To Read Braille Visually, Brittany C. Putnam
Theses and Dissertations
For many visually impaired children in public schools, braille instruction is not an educational priority included in the Individualized Education Program (IEP). This issue is likely the result of a lack of accessible and effective braille training for regular and special education teachers. Prior studies have assessed the efficacy of computer software to teach sighted individuals braille-to-print relations. Although the results from these studies are promising, there are several limitations that should be addressed. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research by developing and testing a computer-based program to teach visual contracted braille to sighted individuals. We …
Hypnotic Susceptibility Of Inpatient Adolescents, Michael B. Quant
Hypnotic Susceptibility Of Inpatient Adolescents, Michael B. Quant
Theses and Dissertations
A substantial body of literature suggests hypnosis is an effective therapeutic intervention for adolescents who suffer from a wide variety of psychological troubles (Rhue & Lynn, 1991; Schowalter, 1994; Wester & Sugarman, 2007). As compared to adults, adolescents' openness to experiences along with their imaginative capacity uniquely primes them to benefit from hypnotherapy (Bowers & LeBaron, 1986). Many studies have shown adolescents to respond to hypnotic suggestions at high levels. However, minimal research has investigated adolescents' responsiveness to hypnotic interventions while they are receiving treatment in psychiatric settings. Thus, this study investigated if adolescents in psychiatric inpatient settings respond to …
Changing The Quality Of Interpersonal Behaviors Between Pregnant Adolescents And Expectant Young Fathers: An Analysis Of A Co-Parenting Intervention, Melissa Hernandez
Changing The Quality Of Interpersonal Behaviors Between Pregnant Adolescents And Expectant Young Fathers: An Analysis Of A Co-Parenting Intervention, Melissa Hernandez
Theses and Dissertations
The transition to parenthood is typically regarded as a difficult adjustment period for couples. In comparison to adult parents, pregnant adolescent mothers and young expectant fathers experience increased stressors during the transition to parenthood. There are significant implications for the wellbeing of the adolescents, as well as for their child, when the transition to parenthood is contentious. This study examined whether the Young Parenthood Project (YPP), a program focused on improving the co-parenting alliance, could improve the interpersonal interactions between adolescent mothers and their counterpart expectant fathers. Participants (n=106 couples) were randomized into one of three groups: 1) control, 2) …
Motivational Interviewing In Primary Care And General Health Care Settings: A Meta-Analysis, Michele Kathryn Olson
Motivational Interviewing In Primary Care And General Health Care Settings: A Meta-Analysis, Michele Kathryn Olson
Theses and Dissertations
The rate of mortality and morbidity due to alcohol consumption warrants a comprehensive and evidence-based investigation exploring the efficacy of behavioral interventions within a general health care setting as a means of alcohol reduction. A particular type of intervention, known as Motivational Interviewing (MI; Miller, 1983) and Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET; Miller, Sovereign, & Krege, 1988), both of which have seen surge in popularity, merits further inspection. Through electronic database searching, hand searching previous meta-analyses and systematic reviews, and searching the Motivational Network of Trainers bibliographic resource, 33 randomized controlled trials were located isolating the effect of motivational interviewing in …
Family Connections: The Impact Of Self-Disclosure, Solidarity, And Stereotyping On Relational Satisfaction In Grandparent-Adult Grandchild Dyads, Deanne Priddis
Family Connections: The Impact Of Self-Disclosure, Solidarity, And Stereotyping On Relational Satisfaction In Grandparent-Adult Grandchild Dyads, Deanne Priddis
Theses and Dissertations
As life expectancy increases, the length of time in both the grandparent and adult grandchild role increase. The grandparent-adult grandchild relationship is integral to the health and preservation of the family system. The sample for this quantitative study included 62 grandparent-adult grandchild dyads, 124 individuals. Findings indicate that both the grandparents and the adult grandchildren experienced meaning and burden in the grandparent-adult grandchild relationship. The six different types of solidarity (affectual, consensual, structural, associational, functional, and normative) had varying associations with relational satisfaction for the grandparents and adult grandchildren. Although there are several self-disclosures in a close grandparent-adult grandchild relationship, …
