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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
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Assessing Warm-Season Annual Grasses To Increase Forage Inventory, Andrea Marroquin
Assessing Warm-Season Annual Grasses To Increase Forage Inventory, Andrea Marroquin
Masters Theses
Summers are expected to continue to increase in heat/dryness in the Northeast, causing issues pertaining to forage production during the summer to worsen. Many pastures grow cool season grasses, even during the summer. These grasses enter a dormant period and slowdown in production during the months of July and August, leading to what is referred to as “summer slump”. Some farms grow corn silage during the summer, and while corn silage is a valuable crop, its cultivation often does not support soil biology. This research addresses solutions for both summer slump foraging and more sustainable silage. Summer annuals grow more …
Evaluation Of Semiochemicals For Attractiveness To Multiple Tortricid (Lepidoptera) Pests In Apple Orchards, Ajay P. Giri
Evaluation Of Semiochemicals For Attractiveness To Multiple Tortricid (Lepidoptera) Pests In Apple Orchards, Ajay P. Giri
Masters Theses
Tortricid moths (Lepidoptera) are known for their outstanding olfaction capabilities that allow them to detect, process, and respond to chemical information emitted by host or non-host plants. Such an ability to filter out odors from the complex mixture to locate their host has allowed researchers and integrated pest management (IPM) practitioners to develop and implement semiochemically-based pest control strategies. The major goal of this study was to evaluate, under field conditions, the response of male and female oriental fruit moth (OFM), codling moth (CM), redbanded leafroller (RBLR) and three lined leafroller (TLLR) to experimental kairomone lures in commercial apple orchards …
Root Growth Dynamics In Response To Moderate Temperatures, Maura J. Zimmermann
Root Growth Dynamics In Response To Moderate Temperatures, Maura J. Zimmermann
Doctoral Dissertations
Temperature can impact growth in plants though both physical and biological means. Plants physically respond to temperature by scaling their enzyme reaction rate to temperature, such as seen in the redox reactions of photosynthesis. Biologically, a plant can respond to temperature more specifically, such as adjusting its flowering time. Recently, the Baskin lab discovered that cell division in the root of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is temperature acclimated (Yang et al., 2017). Between the non-extreme temperatures of 15 and 25˚C cell division and growth zone length are constant. While the rate of cell division increases with temperature, the number …
Investigation Of Basil Downy Mildew Pathogen Survival, New Pathotype Development And Sources Of Quantitative, Kelly S. Allen
Investigation Of Basil Downy Mildew Pathogen Survival, New Pathotype Development And Sources Of Quantitative, Kelly S. Allen
Doctoral Dissertations
Basil downy mildew (BDM) caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora belbahrii, threatens sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) production worldwide. Chemical and cultural control options for BDM are limited, and resistant cultivars have only recently become available for commercial production. To address this challenging agricultural disease, this research investigates BDM epidemiology, occurrences of new pathotypes, and molecular plant-pathogen interactions leading to host resistance or susceptibility. A reproducible low-resource inoculation protocol was developed to harvest P. belbahrii inoculum and propagate BDM for further research. The survival of P. belbahrii sporangia was examined using an in vitro assay to assess germination …
Diterpene Synthases Of The Rice Blast Fungus: Phylogenetic Analysis And Biochemical Characterization, Ayousha Shahi
Diterpene Synthases Of The Rice Blast Fungus: Phylogenetic Analysis And Biochemical Characterization, Ayousha Shahi
Masters Theses
Plant-pathogenic fungi harbor various specialized metabolites including diterpenoids that function as hormones and virulence factors. The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease and can infect over 50 grass species. We demonstrate that the rice blast fungus encodes two diterpene synthases that produce normal pimara-8,15-diene and manoyl oxide scaffolds. Phylogenetic analysis of diterpene synthases among rice blast pathotypes showed functional conservation of the two core diterpene synthases amongst all pathotypes and suggests further expansion in select grass species. These insights into the blast fungal terpenome may inform efforts to counteract deleterious phytopathogens in crucial food crops.
