Digital Commons Network^™

Development Of Mping-Based Activation Tags For Crop Insertional Mutagenesis, Alexander Johnson, Edward Mcassey, Stephanie Diaz, Jacob Reagin, Priscilla S. Redd, Daymond R. Parrilla, Hanh T. Nguyen, Adrian Stec, Lauren A.L. Mcdaniel, Thomas E. Clemente, Robert M. Stupar, Wayne A. Parrott, C Nathan Hancock

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Modern plant breeding increasingly relies on genomic information to guide crop improvement. Although some genes are characterized, additional tools are needed to effectively identify and characterize genes associated with crop traits. To address this need, the mPing element from rice was modified to serve as an activation tag to induce expression of nearby genes. Embedding promoter sequences in mPing resulted in a decrease in overall transposition rate; however, this effect was negated by using a hyperactive version of mPing called mmPing20. Transgenic soybean events carrying mPing-based activation tags and the appropriate transposase expression cassettes showed evidence of transposition. Expression analysis …

Association Mapping For Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Protein And Oil Content, Joseph Najjar

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] is an important economic crop because of its high content of seed protein and oil. Seed oil and protein content are quantitative inherited traits. The genetics of seed protein and oil levels have been extensively studied, with 367 QTL reported for protein and 475 QTL reported for oil to date. Validation of such QTLs, and identification of easily-automatable molecular markers around these QTL will aid the progression of breeding for such traits. The focus of this research was to discover novel and verify previously reported QTL related to protein and/or oil content via Genome-Wide Association …

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2019, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The 2019 Arkansas Soybean Research Studies includes research reports on topics pertaining to soybean across several disciplines, from breeding to post-harvest processing. Research reports contained in this publication may represent preliminary or only a data set from a single year or limited results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for long-term recommendations. Several research reports in this publication will appear in other University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station publications. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between disciplines and our effort to inform Arkansas soybean producers of …

Genetics Of Physiological Traits Associated With Drought Tolerance In Soybean (Glycine Max), Sumandeep Kaur Bazzer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the major row crops in the United States, and its production is often limited by drought stress. Physiological traits from exotic germplasm that confer drought tolerance may be useful in improving commercial soybean production. For example, carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) is positively correlated with water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) is negatively correlated with N2 fixation; canopy temperature (CT) is an indicator for genetic variation in transpiration and stomatal conductance. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to identify the genomic regions associated with: (1) δ13C and δ15N using a …

Developing A High-Throughput Method To Screen Soybean Germplasm For Hypoxia Tolerance In Hydroponic Systems, Derrick Harrison

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine max (Merr.)], the second most planted crop in the United States, is sensitive to field flooding due to depletion of oxygen and accumulation of CO2 in the rhizosphere. There is a need to breed cultivars that are adapted to areas prone to flooding, but field evaluations in the U.S. are limited because of time (one generation per year) and availability of resources (impermeable soils, irrigation, equipment to build levees). The purpose of this study was to develop and execute a protocol of germplasm screening for hypoxia tolerance using hydroponics in a controlled greenhouse environment. Germination rates and vigor …

Sensitivity Of Enlisttm And Roundup Ready Xtend® Technologies To Auxin Herbicides And Comparison Of Resistance To Susceptible Cotton And Soybean Cultivars, James Rose

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Increases in weed resistance have led to the development of new herbicide-resistant crop technologies, namely the Roundup Ready Xtend® and EnlistTM weed control systems. These new technologies provide resistance to applications of the synthetic auxins dicamba or 2,4-D, respectively, in traited cotton or soybean. It is unknown if there is any resistance to other herbicides within the synthetic auxin group (WSSA Group 4) in these traited crops. Experiments were conducted with auxin herbicides representing all five families within WSSA Group 4. Herbicides were applied either preemergence (PRE) or postemergence (POST) relative to the crop in a single application. Applications were …

Modeling The Relationship Between Estimated Fungicide Use And Disease-Associated Yield Losses Of Soybean In The United States I: Foliar Fungicides Vs Foliar Diseases, Ananda Y. Bandara, Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya, Shawn P. Conley, Carl A. Bradley, Tom W. Allen, Paul D. Esker

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Fungicide use in the United States to manage soybean diseases has increased in recent years. The ability of fungicides to reduce disease-associated yield losses varies greatly depending on multiple factors. Nonetheless, historical data are useful to understand the broad sense and long-term trends related to fungicide use practices. In the current study, the relationship between estimated soybean yield losses due to selected foliar diseases and foliar fungicide use was investigated using annual data from 28 soybean growing states over the period of 2005 to 2015. For national and regional (southern and northern United States) scale data, mixed effects modeling was …

Cover Cropping In Soybean-Corn Rotation System: Economic, Agronomic, And Soil Fertility Impact, Jose Rodolfo Mite