"I Know I Can't Be The Only Lesbian Out There:" An Inductive Thematic Analysis Of A Virtual Community Of Lesbian Breast Cancer Survivors, Rachael Lynn Wandrey
"I Know I Can't Be The Only Lesbian Out There:" An Inductive Thematic Analysis Of A Virtual Community Of Lesbian Breast Cancer Survivors, Rachael Lynn Wandrey
Theses and Dissertations
Sexual minority women are at a significantly greater risk for developing breast cancer (BC) than heterosexual women. Little is known about the unique BC experiences of lesbian women. The present thesis describes the findings of an inductive thematic analysis of messages posted to a large lesbian-specific discussion forum found on breastcancer.org. Fifteen themes were identified, including privileging sensation over appearance, experiencing heterosexism in medical contexts, believing others perceive a lack of distress over breast loss because of patient’s lesbian sexual orientation, feeling pressure from surgeons to get reconstructive surgery, and viewing the BC journey as a sexual-identity disclosure crisis. In …
Comparing Fixed-Amount And Progressive-Amount Schedules Of Reinforcement For Tic Suppression, Matthew Richard Capriotti
Comparing Fixed-Amount And Progressive-Amount Schedules Of Reinforcement For Tic Suppression, Matthew Richard Capriotti
Theses and Dissertations
Chronic tic disorders (CTDs) involve motor and/or vocal tics that cause substantial distress and impairment. Existing behavioral interventions for CTDs have comparable efficacy to pharmacological treatments but still leave many individuals with significant tic symptoms and impairment. One approach to improving existing treatments involves conducting pre-clinical laboratory research to evaluate procedures that may be attractive candidates for applied treatment research. Reinforcing tic suppression via differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) procedures produces decreases in tic frequency of ~80% in youth with CTDs; however, a more robust reduction may be needed to affect durable clinical change. The present study compared the …
A Long Term Follow Up To A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention For Tics, Flint Martin Espil
A Long Term Follow Up To A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention For Tics, Flint Martin Espil
Theses and Dissertations
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by stereotyped involuntary movements called tics. Tics can be movements or sounds and usually present first during childhood. Although tics may wax and wane throughout life, few long-term follow up studies of tic disorders have been conducted. In the past decade, behavior therapy has become a promising treatment for individuals with TS. Studies on behavior therapy for tics show favorable results at post treatment, but no studies have examined the long-term effects of such treatments beyond 10 months. The current study aimed to address this lack of research by conducting assessments with …
Examining The Constant Difference Effect In A Concurrent Chains Procedure, Carrie Suzanne Prentice
Examining The Constant Difference Effect In A Concurrent Chains Procedure, Carrie Suzanne Prentice
Theses and Dissertations
According to the constant difference effect (Savastano & Fantino, 1996), preference for the shorter link in a pair of terminal links should be the same as for the shorter link of another pair of terminal links, given that the absolute difference between the two terminal links is constant. Hyperbolic Delay Discounting (Mazur & Biondi, 2009; see also Mazur, 2002) asserts that preference for the shorter link should decrease hyperbolically. The current experiment examined these models using pigeons as subjects in a concurrent chains experiment, with equal initial links of VI 30 s and terminal links of VI 10 s vs …
Predicting Postraumatic Stress Disorder In Single-Incident Trauma Survivors With An Acute Injury, Joshua C. Hunt
Predicting Postraumatic Stress Disorder In Single-Incident Trauma Survivors With An Acute Injury, Joshua C. Hunt
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to create a brief and easily administered screen that can be used by hospital staff to identify those at risk for the later development of PTSD. Utilizing previous research examining pretrauma, peritrauma, and posttrauma risk factors for the development of PTSD among single-incident trauma survivors with an acute injury, an item pool was created and reviewed by experts in the field. This item pool along with a previously created screen were given to patients admitted to two level 1 trauma centers in the U.S. A follow-up was conducted at one month in which participants …