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Asymmetry Of Gains And Losses: Behavioral And Electrophysiological Measures, Diego Gonzalo Flores
Asymmetry Of Gains And Losses: Behavioral And Electrophysiological Measures, Diego Gonzalo Flores
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of small monetary or economic gains and/or losses on choice behavior through the use of a computerized game and to determine gain/loss ratio differences using both behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Participants (N=53) played the game in several 36 minute sessions. These sessions operated with concurrent variable-interval schedules for both rewards and penalties. Previously, asymmetrical effects of gains and losses have been identified through cognitive studies, primarily due to the work of nobel laureates Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (1979). They found that the effect of a loss is twice (i.e., …
Examining Justifiable And Unjustifiable Cultural Biases In Psychological Science, Jordan D. Hyde
Examining Justifiable And Unjustifiable Cultural Biases In Psychological Science, Jordan D. Hyde
Theses and Dissertations
Research in cultural psychology suggests that mind and behavior are necessarily cultural. The implications of this perspective call into question assumptions of scientific psychology's cultural neutrality and indicate that it may be a form of cultural community in its own right. As such, it seems that it will necessarily be defined by certain cultural biases that are exclusive of other cultural biases. Nevertheless, providing that scientists can strive to identify their explicit and implicit cultural biases, and so long as they can define their sciences in terms of cultural biases that are rational and mandatory within the internal logic of …
The Effects Of Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams In Three Art Classrooms, Melanie April Nelson
The Effects Of Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams In Three Art Classrooms, Melanie April Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Challenging and disruptive student behavior is a major concern for all teachers, including those who teach art. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research and resources available for art teachers to manage student behavior. School-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is a framework that has been shown to improve student behavior. Class-wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is an intervention that utilizes SWPBS principles including group contingency, social skills instruction, teacher praise, and positive reinforcement and has been shown to be effective in general education classrooms. This is the first study of CW-FIT in elementary art classrooms and examined the effects of …
Effects Of A Tier 3 Self-Management Intervention With Parent Involvement On Academic Engagement And Disruptive Behavior, Ashley Nicole Lower
Effects Of A Tier 3 Self-Management Intervention With Parent Involvement On Academic Engagement And Disruptive Behavior, Ashley Nicole Lower
Theses and Dissertations
This manuscript includes two studies. The research design for study 1 was a single-subject reversal design, while study 2 was a case study with 5 experimental conditions. These studies investigated the effects of a Tier 3 peer-matching self-management intervention on two elementary school students who had previously been less responsive to Tier 1 and Tier 2 interventions. The Tier 3 self-management intervention, which was implemented in the classroom, included daily electronic communication between teachers and the two students' parents. Results indicated that this intervention effectively reduced disruptive behaviors and increased total engagement when implemented with integrity; without integrity, results were …
Enhancing Scientific Comprehension Through Content Acquisition Podcasts, Caroline Elizabeth Williams
Enhancing Scientific Comprehension Through Content Acquisition Podcasts, Caroline Elizabeth Williams
Theses and Dissertations
This study sought to determine the effectiveness of using Content Acquisition Podcasts (CAPs) to teach children with learning disabilities scientific vocabulary. CAPs are multimedia instructional podcasts that combine images and sound to teach supplemental vocabulary. Four children ages 9 to 10 with learning disabilities were taught vocabulary words to prepare them for end-of-year testing. Words were taken from units about rocks, soil and fossils. This study used a multiple probe multiple baseline across units design. Data analysis showed that three of four participants experienced significant improvement in at least one of three units. Social validity questionnaires showed that all four …
Process Feedback In Group Psychotherapy: A Second Look At Leader Implementation Of Gq Feedback, Kaitlyn Elizabeth Whitcomb
Process Feedback In Group Psychotherapy: A Second Look At Leader Implementation Of Gq Feedback, Kaitlyn Elizabeth Whitcomb
Theses and Dissertations
The current dissertation is a replication of a pilot study and aims to define what it means for group leaders to "act on" feedback from a group therapy process measure called the Group Questionnaire (GQ). Twelve leaders received feedback reports based on group member responses to the GQ after each session. Leaders submitted two sources of qualitative data: brief written session-by-session explanations of feedback use and end-of-semester debrief interviews to describe their experience with the measure. Researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis that yielded 15 categories of leader GQ use summarized by three temporal dimensions. Quantitative analyses were performed to …
