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The Fall And Rise Of Bengali Muslim Conciousness: Conceptualising The Identity Of The Bangla Universal, Habib Khan
The Fall And Rise Of Bengali Muslim Conciousness: Conceptualising The Identity Of The Bangla Universal, Habib Khan
Theses and Dissertations
The emergence of modern-nation states saw the end of the empirical era of exploitation and exercise of inherent racist tendencies towards the 'other'. However, the effect of that colonial system is still ever-present in the creation and governance of these newly independent states. While every new state aims to be 'modern', they adopt the international legal framework of the West as their own - a system they had initially wanted to escape. The concept of Muslim universality in the form of the ummah should have freed Pakistan from the shackles of its former colonial masters. Instead, this phenomenon was replaced …
Seeking Justice For Jews From Mena Countries Through International Law: Comparing The Cases Of Morocco And Iraq, Jessica E. Yeroshalmi
Seeking Justice For Jews From Mena Countries Through International Law: Comparing The Cases Of Morocco And Iraq, Jessica E. Yeroshalmi
Student Theses and Dissertations
Little is known of the Jews of Middle Eastern North African (MENA) origin whose long standing history in the region did not protect them from discrimination, persecution, and ethnic cleansing. Although much of the research on contemporary Jewish history and persecution revolves around the Holocaust and European events and its implications for Jews and international law, far less is researched about the uprooting of nearly one million Jews from the MENA region. In this investigation, I aim to reconstruct that narrative, applying international law to Jewish refugees from Arab countries. My thesis will be a comparative analysis of Morocco and …
Does Electoral Proximity Influence Commitment To International Human Rights Law?, Nolan A. Ragland
Does Electoral Proximity Influence Commitment To International Human Rights Law?, Nolan A. Ragland
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
The Ambiguity In International Law And Its Effect On Drone Warfare And Cyber Security, Amina Khan
The Ambiguity In International Law And Its Effect On Drone Warfare And Cyber Security, Amina Khan
MA Major Research Papers
Drone warfare and artificial intelligence have considerably shaped cybersecurity and international law over the years. The rapid growth of technology has slowly forced entry into the international and domestic affairs of states. How countries conduct surveillance and practice defence does not look the way it did many years ago. One must observe how the rule of law is affected by technological advancement at the international level where many complexities are seen to rise to the surface. Balancing domestic and international law comes into question when drones and artificial intelligence become key components in state affairs that transcend geographical borders. This …
Delphi Study Of International Cybersecurity Norms, Kenneth J. Biskner
Delphi Study Of International Cybersecurity Norms, Kenneth J. Biskner
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Unregulated state cyberattacks are an urgent threat to international peace and security because of the costs they impose and the devastating effects they can create. However, international norms governing state cyberattacks (international cybersecurity norms) have not yet emerged. The lack of meaningful consequences for state cyberattacks, and the high rewards derived from them, incentivize states to engage in this new form of hostile conduct (cyberconflict). The problem addressed in this modified Delphi study was the persistent struggle between authoritarian and democratic states over competing international cybersecurity norms that cause cyberconflict to remain unregulated. Kingdon’s multiple streams framework was used as …
Islands In The Sun: Lawfare And Great-Power Competition In The Indo-Pacific, Clayton T. Russo
Islands In The Sun: Lawfare And Great-Power Competition In The Indo-Pacific, Clayton T. Russo
MSU Graduate Theses
This thesis examines the U.S.-Japan Mutual Defense Treaty and its future considering the recent developments in the international security environment. The 2018 National Defense Strategy brought back an emphasis on Great Power Competition, fundamentally transforming the role of U.S. alliances to address new challenges. In the 2021 budget, the Pacific Deterrence Initiative (PDI) has prioritized the People’s Republic of China as the number one pacing threat to theUnited States, drastically shifting international focus away from the Middle East and towards East Asia. In conjunction with funding new capabilities through the PDI, the U.S. will need to conceive new legal doctrines …
Killer Robots On Trial: Autonomous Weapons Systems In The Context Of International Law, Mikaela Heck
Killer Robots On Trial: Autonomous Weapons Systems In The Context Of International Law, Mikaela Heck
MA Major Research Papers
Killer robots are no longer a facet of science fiction, but rather an imminent reality. The development of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) has been something states and military operations have been working towards to build their arsenal and change the landscape of conflict. With this changing landscape, these AWS fit within public international law in a unique way, existing somewhere in between a weapon and a combatant. With increased autonomy and diminished human control over their behaviour, AWS present an interesting dilemma to existing international legal structures, as they are typically written in a fashion designed to be adhered by …