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Planting winter-annual cover crops prevent soil erosion, reduces water runoff, and improves soil structure and soil quality. This research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 to evaluate the nutrient turnover of different species of cover crops in soils under different row crop production systems in Northeast and Central Louisiana. In Northeast Louisiana (Site 1, 2, and 3), treatments (cover crops and no cover crop) were arranged in a strip trial with three replications. At the Ben Hur Research Station, the treatments included three planting dates (September, October, and November) with [7 kg ha^-1 of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)] …

Assessing Approaches For Stratifying Producer Fields Based On Biophysical Attributes For Regional Yield-Gap Analysis, Spyridon Mourtzinis, Patricio Grassini, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, José F. Andrade, Peter M. Kyveryga, Shawn P. Conley

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Large databases containing producer field-level yield and management records can be used to identify causes of yield gaps. A relevant question is how to account for the diverse biophysical background (i.e., climate and soil) across fields and years, which can confound the effect of a given management practice on yield. Here we evaluated two approaches to group producer fields based on biophysical attributes: (i) a technology extrapolation domain spatial framework (‘TEDs’) that delineates regions with similar (long-term average) annual weather and soil water storage capacity and (ii) clusters based on field-specific soil properties and weather during each crop …

A Transcriptional Regulatory Network Of Rsv3-Mediated Extreme Resistance Against Soybean Mosaic Virus, Lindsay C. Demers, Neelam R. Redekar, Aardra Kachroo, Sue A. Tolin, Song Li, M. A. Saghai Maroof

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Resistance genes are an effective means for disease control in plants. They predominantly function by inducing a hypersensitive reaction, which results in localized cell death restricting pathogen spread. Some resistance genes elicit an atypical response, termed extreme resistance, where resistance is not associated with a hypersensitive reaction and its standard defense responses. Unlike hypersensitive reaction, the molecular regulatory mechanism(s) underlying extreme resistance is largely unexplored. One of the few known, naturally occurring, instances of extreme resistance is resistance derived from the soybean Rsv3 gene, which confers resistance against the most virulent Soybean mosaic virus strains. To discern the regulatory mechanism …

Dissecting The Economic Impact Of Soybean Diseases In The United States Over Two Decades, Ananda Y. Bandara, Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya, Carl A. Bradley, Tom W. Allen, Paul D. Esker

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is an economically important commodity for United States agriculture. Nonetheless, the profitability of soybean production has been negatively impacted by soybean diseases. The economic impacts of 23 common soybean diseases were estimated in 28 soybean-producing states in the U.S., from 1996 to 2016 (the entire data set consisted of 13,524 data points). Estimated losses were investigated using a variety of statistical approaches. The main effects of state, year, pre- and post-discovery of soybean rust, region, and zones based on yield, harvest area, and production, were significant on “total economic loss” as a function of …

Comparative Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Heat Stress Responses Of Two Soybean Genotypes Differing In Temperature Sensitivity, Sruthi Narayanan, Zolian S. Zoong Lwe, Nitant Gandhi, Ruth Welti, Benjamin Fallen, James R. Smith, Sachin Rustgi

Publications

Heat-induced changes in lipidome and their influence on stress adaptation are not well-defined in plants. We investigated if lipid metabolic changes contribute to differences in heat stress responses in a heat-tolerant soybean genotype DS25-1 and a heat-susceptible soybean genotype DT97-4290. Both genotypes were grown at optimal temperatures (OT; 30/20 °C) for 15 days. Subsequently, half of the plants were exposed to heat stress (38/28 °C) for 11 days, and the rest were kept at OT. Leaf samples were collected for lipid and RNA extractions on the 9^th and 11^th days of stress, respectively. We observed a decline in …

Soybean Root Exudates Increase The Physiological Diversity Of Bacteria In Cadmium-Treated Soil, Leily Kazemi Movahed

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Three soybean cultivars with contrasting retention of cadmium (Cd) in the root were grown in Cd-spiked nutrient solution and used to determine that symplastic compartmentalization of Cd in roots is probably responsible for retention of Cd in roots. Roots of the low Cd-accumulator AC Hime treated with 30 mM Cd exuded up to 10-fold higher concentrations of citric, succinic, fumaric and malic acids into the hydroponic solution when compared to control; concentrations of the same organic acids from the high Cd-accumulator Westag 97 increased by up to 3-fold. The same cultivars were grown in Cd-spiked soil and the physiological profiles …

Soybean Response To Water: Trait Identification And Prediction, Shawn Jenkins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The rising demand for soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] taken in consideration with current climatic trends accentuates the importance of improving soybean seed yield response per unit water (WP). To further our understanding of the quantitative WP trait, a multi-omic approach was implemented for improved trait identification and predictive modeling opportunities. Through the evaluation of two recombinant inbred line populations jointly totaling 439 lines subjected to contrasting irrigation treatments, informative agronomic, phenomic, and genomic associations were identified. Across both populations, relationships were identified between lodging at maturity (r = -0.58, H = 0.86), canopy to air temperature differential …

Feeding A Growing Population--Feasibility Of Leghemoglobin As Visual Marker For Facilitating Plant Genetics Based Nutritional Improvement, Rebecca E. Caldbeck

Oswald Research and Creativity Competition

As the population continues to expand, it is becoming increasingly relevant to find sustainable and affordable sources of high-nutritional value food, specifically protein and fatty acids.