Cognitive Functioning In Multiple Sclerosis: An Investigation Of The Utility Of A Computerized Cognitive Testing System, Stephanie Patrice Mclaughlin
Cognitive Functioning In Multiple Sclerosis: An Investigation Of The Utility Of A Computerized Cognitive Testing System, Stephanie Patrice Mclaughlin
Theses and Dissertations
The primary objective of this study was to assess cognitive functioning in participants with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) using the MicroCog and to compare their performance to that of a demographically matched, healthy control group. It was hypothesized that as a group, participants with RRMS would have worse cognitive function than healthy controls on all Level 1, 2, and 3 Index scores of the MicroCog. Twenty-six participants with RRMS and twenty-nine sex and education matched healthy controls were administered the MicroCog (Standard Form) along with measures of depression and clinical status, and paper-pencil tests of processing speed (Symbol Digit …
Developmental Changes In Response To Music-Evoked Emotion Among Children And Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Kevin G. Stephenson
Developmental Changes In Response To Music-Evoked Emotion Among Children And Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Kevin G. Stephenson
Theses and Dissertations
Significant symptoms of anxiety in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may arise due to impaired emotion recognition. In light of reports showing ASD-specific developmental changes in amygdala volumes, we expanded a previous study of recognition of music-evoked emotions in ASD versus typical controls (CON). We explicitly compared both behavioral and psychophysiological response to music-evoked emotions of children (ages 8-11) and older adolescents (ages 16-18). A total of 91 participants (42 ASD) listened to segments of instrumental music that had been previously validated to evoke happy, sad, or scary emotional valence. We measured accuracy and reaction time while also …
Using The Assessment For Signal Clients As A Feedback Tool For Reducing Treatment Failure, Melissa Mallory White
Using The Assessment For Signal Clients As A Feedback Tool For Reducing Treatment Failure, Melissa Mallory White
Theses and Dissertations
The Clinical Support Tools (CST) was developed to help therapists organize and target potential problems that might account for negative outcomes in psychotherapy. The core of CST feedback is The Assessment for Signal Clients (ASC). The purpose of this study was to describe and identify patterns of problems that typically characterize off-track cases. A cluster analysis of 107 off-track clients revealed three client types: those whose problems were characterized by alliance and motivational difficulties; those characterized by social support and life event difficulties; and those whose problems had an indistinguishable pattern. Loglinear modeling showed that if patients had less therapeutic …
Sex Differences In Cognitive Decline In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer's Disease, Juliann Thompson
Sex Differences In Cognitive Decline In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer's Disease, Juliann Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and results in progressive cognitive decline, particularly in regards to memory (National Institute on Aging, 2012). Prior research has shown sex differences in brain-atrophy rates of AD patients, with women experiencing a higher rate of progression in volume reduction (Skup et al., 2011). This suggests that there may also be differences in cognitive functioning between sexes, particularly in the rate of cognitive decline with a more rapid disease progression for dementing females compared to dementing males. The current study monitored memory function longitudinally in approximately 200 total participants, 100 with …
Parent-Reported Deficits In Executive Function And Sleep-Disordered Breathing In Adolescent Behavioral Weight Loss Program Participants, Jonathan James Mietchen
Parent-Reported Deficits In Executive Function And Sleep-Disordered Breathing In Adolescent Behavioral Weight Loss Program Participants, Jonathan James Mietchen
Theses and Dissertations
Children and adolescents with obesity and overweight are at increased risk for developing sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and SDB has been associated with cognitive deficits and executive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between executive functioning and SDB among adolescents participating in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Adolescents (n = 37) and their caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and caregivers completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Using the Sleep Related Breathing Disorder scale on the PSQ adolescents were classified as at risk or not at risk for SDB. Correlations were …
Exploring Language Services Provided To Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders In The State Of Utah, Jeannie Irene Zwahlen