"Prevention Through Deterrence" Against Citizens: The Venezuela-Colombia Border During The Covid-19 Pandemic And Human Rights Implications, Andreina Negretti Benito
"Prevention Through Deterrence" Against Citizens: The Venezuela-Colombia Border During The Covid-19 Pandemic And Human Rights Implications, Andreina Negretti Benito
Honors Theses
This thesis analyses the human rights implications of the measures taken by the Venezuelan government at the Venezuelan-Colombian border during the COVID-19 pandemic. I will argue that the goal of these measures is preventing or impeding the return of citizens through "deterrence techniques" that have been historically used by other countries. This case's importance relies on the fact that, unlike other cases, the Venezuelan government uses these "techniques" against its own nationals, rather than against unwanted immigrants. The first chapter will provide an overview of the theoretical framework concerning migration, arguments regarding open borders, and human rights protections. This will …
(Dis)Contentment With The International System: The Relationship Between Territorial Dispute Settlement Attempts And Unga Voting, Erik C. Beuck
(Dis)Contentment With The International System: The Relationship Between Territorial Dispute Settlement Attempts And Unga Voting, Erik C. Beuck
Doctoral Dissertations
To what degree do the methods of management for territorial and maritime disputes relate to voting patterns in the United Nations General Assembly? In particular, do actions taken by the disputants in managing their disputes exert influence on their fellow disputant’s foreign policy preferences in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) reflective of the nature of these attempts? As territory has been found to be one of the most important driving factors in the conflict between states, understanding the impacts of different settlement methods in the active conveyance of information to other state actors in attempts to settle can provide …
China, Xinjiang, And The Genocide Convention: The Fragility Of International Law, Lucy Kate Herron
China, Xinjiang, And The Genocide Convention: The Fragility Of International Law, Lucy Kate Herron
Honors Theses
This paper examines China’s actions through the lens of the Genocide Convention to examine the whether the crimes of genocide are being committed against the Uyghur population. It contends that according to the Genocide Convention, China is committing genocide, and particularly through conditions, torture, and rape, against the Uyghur population. However, prosecuting a genocide in court would prove difficult due to China's laws and actions that can be used to defer accusations of genocide and problems with the Genocide Convention in the context of China and the Uyghurs.
Nation-Building And Cultural Heritage: A Study Of Turkey And Its Greek Orthodox Community, Sophia E. Kyrou
Nation-Building And Cultural Heritage: A Study Of Turkey And Its Greek Orthodox Community, Sophia E. Kyrou
Senior Theses and Projects
This thesis is an exploration of the intersection between nationalist ideology and cultural heritage policy. This thesis answers how and why states utilize cultural heritage policy to build exclusivist forms of nationalism and, more specifically, models of nationalism that exclude ethno-religious minorities. In my work, I employ a case study of Turkey and its treatment of the Greek Orthodox minority population, and examine two specific periods in Turkish history: the Atatürk period (1920 to 1938) and the Erdoğan period (2001 to present). I answer the case-specific question: How and why has the Turkish state utilized policy dealing with tangible and …
Challenging The Limitations Of Asserting Jurisdiction: A Case Study Of The South China Sea, Joshua Villanueva
Challenging The Limitations Of Asserting Jurisdiction: A Case Study Of The South China Sea, Joshua Villanueva
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The South China Sea dispute challenges the future development of maritime legal order and international law. China’s behavior in the South China Sea challenges widely accepted rules governing maritime jurisdiction worldwide as it tries to expand the limits of its jurisdiction. In China’s view, the Arbitral Tribunal in Philippines v. China also challenged the jurisdiction of the UNCLOS by taking a highly political issue related to sovereignty. This thesis argues that mere rhetorical rejection of China’s actions in the South China Sea will not determine the resolution of the dispute. China’s behavior will be dependent on striking the right balance …
Cooperation In The International System: An Interdisciplinary Investigation At The Intersection Of International Relations And International Law, Kalyani Unkule
Cooperation In The International System: An Interdisciplinary Investigation At The Intersection Of International Relations And International Law, Kalyani Unkule
Maurer Theses and Dissertations
A conversation between the disciplines of International Relations and International Law illuminates the nature of interstate cooperation and enhances our understanding of the nature and potential of international law. There are methodological and practical asymmetries between International Relations and International Law which create ideal conditions for interdisciplinary work. Studying international cooperation on protecting cultural heritage enable us to address the above questions and reevaluate and extend underlying theoretical frameworks.
