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Understanding Motivational Climate And Team Cohesion In Youth Sport, Annika M. Ewaldz
Understanding Motivational Climate And Team Cohesion In Youth Sport, Annika M. Ewaldz
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of both peer-created and coach-created motivational climate on team cohesion was studied in a sample of 136 youth athletes. Task-involving aspects of both peer-and coach-created motivational climates were found to be positively related to team cohesion. Coach-created ego-involving climate was negatively related to team cohesion, most significantly attraction to group-task (ATG-T) cohesion. Peer-created ego-involving motivational climate was significantly, negatively related to group integration-task (GI-T) cohesion. Peer-created motivational climate accounted for variance above and beyond the influence of coach-created motivational climate on team cohesion. The results of this study suggest that a peer-created motivational climate influences team cohesion above …
Measurement Invariance And Psychometric Properties Of Career Indecision Profile-65 Scores: College Student And Non-College Samples, Casey J. Zobell
Measurement Invariance And Psychometric Properties Of Career Indecision Profile-65 Scores: College Student And Non-College Samples, Casey J. Zobell
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reports the results of a study conducted to examine psychometric properties of Career Indecision Profile-65 scores, including measurement invariance between college student and non-college samples. The responses of 529 college students and 472 non-college students to an online survey revealed that a four-factor structure fit the data in both samples well. Metric invariance was not supported. Six-week test-retest reliability was found to be high, and in the expected range. The tendency to maximize was found to be correlated strongly with one of the four factors. This study furthered the psychometric research for the Career Indecision Profile-65 and found …
The Impact Of Gender-Biased Language In State Regulations Upon Judgments About Foster Children, Hannah R. J. Heinzel
The Impact Of Gender-Biased Language In State Regulations Upon Judgments About Foster Children, Hannah R. J. Heinzel
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the impact of gender-biased language in the wording of state regulations governing the treatment of foster children in Illinois. Participants were given excerpts of legal language written with either gender-biased or gender-inclusive language and then asked to judge a hypothetical situation involving a male or a female child. It was hypothesized that gender-biased language would have differential effects on interpretation of the language for boys versus girls; we also proposed a moderated mediation model that hypothesized activation of gendered constructs would mediate the interpretation of gendered language. According to the hypothesized model, participant sexism and attitudes towards …
An Item Response Theory Analysis Of Emotional Expressivity Measures, Melissa K. Matheys
An Item Response Theory Analysis Of Emotional Expressivity Measures, Melissa K. Matheys
Theses and Dissertations
The understanding of psychometric properties of emotional expressivity measures is often limited to rudimentary statistics. The present study investigated, in depth, the psychometric properties of four measures of emotional expressivity (the Self-Concealment Scale, the Distress Disclosure Index, the Emotional Expressivity Scale, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire – Suppression subscale). Item response theory (IRT) analyses suggested that recoded versions of the measures’ Likert scales may be beneficial in practice as well as the deletion of some measures’ items. IRT analyses of the four measures of emotional expressivity provide more information than classical test theory statistics about how to implement these measures …
The Effects Of Cultural Cognition And Parent Perceptions Of Autism Spectrum Disorder On Perceptions Of Intervention Efficacy, Jillian R. Reiher
The Effects Of Cultural Cognition And Parent Perceptions Of Autism Spectrum Disorder On Perceptions Of Intervention Efficacy, Jillian R. Reiher
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has identified many interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Some of these interventions are evidence-based; others are not. However, previous research has also found that parents select interventions for their children with ASD on the basis of several factors other than the evidence base, including their emotional representations of ASD and their perceptions of the timeline, consequences, and causes of ASD. Other research has found that people’s cultural worldviews influence their decision-making on a variety of social and political issues. The current study examined the relationships between these factors and parents’ perceptions of the efficacy of evidence-based and …
Cognitive Bias And Adolescent Risk-Taking, Mayuko Nakamura
Cognitive Bias And Adolescent Risk-Taking, Mayuko Nakamura
Theses and Dissertations
Although the framing effect (i.e., the tendency of people to react differently to a particular choice depending on whether the choice is presented as a loss or as a gain) is a well-established cognitive bias among the adult population, there have been a limited number of studies with adolescent samples. In the current study, adolescents (14-18) and adults (18-26) will be asked to make choices in several decision problems including the classic Asian Disease Problem (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981) and modified “adolescent-relevant” versions that are applicable to the real-world experiences of adolescents. Individual difference measures, such as Individuals’ thinking-style (i.e., …
Optimizing Cross-Battery Assessment Procedures For Reading-Based Specific Learning Disorder Diagnosis: A Monte Carlo Study, Zachary Joseph Roman
Optimizing Cross-Battery Assessment Procedures For Reading-Based Specific Learning Disorder Diagnosis: A Monte Carlo Study, Zachary Joseph Roman
Theses and Dissertations
Specific Learning Disorder is a disorder in which deficits in academic skills are caused by specific cognitive deficits. Cross-Battery Assessment (Flanagan, Alfonso, & Ortiz, 2013), is a popular method of diagnosing specific learning disorders. A recent study using data simulation methods claimed that cross-battery assessment was insufficiently accurate for clinical use (Stuebing, Fletcher, Branum-Martin, & Francis, 2012). However, the study used the general population base rate for specific learning disorders, resulting in misleadingly low accuracy estimates. The current study attempted to accurately simulate the cross-battery assessment method with a referred population prevalence to provide a fair analysis of cross-battery assessment’s …
Joint Action And Action-Effect Association In A Movement Control Task, Jiuyang Bai
Joint Action And Action-Effect Association In A Movement Control Task, Jiuyang Bai
Theses and Dissertations