Exploring Language Services Provided To Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders In The State Of Utah, Jeannie Irene Zwahlen
Theses and Dissertations
Because several challenges exist when providing English as a Second Language (ESL) services to culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such services may be overlooked in deference to other educational needs. Therefore, this study used a survey to obtain information from 121 special education teachers in the state of Utah to explore the types of ESL services offered to CLD students with ASD. Results indicated that only 30% of the special educators participating in the study provide second language services in their classrooms. Results also show that language services provided by speech language pathologists are …
An Item Reduction Analysis Of The Group Questionnaire, Jennifer Lynn Jensen
An Item Reduction Analysis Of The Group Questionnaire, Jennifer Lynn Jensen
Theses and Dissertations
The Group Questionnaire (GQ) was developed to measure group therapeutic processes-which are linked to successful prediction of patient outcome and therapeutic factors-across three qualitative dimensions (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) and three structural dimensions (member-leader, member-member, and member-group). The GQ model has been shown to be valid across 5 settings and 4 countries. As a clinical measure given after each session, length is of particular concern. Although shorter measures are more convenient for clients and therapists to use, fewer items necessarily means less information, a loss of psychometrics, and possible floor and ceiling effects. This study examined the …
Moral Values In Moral Psychology? A Textual Analysis, Shannon Starks
Moral Values In Moral Psychology? A Textual Analysis, Shannon Starks
Theses and Dissertations
What values, if any, is moral psychology based on with regard to what humans should be like? While the value-free ideal of science requires at least the bracketing of values in regards to the conducting of research and influence on its results, this investigation takes seriously the concerns of leading social psychologists that biases may influence the subdiscipline. Textual analyses of moral psychology's literature involving content analysis of codes and cultural discourse analysis of value themes illuminate values involving moral problems and moral goods that may inherently influence research at various levels. It is proposed that values are impossible to …
Gender Threat, Male Dominance, And Masculinity: A Perfect Storm For Workplace Aggression, Brooke Elise Dresden
Gender Threat, Male Dominance, And Masculinity: A Perfect Storm For Workplace Aggression, Brooke Elise Dresden
Theses and Dissertations
Higher prevalence of gender harassment has previously been identified in male dominated workforces, but not in academia. Factors such as implicit bias, male dominance, perceived gender threat, and heightened masculinity may increase the likelihood of gender harassment occurring in an academic setting. Two studies investigated this. In Study 1, one hundred seventy-one (92 male, 79 female) participants from male dominated and gender equivalent majors completed an online survey in which their explicit attitudes regarding gender and authority (GAM; see Rudman & Kilianski, 2000), and implicit associations regarding gender and careers (IAT; see Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) were measured. Additionally, …
Initial Development And Validation Of The Clinically Adaptive Multidimensional Outcome Survey, Jason Andrew Mcbride
Initial Development And Validation Of The Clinically Adaptive Multidimensional Outcome Survey, Jason Andrew Mcbride
Theses and Dissertations
There has been a long-standing need in the field of psychotherapy to document progress and show effectiveness. The evidence-based practice (EBP) movement has had considerable influence in the field of psychology as evidenced by the APA task force that adopted the stance of evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) to ensure quality and accountability for psychological services as well as the integration of science and practice. One of the primary components of EBPP is the use of routine outcome measures (ROMs), which seek to integrate research with practice while simultaneously documenting progress and enhancing treatment. Despite the wave of ROM in …
An Investigation Of Associations Between Heart Rate Measures Of Aerobic Fitness And Executive Functioning In Pre-Adolescent Children, Kimberly Anne Barnett
An Investigation Of Associations Between Heart Rate Measures Of Aerobic Fitness And Executive Functioning In Pre-Adolescent Children, Kimberly Anne Barnett
Theses and Dissertations
The present study evaluated the associations between direct measures of aerobic fitness and executive functioning in pre-adolescent children aged 8 to 12 years. To evaluate these associations, the study employed a cross-sectional design and a series of three step hierarchical regressions were conducted. Results suggest that after controlling for age, sex, and BMI percentile, heart rate measures of aerobic fitness did not independently predict executive function. These findings provide preliminary evidence that contradicts a growing body of research within the adult literature demonstrating an association between aerobic fitness and executive function.