Legal Frameworks For Protecting Cultural Heritage In Conflict Zones, Marcie M. Muscat
Legal Frameworks For Protecting Cultural Heritage In Conflict Zones, Marcie M. Muscat
Dissertations and Theses
Cultural heritage has always been at risk during times of war. UNESCO first endeavored to address the issue shortly after World War II, in 1954, when it passed the first of three signature conventions to protect against the damage, destruction, and pillage of cultural property in times of armed conflict. Lacunae and other deficiencies in their frameworks, however, rendered these conventions difficult to enforce and largely ineffectual. This study offers an assessment of the strengths and limitations of the UNESCO system of cultural-heritage protection, with a particular focus on the 1954 Hague Convention. It is argued that, by superseding certain …
The Future Of War: Cyber-Attacks And Aggression In International Law, Jamie Hogan
The Future Of War: Cyber-Attacks And Aggression In International Law, Jamie Hogan
University Honors Theses
Cyber-attacks are becoming more advanced, and more dangerous, but can these simple lines of code be considered acts of war? My research looks at cyber-attacks through international law framework regarding jus ad bellum, the resort to war. After looking at cyber-attacks through this lens, it is possible to declare certain types of cyber-attacks as acts of aggression, and ultimately allow states to invoke their right of self-defense in response to these attacks. My research will then address the need for international law regulating these new weapons of war.
The Finnish Line: Verbal Tactics Of Small States In Immature Anarchy, Christopher Main
The Finnish Line: Verbal Tactics Of Small States In Immature Anarchy, Christopher Main
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The rules-based international system which has steadily emerged over the last century is in decline. Realists fail to realize that the fundamental anarchy of the international system can mature into a rules-based system which constrains geopolitics. Liberals fail to realize that it can regress in the opposite direction, towards the self-help system described by the realists. Small states stand to lose the most in this regression and are least equipped to fight it by material means. Finland is an ideal example of such a small state, and its foreign policy is articulated by President Sauli Niinistö. This paper will analyze …
Nonstate Actors And International Law: Just War Theory Or The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights?, Jason Lee Mitchell
Nonstate Actors And International Law: Just War Theory Or The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights?, Jason Lee Mitchell
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
There is a debate taking place within the global war on terror (GWT), and its legal and moral parameters are established by two basic arguments. The first is that “Citizens who associate themselves with the military arm of the enemy government, and with its aid, guidance and direction enter this country bent on hostile acts are enemy belligerents within the meaning of the Hague Convention and the law of war” (Ex parte Quirin, 37). The second is that an “Enemy combatant” is a general category that subsumes two sub-categories: lawful and unlawful combatants. The conclusion as it currently stands is …
Power, Punk, And Performance: A Critical Analysis Of Hooligan Laws In Russia, Noelle Wurst
Power, Punk, And Performance: A Critical Analysis Of Hooligan Laws In Russia, Noelle Wurst
Honors Program Theses
This paper presents the argument that the criminal charge of hooliganism in Russia is a political tool used to suppress dissent and uphold the authoritarian ideals of Putin’s regime. The background of this analysis includes a broad overview of the development of the hooligan laws over time and how they have been used to advance elite interests. In addition, the key policies, institutions, and rhetoric that surround hooliganism in present-day Russia are identified. The legitimacy of the hooligan laws is then tested against both domestic and international law, especially in regards to norms on freedoms of speech.