The Influence Of Cover Crop Termination Strategies And Supplemental Nitrogen On Sweet Corn Yield And Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Sachina Sunuwar
The Influence Of Cover Crop Termination Strategies And Supplemental Nitrogen On Sweet Corn Yield And Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Sachina Sunuwar
Masters Theses
Cover crops are instrumental in nutrient management and soil health. A field experiment was conducted from fall 2020 to summer 2021 to evaluate the efficiency of different cover crop termination techniques and supplemental nitrogen on sweet corn yield, ear quality and nitrogen use efficiency. The four termination types are herbicide and disk tillage (HDT), herbicide no-till (HNT), cultivation disk till (CDT), and roller crimped no-till (RCNT). These termination types were each divided into four different nitrogen treatment: 0%, 33%, 67% and 100% of the recommended doses (145 kg haˉ¹). Sweet corn yield was highest and % unfilled tip was lowest …
Songbird-Mediated Insect Pest Control In Low Intensity New England Agriculture, Samuel J. Mayne
Songbird-Mediated Insect Pest Control In Low Intensity New England Agriculture, Samuel J. Mayne
Masters Theses
Global agricultural intensification has caused large-scale wildlife declines, but agricultural lands that maintain natural habitats can support healthy wildlife populations and receive significant ecosystem services from these natural communities. However, how on-farm biodiversity results in beneficial ecosystem services is highly variable and is reported to differ among taxa and guilds. One group that has attracted attention for their potential beneficial role in reducing pest abundance are birds. Understanding the role of bird communities and individual species in pest control could be important for managing farms under a low intensity agroecological framework. In New England, farmers are increasingly applying low intensity …
Screening For Binding Partners And Protein-Protein Interactions Of A Fungal Transcription Factor- Xdr1, Nishadi Punsara Gallala Gamage
Screening For Binding Partners And Protein-Protein Interactions Of A Fungal Transcription Factor- Xdr1, Nishadi Punsara Gallala Gamage
Masters Theses
Clarireedia spp. (formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpaF.T. Bennett) is the causal agent dollar spot, the most economically important turfgrass disease impacting golf courses in North America. The most effective strategy for dollar spot control is repeated application of multiple classes of fungicides. However, reliance on chemical application has led to resistance to four classes of fungicides as well as multidrug resistance (MDR). Fungi are known to detoxify xenobiotics, like fungicides, through transcriptional regulation of three detoxification phases: modification, conjugation and secretion. Little is known, however, of the protein-protein interactions that facilitate these pathways. Following next-generation RNA sequencing of Clarireedia spp., a …
The Spatial Distribution Of Invasive Plant Presence, Abundance, And Impact, Evelyn M. Beaury
The Spatial Distribution Of Invasive Plant Presence, Abundance, And Impact, Evelyn M. Beaury
Doctoral Dissertations
Across the globe, native ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the spread and negative impacts of non-native, invasive plants. While many hypotheses explore what contributes to the damage caused by invasive species, few studies have tested these hypotheses at the macroscale. My dissertation addresses this knowledge gap by synthesizing thousands of vegetation surveys from ecosystems across the United States. I leverage existing, as well as explore new macroecological methods to deepen our understanding of the spatial ecology of plant invasions. My dissertation also asks how effective management and policy has been at reducing plant invasions. The primary introduction pathway for invasive …
Genetic And Environmental Regulation Of Plant Growth, Kirk J-M Mackinnon
Genetic And Environmental Regulation Of Plant Growth, Kirk J-M Mackinnon
Doctoral Dissertations
Field grown crops are continually exposed to a variety of external stimuli that influence plant responses. Light, temperature, and water availability interact to affect many economically important traits including growth rate, size, and lifespan. My research is focused on the intersection of genetic and environmental factors influencing plant growth. Specifically, I am interested in elucidating the regulation of rhythmic genes in response to photo- and thermocycles and identifying novel candidate genes associated with growth and drought traits. Understanding the gene regulatory networks that mediate time-of-day signaling is vital to identifying candidate genes across the pan-genome associated with traits of interest.
Community Assembly And Stress Response Of Grassland Phyllosphere Bacteria, Emily Bechtold
Community Assembly And Stress Response Of Grassland Phyllosphere Bacteria, Emily Bechtold
Doctoral Dissertations
Grasslands are an important ecosystem with potential to help stabilize food security and reduce greenhouse gas levels. As global temperatures rise, weather patterns are predicted to drastically change. The resulting increase in intensity, duration, and frequency of drought in important grassland areas will not only affect agricultural production, but also increase grassland susceptibility to fire, disease, and soil erosion. Thus, developing ways to sustainably promote grassland health and production is essential to increase food security and reduce environmental strain. Microbes in the phyllosphere, or aerial surface of plants, promote host fitness through phytohormone and nutrient production, increased stress tolerance, and …