The Relationship Between Scores From The Student Risk Screening Scale: Internalizing And Externalizing (Srss-Ie) And Scores From Student Engagement Instrument (Sei) In A Sixth-Grade Sample, Adrienne Ann Atkin
Theses and Dissertations
This study analyzes the relationship between scores from a measure of student engagement and scores from a measure that screens students for being at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in sixth grade students. Screening instruments are used in schools to improve identification of students at risk for behavioral difficulties. Measures of engagement assess students' levels of psychological and cognitive engagement in school. Students in this study completed the Student Engagement Instrument (SEI), an instrument used for measuring student engagement. Teachers completed the Student Risk Screening Scale-Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) for their students, which screens for risk of EBD. …
"Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind": Examining The Association Between Geographic Distance And The Likelihood Of Cheating, Krista Joy Dowdle
"Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind": Examining The Association Between Geographic Distance And The Likelihood Of Cheating, Krista Joy Dowdle
Theses and Dissertations
Distance from a partner can put a strain on romantic relationships, especially when one is surrounded by attractive alternatives, as is often the case when moving away to college. Long distance relationships are often associated with increased stress, less relationship stability, and lower levels of relationship satisfaction. Distance may also be associated with cheating on one's romantic partner. The few studies that have examined cheating behavior in college students have found an increase in cheating over a very short, non-representative interval of time when partners were separated (e.g. spring break) but did not control for important variables such as alcohol …
Cortical Thickness And Voxel-Based Morphometry Of Classic Motor Regions Of Interest In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Tyler Cole Duffield
Cortical Thickness And Voxel-Based Morphometry Of Classic Motor Regions Of Interest In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Tyler Cole Duffield
Theses and Dissertations
Prior research has suggested that any cortical volume (CV) abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) need to be further explored by examination of the two determinants of CV, that being cortical thickness (CT) and pial surface area (PSA; Murphy, Beecham, Craig, & Ecker, 2011). The current study suggests that the two determinants of CV should be explored even in the presence of null CV findings, if structure-function analyses are significant (i.e., bi-lateral precentral gyrus and neuropsychological motor test) as demonstrated in the current sample (see Duffield et al., 2013). The only significant anatomic finding was reduced CT in the left …
The Use Of Embedded And Stand-Alone Measures Of Effort In Predicting Academic Ability In College Students, Danita Renee Williams
The Use Of Embedded And Stand-Alone Measures Of Effort In Predicting Academic Ability In College Students, Danita Renee Williams
Theses and Dissertations
Detection of sub-optimal effort is a critical element of all psychological assessment procedures. Failure to consider the validity of the client's performance and symptom reporting may result in inaccurate conclusions about the degree of impairment. Because the American with Disabilities Act requires colleges to provide accommodations for students with documented disabilities, providing resources for students feigning impairment may ultimately drain university resources intended to help those students with disabilities. This study sought to examine the relationship between two different types of measures of effort and variables related to academic ability. De-identified archival data was gathered from the University Accessibility Center …
The Impact Of Behavioral Activation On Maternal Well-Being In Mothers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Christine Horne Mcallister
The Impact Of Behavioral Activation On Maternal Well-Being In Mothers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Christine Horne Mcallister
Theses and Dissertations
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder known for deficits in language and social skills. It is often associated with maladaptive behaviors. Studies have indicated that these behaviors in children lead to increased stress, anxiety and depression in mothers. This study examines the effects of parent-implemented Positive Behavior Support (PBS) and behavioral activation (BA) on reducing problem behaviors and increasing maternal wellness. The single subject study was conducted with three mothers (between the ages of 30 and 45) and their three children (between the ages of 5 and 7) with autism spectrum disorder. The results of this study demonstrate …
Spiritual Pathways To Healing And Recovery: An Intensive Single-N Study Of A Patient With An Eating Disorder, Troy William Lea
Spiritual Pathways To Healing And Recovery: An Intensive Single-N Study Of A Patient With An Eating Disorder, Troy William Lea
Theses and Dissertations
This study presents an in-depth case study of eight sessions of spiritually integrated psychotherapy with a 20-year-old woman recovering from an Eating Disorder. The inclusion and utility of session-to-session outcome data as well as systematic follow up data in conjunction with in-depth qualitative interviews are shown. The therapist and client's perspectives are highlighted over the course of treatment. Three clinical areas of focus (renewing identity, reducing self-contempt, and fostering hope) are extracted from the qualitative interviews and the therapeutic process of weaving them together is highlighted. The Tau-U and SMA single case study statistical analyses are used to highlight clinical …
Utah Mental Health Professionals' Recommendations For Working With Youth At Risk For Suicide, Amy Paskett Stillman
Utah Mental Health Professionals' Recommendations For Working With Youth At Risk For Suicide, Amy Paskett Stillman
Theses and Dissertations