Crime On The High Seas: What Conditions Are Necessary To Achieve Effective Maritime Governance Regime?, Michael A. Celic
Crime On The High Seas: What Conditions Are Necessary To Achieve Effective Maritime Governance Regime?, Michael A. Celic
Dissertations and Theses
This thesis explores why international maritime governance regimes have inconsistent rates of success. The global community relies on the world’s oceans for food, trade, and resources. Therefore, the regulation of these oceans is necessary to provide adequate passage through its waters and the management of all the resources they supply for the mutual benefit of all. Although there are international laws such as the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS), many of these laws fail to address current global threats and have proven inadequate in forming proactive collective responses. It is particularly problematic addressing transnational criminal …
Guyana-Venezuela Border Dispute: Seeking A Peaceful Solution, Aaron Marcus Homer
Guyana-Venezuela Border Dispute: Seeking A Peaceful Solution, Aaron Marcus Homer
Dissertations and Theses
The purpose of this thesis is to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of those dispute settlement mechanisms that are capable of resolving the Guyana-Venezuela border dispute. This thesis will analyze those legal principles and/or techniques of the International Court of Justice, mediation and the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which are indispensable for dispute resolution. I argue that a resolution is significant for the stability of the international community.
Guyana and Venezuela possess economic and political interests in the disputed Essequibo region. Venezuela’s predilection for bilateral negotiations contradicts Guyana’s request for a judicial solution. These extreme positions are not novel but …
Waging Wars In Cyberspace: How International Law On Aggression And Self-Defense Falls Short Of Addressing Cyber Warfare. Could Iran Legally Retaliate For The Stuxnet Attack?, Willa Rubin
Honors Papers
The technical capabilities of the Stuxnet worms-launched by the US and Israel against Iran's nuclear facility-prove that the operation could be considered an act of aggression, as defined in the Rome Statute. Further, this paper asserts that Article 51 of the UN Charter is insufficient to addressing malignant cyber operations.
The paper is organized as following: 1) Introduction, 2) Research Limitations, 3) Context: International Relations Theory and Types of International Law, 4) Understanding “Cyber” Within The Scope Of This Paper, 5) The Stuxnet Operation, 6) Historical and Legal Roots of “Aggression” and “Self-Defense”, 7) Stuxnet as an act of aggression, …
The Corporatization Of Justice: Clashes Between International Arbitration And National Environmental Regulations, Scott Novak
The Corporatization Of Justice: Clashes Between International Arbitration And National Environmental Regulations, Scott Novak
Honors Program Theses
In light of the controversies surrounding international arbitration systems and the growing threat of global climate change, this paper aims to answer the following questions: Do international trade arbitration mechanisms undermine national environmental regulations and initiatives, and if so, in what ways does this happen, and how might these mechanisms be reformed? By applying four different theoretical models of international arbitration to four cases studies illustrating how state environmental policies have clashed with private interests in the past, I develop a comprehensive power-based model of arbitration that provides insight into international arbitration systems' current inequities and how these systems may …
A Refugee Paradox? Processes Of Inclusion And Exclusion Of Bosnian Refugees In Germany And Sweden, Brittany S. Beyer
A Refugee Paradox? Processes Of Inclusion And Exclusion Of Bosnian Refugees In Germany And Sweden, Brittany S. Beyer
Honors Capstone Projects - All
The aim of this project is to explain what factors account for the differentials in treatment of Bosnian refugees in Sweden and Germany. Although both of these states are signatories of the same international conventions that govern states’ humanitarian obligations toward refugees, the resources available to the refugees varied greatly between both countries, which in turn influenced the lived experiences of the Bosnian refugees. This paper examines these discrepancies within the contexts of ideas about national citizenship, the existence of governmental institutions designed to foster refugee integration, and external, non-state factors such as the media and other charitable organizations that …
Interpreting, Stephanie Jo Kent
Interpreting, Stephanie Jo Kent
Doctoral Dissertations
What do community interpreting for the Deaf in western societies, conference interpreting for the European Parliament, and language brokering in international management have in common? Academic research and professional training have historically emphasized the linguistic and cognitive challenges of interpreting, neglecting or ignoring the social aspects that structure communication. All forms of interpreting are inherently social; they involve relationships among at least three people and two languages. The contexts explored here, American Sign Language/English interpreting and spoken language interpreting within the European Parliament, show that simultaneous interpreting involves attitudes, norms and values about intercultural communication that overemphasize information and discount …
United Nations Peacekeeping And Non-State Actors: A Theoretical And Empirical Analysis Of The Conditions Required For Cooperation, Gregory Hodgin
United Nations Peacekeeping And Non-State Actors: A Theoretical And Empirical Analysis Of The Conditions Required For Cooperation, Gregory Hodgin
Political Science Theses
This paper attempts to determine the theoretical requirements for a non-state actor to give peacekeepers to a Member state of the United Nations, who would in turn give those peacekeepers to the United Nations. The paper examines two case studies, specifically the contract between Blackwater and the United States Department of State and the SHIRBRIG series of treaties. The paper finds that there is some overlap between a Member state’s needs and a non-state actor’s needs and that there is a theoretical possibility of the donation stated above taking place.