One such crop of interest is Glycine max, commonly known as soybean. The leguminous plant is of high importance globally with its far-reaching economic applicability. Soybeans are a versatile crop with a wide-ranging habitat, making them a readily available food source. Besides their abundance, this crop is also one of the most economical sources of protein on the planet.

With their already blanketed global reach, the introduction of improved genetics to facilitate improved nutritional …

Influence Of Burner Position On Temperature Distribution In Soybean Flaming, Miloš Miloš Rajkovic, Goran Malidža, Strahinja Stepanovic, Marko Kostic, Kristina Petrovic

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

The main objective of this study was to identify optimal burner orientation for a newly designed flame cultivator by quantifying the flame temperature distributions of cross, back, and parallel position of burners at different heights of the soybean canopy (distance from the soil surface). Flame temperatures were measured within-row for three burner orientations at seven propane doses (20–100 kg/ha) and eight different canopy heights (0–18 cm above soil surface). Soybean plants in V3 growth stage were flamed with the same doses and burner orientations, and 28 days after treatment (DAT) crop injury (0%–100%), plant height (cm), dry matter (g) and …

Characterization Of Bacterial Endophytes Isolated From Brassica Carinata And Their Potential Use To Decrease Nutrient Requirements In Crops, Alex Soupir

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bacterial endophytes have the capability to enhance plant growth by producing plant growth hormones, solubilizing phosphates, suppressing pathogenic fungi, and reducing plant stress hormones. These capabilities make them desirable limiting the amount of nutrients and pesticides that are applied to crops. Through these assays and isolations, it is possible to identify novel bacterial species. In-vitro testing had shown 9 of the 20 isolates possess the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) with Pantoea agglomerans BC09 producing a concentration of 30.2 ng/μl over 4 days. BC09, Bacillus subilis BC10, and Pantoea sp. BC12 were able to solubilize calcium phosphate, 7 endophytes …

Insufficient Nitrogen Supply From Symbiotic Fixation Reduces Seasonal Crop Growth And Nitrogen Mobilization To Seed In Highly Productive Soybean Crops, Nicolas Cafaro La Menza, Juan Pablo Monzon, John L. Lindquist, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Johannes M.H. Knops, Murray Unkovich, James E. Specht, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen (N) supply can limit the yields of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in highly productive environments. To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this limitation, seasonal changes in N dynamics, aboveground dry matter (ADM) accumula- tion, leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed radiation (fAPAR) were compared in crops relying only on biological N2 fixation and available soil N (zero-N treatment) versus crops receiving N fertilizer (full-N treatment). Experiments were conducted in seven high-yield environments without water limitation, where crops received optimal management. In the zero-N treatment, biological N2 fixation was not sufficient to meet the N demand of …

Soil Phosphorus Fractions After Long-Term Fertilizer Placement In Different Kansas Soils, M. J. Coelho, D. A. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer placement can affect the long-term dynamics and forms of P, and the overall soil P pools. These changes can vary by soil type, and affect P uptake and use efficiency by crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the labile P fractions in three Kansas soil types under P fertilizer placements (broadcast versus deep band) after ten years of crop rotation. Three field studies were conducted at Scandia, Ottawa, and Manhattan. Three treatments were evaluated: 1) a control with no P fertilizer application and two fertilizer treatments (80 lb P₂O …

Cation Exchange Resins As Indicator Of In-Season Potassium Supply For Soybean In Kansas, D. A. Charbonnier, M. J. Coelho, D. A. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The use of ion-exchange resins to measure soil nutrient availability has potential applications for fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between potassium (K) adsorption by cation exchange resins (CER) and K uptake by soybean in field conditions. The study was conducted at two locations in Kansas during 2019. Two treatments were selected to evaluate the CER. Treatments included a check (0 lb K₂O/a) and a high K rate with 150 lb K₂O/a applied pre-plant and incorporated. The Plant Root Simulator (PRS, Western Ag Innovations, Saskatchewan, Canada) was used as an …

Kansas Fertilizer Research 2020, D. A. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A summary of research conducted in 2018-2020 on fertilizer use and management practices for crops in Kansas. Published in 2020 from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Servicehttps://www.ag.k-state.edu/.

In-Season Crop Management Effect On Soybean Yield And Grain Quality In Eastern South Dakota, Kelsey Bergman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield has increased over time by introduction of newer varieties and improved agronomic practices. However, grain protein concentration has been decreasing at the same time. New field studies in 2018 and 2019 investigated inseason crop management practices effect such as use of foliar protection application, fertilizer application, different maturity length or different planting dates on grain yield and grain quality. The studies were established near Brookings, SD and Beresford, SD. In-season treatments were targeting nutrient availability or protecting soybean canopy during the grain filling period. Such treatments included the use of fungicide, insecticide, or supplying …