Suicide has immediate and long-term negative effects on surviving family members and adverse effects in the school and community. Suicide rates for children and adolescents have increased in the United States since 2009. As part of suicide prevention efforts, information about risk factors and warning signs are typically addressed in schools, private organizations, and communities. In addition to academic literature for professional audiences, various therapeutic resources are available to assist those who grieve the suicide of a loved one. In particular, practical and easy-to-implement interventions are needed by those who offer support to suicidal individuals and survivors of suicide. Practical …
Associations Between Physical And Sedentary Activity Regularity And Sleep In Preschoolers And Kindergartners, Kara Mcrae Duraccio
Associations Between Physical And Sedentary Activity Regularity And Sleep In Preschoolers And Kindergartners, Kara Mcrae Duraccio
Theses and Dissertations
Short sleep duration in childhood has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity. Research suggests that physical activity might mediate this association; however, studies examining associations between physical activity and sleep in young children have reported equivocal findings. A possible explanation for these inconsistencies is that past studies have looked at total physical activity counts rather than examining physical activity regularity. We aim to explore the relationship of regular physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in preschoolers and kindergartners. 131 children (ages 4-6) were included in this study. Each child wore a waist-worn accelerometer for three days …
Does Sleep Disturbance Among Parents Of Infants Predict Increased Depressive Symptoms?, Zachary Joseph Blackhurst
Does Sleep Disturbance Among Parents Of Infants Predict Increased Depressive Symptoms?, Zachary Joseph Blackhurst
Theses and Dissertations
Research has shown that sleep disturbance (e.g., sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset [WASO]) negatively affects physical, emotional, and mental health. For many adults, the postpartum period is one that is particularly highlighted by sleep disturbance and fatigue. Postpartum mothers are also more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders such as depression. We sought to investigate whether the number of children and presence of an infant predicted clinically significant sleep disturbance, and subsequently, depressive symptoms, for both mothers and fathers. We found that having an infant was significantly associated with increased wife WASO, which in turn was associated with increased depressive symptoms …
Concept Identification And Formation In Adolescents Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jonathan Sterling Beck
Concept Identification And Formation In Adolescents Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jonathan Sterling Beck
Theses and Dissertations
Abstraction is an inductive process through which specific details become united by a general concept. Abstraction incorporates two sub-skills: concept identification which involves recognizing patterns created by an external agent, and concept formation which is more difficult, requiring independent creation of a schema to organize information. Impairments in concept identification and formation are theorized to underlie a variety of practical difficulties of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; e.g., failure to generalize learning in one context to a similar, but new context). However, past research has yielded mixed results, with some finding significant impairment and others finding intact concept identification …
The Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness Characteristics And Anxiety In High Functioning Adults Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Max Emanuel Maisel
The Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness Characteristics And Anxiety In High Functioning Adults Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Max Emanuel Maisel
Theses and Dissertations
Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience elevated levels of anxiety and worry compared to neurotypical people. However, there is a dearth of extant research on effective interventions for comorbid anxiety and worry in this population. Mindfulness, which is often defined as paying attention to the present moment in a nonjudgmental manner, has been shown to be a propitious treatment for anxiety, worry, and other psychological ailments in neurotypical people. However, in a relatively new area of study, evidence has been growing which suggests mindfulness can also be effective in helping people with ASD cope with anxiety and worry. The …
Outcomes From In-Person Interdisciplinary Continuing Education For Autism And Online Delivery Of The Same Content, Rachel Ann Trayner
Outcomes From In-Person Interdisciplinary Continuing Education For Autism And Online Delivery Of The Same Content, Rachel Ann Trayner
Theses and Dissertations
Because of the growing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), there is an increased need for effective professional training models for autism treatment and education. Individuals with ASD receive care and therapy across multiple disciplines, so such training models should also be interdisciplinary in nature. In the medical field, pediatricians, nurses, psychiatrists, and many others work with individuals with ASD. In the education field, teachers, speech language pathologists, school psychologists, and others work with children with ASD. Some therapists work in both systems. Thus far, there has been little research done considering training delivery models (i.e., in-person and online training) …
Training Psychologists In The Ethical Use Of Language Interpreters: An Evaluation Of Current Practices, Potential Barriers, And Proposed Competencies, Clay A. Frandsen
Training Psychologists In The Ethical Use Of Language Interpreters: An Evaluation Of Current Practices, Potential Barriers, And Proposed Competencies, Clay A. Frandsen
Theses and Dissertations
Research indicates that general and mental healthcare services have been, and continue to be, underutilized by racial and ethnic minorities. Studies point to the language gap between limited English proficiency (LEP) individuals and mental-health clinicians as one of the factors in perpetuating that gap. Despite the legal and professional mandates that require professionals in healthcare to provide and use language interpreters in giving care, psychologists rarely make use of professional interpreters when conducting psychotherapy. Most clinicians have little experience providing mental-health treatment across differences in language, and it is supposed that clinicians usually receive little or no training on how …