Leviathan’S Rage: State Sovereignty And Crimes Against Humanity In The Late Twentieth Century, Cecil Bryant Lawson
Leviathan’S Rage: State Sovereignty And Crimes Against Humanity In The Late Twentieth Century, Cecil Bryant Lawson
Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014
This dissertation explores the relationship between state sovereignty and major instances of crimes against humanity committed in the latter 20 th century. In order to examine this dynamics of this relationship, the author analyzes the history and theory of the concept of sovereignty and examines five case studies of crimes against humanity: Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, Argentina during the military junta from 1976 to 1983, the breakup of the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda in 1994, and the ongoing conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan. State sovereign power is shown to be an important facilitating factor in these atrocities as …
Why Not Preempt?: An Analysis Of The Impact Of Legal And Normative Constraints On The Use Of Anticipatory Military Activities, Rachel Tamara Bzostek
Why Not Preempt?: An Analysis Of The Impact Of Legal And Normative Constraints On The Use Of Anticipatory Military Activities, Rachel Tamara Bzostek
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The 2002 National Security Strategy for the United States focused American strategic policy around the use, or potential use, of preemptive/preventive strikes, particularly as a counter-proliferation and counter-terrorism tool. While preemption and prevention are not new strategies, they have never been highlighted to such a degree as is currently the case. These activities have been studied in the context of international security, using elements such as spiral models and offense-defense theory. This study seeks to examine if other elements, specifically international law and normative issues, such as just war tradition, contribute to our understanding of the use, or non-use, of …
Promotion Of Democracy In International Law And Its Effect On The Practice Of Torture, Dareen Hassan Mohamed Aboul Naga
Promotion Of Democracy In International Law And Its Effect On The Practice Of Torture, Dareen Hassan Mohamed Aboul Naga
Archived Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Mining The Deep Seabed Implications For International Law And American Foreign Policy, Steven H. Fitzgerald
Mining The Deep Seabed Implications For International Law And American Foreign Policy, Steven H. Fitzgerald
Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations
Whether or not the United States may someday face a mineral shortage, the need for a coherent, unified minerals policy is critical to national objectives and national security. Deep-sea mining may be the answer to American (and world) mineral needs in the twenty-first century. However, there are numerous problems which must be dealt with and resolved in the near future, in order to enable the U.S. (and the world community) to take advantage of vast undersea resources. Deep-sea mining requires the development of technology, tremendous capital investments, and years of labor before production can begin. U.S. policy makers must decide …
Soviet International Law : Theory And Practice, Rozanne D. Oliver
Soviet International Law : Theory And Practice, Rozanne D. Oliver
Honors Theses
After World War II, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics became a "Great Power," surpassed in might by only the United States. The foreign policy of the Soviet Union now exerts a tremendous influence on the international scene, making the study of Soviet policies a "must" for the student of international affairs. The question of the role of international law in the foreign relations of the U.S.S.R. is an interesting and important one. Are changes in the international system reflected in Soviet views of international law? Have the Soviet theories had significant impacts on the actions of other states? To …