Interpersonal action coordination relies on an information channel between co-actors. Previous studies have shown that offline or online visual, auditory, and haptic information can facilitate joint action. However, most previous studies only investigated the information that is naturally meaningful in the task context. Few explanations have been given about the underlying mechanism of this facilitation effect. The current study was designed to investigate what makes the information useful in improving joint action performance. I argued that externally added information (action effects) can also facilitate joint action. According to the Theory of Event Coding (TEC), once the association between an action …
Examining The Role Of Executive Functions In Focal Processing Of Event-Based Prospective Memory, Tatsuya T. Shigeta
Examining The Role Of Executive Functions In Focal Processing Of Event-Based Prospective Memory, Tatsuya T. Shigeta
Theses and Dissertations
Prospective Memory (PM) refers to remembering an intention to be acted upon in the future. Such a memory may be triggered by an event (i.e., Event-based PM) where a specific cue reminds one of the previously encoded intention. PM can be assessed in a lab-setting by having subjects learn a baseline task, subsequently receiving a PM instruction, completing a distractor task, and then going through a test phase where the PM task (i.e., responding to PM cues) is embedded within the ongoing task. The multiprocess view (McDaniel & Einstein, 2000) posits that PM can be retrieved primarily using two different …
Ensemble Coding Of Semantic Information: Are Numerical Averages Generated In Parallel?, Kassandra R. Lee
Ensemble Coding Of Semantic Information: Are Numerical Averages Generated In Parallel?, Kassandra R. Lee
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has shown evidence for the activation of ensemble coding mechanisms at multiple levels of processing complexity (Ariely, 2001; Haberman & Whitney, 2009). Here we investigated the use of ensemble mechanisms for semantic information, as well as the role of serial and parallel processing and automaticity in generating semantic ensemble representations. Twenty-seven undergraduate students completed tasks in which they reported the average value of an entire digit display or only a subset of digits, or searched for individual digits within the display. Results show that participants could average sets of numbers following only a short presentation, and that reaction …
Attention Deficits And Perception Of Emotion In Groups, Agnes Renee Strojewska
Attention Deficits And Perception Of Emotion In Groups, Agnes Renee Strojewska
Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated the relationship between attention deficits and the recognition of emotions of either individuals or groups (ensembles). Previous research has suggested that individuals with ADHD may have deficits in social cognition, specifically in recognizing the internal (emotional) states of others, though it remains unclear whether these deficits are a discrete component of ADHD or merely the byproduct of the inattention characteristic of the disorder. Perception of ensemble characteristics, or ensemble coding, has recently been the target of increased interest in perception research, and appears to represent a powerful mechanism for processing sensory information, particularly in situations when …
To Promote Or Prevent When Near Or Far: Exploring Regulatory Focus In Geographically-Close And Long-Distance Relationships, Adam James Hampton
To Promote Or Prevent When Near Or Far: Exploring Regulatory Focus In Geographically-Close And Long-Distance Relationships, Adam James Hampton
Theses and Dissertations
No research to date has examined how regulatory focus theory applies to relationships that are maintained long-distance, nor if individuals’ regulatory orientations differ in predicting relationship maintenance efforts between relationships that are geographically-close and those that are long-distance. The current study explores the communication efforts, ideal perceptions, and regulatory behaviors of individuals as a function of their regulatory focus (promotion focus vs. prevention focus) and relationship type (geographically-close vs. long-distance). One hundred eighty participants completed a survey that assessed their relationship type, regulatory focus, and relationship maintenance efforts (i.e., communications, perceptions, and behavior). Overall, it was found that individuals in …
The Role Of Work Volition In The Association Between College Students’ Medical Illness Symptomatology And Their Major Satisfaction, Educational Persistence Intentions, And Career Aspirations, Lauren Michele Bouchard
The Role Of Work Volition In The Association Between College Students’ Medical Illness Symptomatology And Their Major Satisfaction, Educational Persistence Intentions, And Career Aspirations, Lauren Michele Bouchard
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reports the results of a study exploring the role of work volition in the relations of health-related symptomatology and perceptions to the short-term career outcomes of major satisfaction, leadership aspirations, educational persistence intentions, and real/ideal career discrepancy. The responses of 366 college students to an online survey revealed that illness perceptions and the number of unhealthy days out of the last 30 were significantly related to work volition. Work volition was significantly related to all four short-term career outcomes. Path analyses showed that work volition was a mediator between unhealthy days and all four short-term career outcomes, which …
A New Approach To Measuring Helicopter Parenting: The Multidimensional Helicopter Parenting Scale, Hayley Love
A New Approach To Measuring Helicopter Parenting: The Multidimensional Helicopter Parenting Scale, Hayley Love
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to find a way to measure helicopter parenting that directly reflects its conceptual definition that has been established by Cline and Fay (1990). Literature has pointed to several parenting dimensions that constitute helicopter parenting (Kins & Soenens, 2013; Klein & Pierce, 2009). Rather than looking at helicopter parenting as a qualitatively distinct approach to parenting, this study attempted to show that parenting dimensions established in existing literature are what constitutes helicopter parenting. Helicopter parenting should be looked at as falling on an extreme end of the spectrum of different parenting dimensions. A total of …
Understanding Flow Occurrence: Contributions From The 2x2 Achievement Goal Framework, Devan Antczak
Understanding Flow Occurrence: Contributions From The 2x2 Achievement Goal Framework, Devan Antczak
Theses and Dissertations
Flow is often described as an optimal state, a rewarding experience, and highly motivating. Yet, much of how flow occurs is not understood. Multiple factors have been found to be antecedents of flow, one of which is motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine if variations in motivation according to the 2x2 achievement goal theory resulted in differences in occurrence of flow. An experimental design was utilized. Currently training male and female runners (N=60, ages 18-44 years), were randomly assigned to one of the four different achievement goal groups and reported on the level of flow experienced during …