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Perspective: Arabia Infelix: The War Devouring Yemen, Sheila Carapico

Political Science Faculty Publications

For many centuries, European cartographers labeled the southwest corner of the otherwise mostly desert Arabian Peninsula as Arabia Felix, or “Happy Arabia.” It was a place where towering mountains trapped clouds blown in from the Indian Ocean so that twice-annual monsoon rains blessed terraced slopes and lowland wadis with plentiful crops. Sadly, since fighting engulfed the country in late March 2015, Yemen has never been less felix.

Ethnic Violence, Local Security And Return Migration: Enclave Communities In Kosovo, Sandra F. Joireman

Political Science Faculty Publications

Forced migration has become commonplace in the international political landscape. In 2015, 60 million people were displaced by violence, more than ever before recorded (UNHCR, 2015). While we know that violence leads to displacement, we know little about return migration after conflict – who comes back and where they settle. This article seeks to engage and supplement the literature on return migration after conflict, advocating for a broader understanding of the security choices made by displaced people. Emphasized here is the importance of a local understanding of safety and the role played by enclave communities in providing a secure context …

Do Muslim Village Girls Need Saving? Critical Reflections On Gender And Childhood Suffering In International Aid, Rania Kassab Sweis

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Without contesting the idea that many Muslim girls around the world do constitute victims in very real ways. In this chapter, I want to raise a different set of questions. What does it mean when powerful actors in western-based international NGOs recognize the Muslim village girl as the ultimate savable victim? What gendered and racialized logics are at play in this category's strategic deployment, and what are their tangible effects for both NGOs and village girls who receive aid?

[Introduction To] The Dream Is Lost: Voting Rights And The Politics Of Race In Richmond, Virginia, Julian Maxwell Hayter

Bookshelf

Once the capital of the Confederacy and the industrial hub of slave-based tobacco production, Richmond, Virginia has been largely overlooked in the context of twentieth century urban and political history. By the early 1960s, the city served as an important center for integrated politics, as African Americans fought for fair representation and mobilized voters in order to overcome discriminatory policies. Richmond’s African Americans struggled to serve their growing communities in the face of unyielding discrimination. Yet, due to their dedication to strengthening the Voting Rights Act of 1965, African American politicians held a city council majority by the late 1970s. …

[Chapter 1 And 2 From] Partidos Políticos Y Estado De Bienestar En América Latina, Jennifer Pribble

Bookshelf

El Estado de bienestar se construyó con el objetivo de ofrecer protección social a todas las personas, especialmente a los grupos más pobres y vulnerables de la sociedad. Sin embargo, no todos los sistemas de protección social son iguales. Históricamente, los sistemas de protección social en América Latina registran grandes brechas de cobertura y altos niveles de desigualdad en la distribución de los beneficios. Desde fines de los años noventa, varios países de la región tratan de afrontar estos retos promulgando una serie de reformas en salud pública, asistencia social y política educativa. Si bien algunas de estas iniciativas han …

Chile's Elites Face Demands For Reform, Jennifer Pribble

Political Science Faculty Publications

An estimated one million Chileans took to the streets in August 2016 to demand reform of the country’s privatized pension system, calling for an end to individualized retirement savings accounts, which were created in 1981 during General Augusto Pinochet’s military dictatorship. The mobilization, involving around 5 percent of the country’s population, was the largest since Chile’s return to democracy in 1990. Demonstrations of growing discontent have become common in Chile of late. The pension protests came in the wake of more than five years of student mobilization aimed at forcing a reform of the Pinochet-era education system.

What accounts for …

Social Policies And Center-Right Governments In Argentina And Chile, Sara Niedzwiecki, Jennifer Pribble

Political Science Faculty Publications

Latin America’s “left turn” expanded cash transfers and public services, contributing to lower poverty and inequality. Recently, right-leaning candidates and parties have begun to win back seats in the legislature, and in some cases have captured the executive branch. This shift has sparked debate about the future of Latin America’s welfare states. In this paper we analyze social policy reforms enacted by two recent right-leaning governments: Sebastián Piñera in Chile (2010-2014) and Mauricio Macri in Argentina (2015—). Contrary to neoliberal adjustment policies of the past, we find that neither Macri nor Piñera engaged in privatization or deep spending cuts. Instead, …

Protecting Future Rights For Future Citizens: Children’S Property Rights In Fragile Environments, Sandra F. Joireman

Political Science Faculty Publications

The property rights of children is an understudied area that straddles the development/humanitarian divide. Access to assets is important to the livelihood choices and economic well-being of adults. Yet, adults’ ability to claim property can be significantly impaired by humanitarian emergencies that occurred in their youth. We typically do not think of children as economic actors because of their age; their property rights are future rights not yet realized. This paper addresses the future rights to property held by children and examines how fragile environments, characterized by conflict, displacement and disease, can undermine their ability to claim those rights when …

Politica Y Efectividad De Las Institutciones Municipales En Chile, Jennifer Pribble

Political Science Faculty Publications

Uno de los hallazgos centrales en la obra de Valenzuela (1977) sobre política chilena a nivel local, es que el cargo municipal a menudo constituía el primer escalón hacia la elección en uno de mayor prestigio a nivel nacional, como diputado o senador. Una mirada a la política chilena posterior a 1970 sugiere que esta tendencia es menos común en la actualidad. A pesar del poder relativo y la relevancia de los alcaldes, especialmente en municipalidades urbanas de bajos ingresos, solo un puñado de individuos ha seguido una carrera en la política a nivel nacional². Aun así, muchos …

Wealth Inequality And Activism: Perceiving Injustice Galvanizes Social Change But Perceptions Depend On Political Ideologies, Crystal L. Hoyt, Aaron J. Moss, Jeni L. Burnette, Annette Schieffelin, Abigail Goethals

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

What motivates people to engage in activism against wealth inequality? The simple answer is, perceiving injustice. However, the current work demonstrates that these perceptions depend on political ideologies. More specifically, for political liberals who frequently question the fairness of the economic system, messages simply describing the extent of the inequality (distributive injustice) are enough to motivate activism (Study 1). For political conservatives, who are inclined to believe that inequality results from fair procedures, messages must also detail how the system of economic forces is unjust (procedural injustice; Studies 2 and 3). Together, these studies suggest perceiving injustice can galvanize social …

[Chapter 1 From] African Americans In White Suburbia: Social Networks And Political Behavior, Ernest Mcgowen Iii

Bookshelf

Despite decades of progress, African Americans living in largely white affluent suburbs still often find themselves caught between the two worlds of race and class. High economic status has afforded them considerable employment opportunities and political resources—but not necessarily neighbors, coworkers, or local candidates or office holders who share or even understand their concerns. How does such an environment affect the political behavior of African Americans who have strong racial identifications and policy preferences? This is the question Ernest B. McGowen III asks in African Americans in White Suburbia.

McGowen uses a combination of surveys to understand the attitudes …