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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
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Brooding Deficits In Memory: Focusing Attention Improves Subsequent Recall, Paula T. Hertel, Amanda A. Benbow, E. Geraerts
Brooding Deficits In Memory: Focusing Attention Improves Subsequent Recall, Paula T. Hertel, Amanda A. Benbow, E. Geraerts
Psychology Faculty Research
Ruminative habits of thought about one’s problems and the resulting consequences are correlated with symptoms of depression and cognitive biases (Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008). In our orienting task, brooders and nonbrooders concentrated on self-focusing phrases while they were also exposed to neutral target words. On each trial in the unfocused condition, participants saw and then reported the target before concentrating on the phrase; in the focused condition, the target was reported after phrase concentration. A brooding-related deficit on a subsequent unexpected test of free and forced recall was obtained in the unfocused condition only. Brooders recalled more successfully in …
Genetic Contributions To The Midsagittal Area Of The Corpus Callosum, Kimberley A. Phillips, J. Rogers, E. A. Barrett, D. C. Glahn, P. Kochunov
Genetic Contributions To The Midsagittal Area Of The Corpus Callosum, Kimberley A. Phillips, J. Rogers, E. A. Barrett, D. C. Glahn, P. Kochunov
Psychology Faculty Research
The degree to which genes and environment determine variations in brain structure and function is fundamentally important to understanding normal and disease-related patterns of neural organization and activity. We studied genetic contributions to the midsagittal area of the corpus callosum (CC) in pedigreed baboons (68 males, 112 females) to replicate findings of high genetic contribution to that area of the CC reported in humans, and to determine if the heritability of the CC midsagittal area in adults was modulated by fetal development rate. Measurements of callosal area were obtained from high-resolution MRI scans. Heritability was estimated from pedigree-based maximum likelihood …
Topography Of The Chimpanzee Corpus Callosum, Kimberley A. Phillips, William D. Hopkins
Topography Of The Chimpanzee Corpus Callosum, Kimberley A. Phillips, William D. Hopkins
Psychology Faculty Research
The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural white matter tract in mammalian brains, connecting homotopic and heterotopic regions of the cerebral cortex. Knowledge of the distribution of callosal fibers projecting into specific cortical regions has important implications for understanding the evolution of lateralized structures and functions of the cerebral cortex. No comparisons of CC topography in humans and great apes have yet been conducted. We investigated the topography of the CC in 21 chimpanzees using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Tractography was conducted based on fiber assignment by continuous tracking (FACT) algorithm. We expected …
Age-Related Differences In Corpus Callosum Area Of Capuchin Monkeys, Kimberley A. Phillips, Chet C. Sherwood
Age-Related Differences In Corpus Callosum Area Of Capuchin Monkeys, Kimberley A. Phillips, Chet C. Sherwood
Psychology Faculty Research
Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) are New World primates with relatively large brains for their body size. The developmental trajectories of several brain regions-including cortical white matter, frontal lobe white matter, and basal ganglia nuclei-are similar to humans. Additionally, capuchins have independently evolved several behavioral and anatomical characteristics in common with humans and chimpanzees-including complex manipulative abilities, use of tools, and the use of precision grips-making them interesting species for studies of comparative brain morphology and organization. Here, we report the first investigation into the development of the corpus callosum (CC) and its regional subdivisions in capuchins. CC development …
Suppression-Induced Forgetting On A Free-Association Test, Paula T. Hertel, Daniel Large, Ellen Stuck, Allison Levy
Suppression-Induced Forgetting On A Free-Association Test, Paula T. Hertel, Daniel Large, Ellen Stuck, Allison Levy
Psychology Faculty Research
The repeated suppression of thoughts in response to cues for their expression leads to forgetting on a subsequent test of cued recall (Anderson & Green, 2001). We extended this effect by using homograph cues and presenting them for free association following suppression practice. Cue-target pairs were first learned under integrating imagery instructions; then in the think/no-think phase students practiced suppressing thoughts connected to some homograph cues, with or without the assistance of thought substitutes that changed their meaning. Below-baseline forgetting on the subsequent free-association test was found in the production of suppressed targets. Following aided suppression, this effect was also …
Can We Reduce Eating Disorder Risk Factors In Female College Athletes? A Randomized Exploratory Investigation Of Two Peer-Led Interventions, Carolyn Becker, Leda Mcdaniel, Stephanie Bull, Marc Powell, Kevin Mcintyre
Can We Reduce Eating Disorder Risk Factors In Female College Athletes? A Randomized Exploratory Investigation Of Two Peer-Led Interventions, Carolyn Becker, Leda Mcdaniel, Stephanie Bull, Marc Powell, Kevin Mcintyre
Psychology Faculty Research
Female athletes are at least as at risk as other women for eating disorders (EDs) and at risk for the female athlete triad (i.e., inadequate energy availability, menstrual disorders, and osteoporosis). This study investigated whether two evidence-based programs appear promising for future study if modified to address the unique needs of female athletes. Athletes were randomly assigned to athlete-modified dissonance prevention or healthy weight intervention (AM-HWI). ED risk factors were assessed pre/post-treatment, and 6-week and 1-year follow-up. Results (analyzed sample, N = 157) indicated that both interventions reduced thin-ideal internalization, dietary restraint, bulimic pathology, shape and weight concern, and negative …
Children Use Different Cues To Guide Noun And Verb Extensions, Jane B. Childers, M. Elaine Heard, Kolette Ring, Anushka Pai, Julie Sallquist
Children Use Different Cues To Guide Noun And Verb Extensions, Jane B. Childers, M. Elaine Heard, Kolette Ring, Anushka Pai, Julie Sallquist
Psychology Faculty Research
Learning new words involves decoding both how a word fits the current situation and how it could be used in new situations. Three studies explore how two types of cues— sentence structure and the availability of multiple instances-- affect children’s extensions of nouns and verbs. In each study, 2½-year-olds heard nouns, verbs or no new word while seeing the experimenter use a novel object to perform an action; at test, they were asked to extend the word. In Study 1, children hearing nouns in simple sentences used object shape as the basis for extension even though, during the learning phase, …
How Judgments Change Following Comparison Of Current And Prior Information, Dolores Albarracin, Harry M. Wallace, W. Hart, R. D. Brown
How Judgments Change Following Comparison Of Current And Prior Information, Dolores Albarracin, Harry M. Wallace, W. Hart, R. D. Brown
Psychology Faculty Research
Although much observed judgment change is superficial and occurs without considering prior information, other forms of change also occur. Comparison between prior and new information about an issue may trigger change by influencing either or both the perceived strength and direction of the new information. In four experiments, participants formed and reported initial judgments of a policy based on favorable written information about it. Later, these participants read a second passage containing strong favorable or unfavorable information on the policy. Compared to control conditions, subtle and direct prompts to compare the initial and new information led to more judgment change …
Reflected Appraisal Through A 21st-Century Looking Glass, Harry M. Wallace, Dianne M. Tice
Reflected Appraisal Through A 21st-Century Looking Glass, Harry M. Wallace, Dianne M. Tice
Psychology Faculty Research
The concept of reflected appraisal—also known as reflected self-appraisal or the looking-glass self—refers to the processes by which people's self-views are influenced by their perceptions of how others view them. Reflected appraisal is reflected in the metaphor that people use others as a mirror (i.e., looking glass) for judging themselves, and also in the sense that others' judgments are reflected in self-judgments. The concept refers simultaneously to person A's self-appraisal and person A's appraisal of person B's appraisal of person A. These appraisals exert reciprocal influence: Self-views affect judgments of others' views, and judgments …