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Transcription Factor Duo1 Generated By Neo-Functionalization Is Associated With Evolution Of Sperm Differentiation In Plants, Asuka Higo, Tomokazu Kawashima, Michael Borg, Mingmin Zhao, Irene López-Vidriero, Hidetoshi Sakayama, Sean A. Montgomery, Hiroyuki Sekimoto, Dieter Hackenberg, Masaki Shimamura, Tomoaki Nishiyama, Keiko Sakakibara, Yuki Tomita, Taisuke Togawa, Kan Kunimoto, Akihisa Osakabe, Yutaka Suzuki, Katsuyuki T. Yamato, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Ryuichi Nishihama, Takayuki Kohchi, José M. Franco-Zorrilla, David Twell, Frédéric Berger, Takashi Araki

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Evolutionary mechanisms underlying innovation of cell types have remained largely unclear. In multicellular eukaryotes, the evolutionary molecular origin of sperm differentiation is unknown in most lineages. Here, we report that in algal ancestors of land plants, changes in the DNA-binding domain of the ancestor of the MYB transcription factor DUO1 enabled the recognition of a new cis-regulatory element. This event led to the differentiation of motile sperm. After neo-functionalization, DUO1 acquired sperm lineage-specific expression in the common ancestor of land plants. Subsequently the downstream network of DUO1 was rewired leading to sperm with distinct morphologies. Conjugating green algae, a …

Systematics Of Malesian-Pacific Piper (Piperaceae), Rani Asmarayani

Dissertations

Comprised of ~2400 spp., Piper is a major clade in the magnoliid angiosperms. Three major groups are recognized in Piper, i.e., the Neotropical, Asian and South Pacific. Unlike Neotropical Piper,relationships in the Paleotropical Piper remain enigmatic. This study focused on the Paleotropical Piperwith emphasize on the Malesian-Pacific Piper, Malesia being the center of diversity of the genus in the Paleotropics. The goals are to evaluate relationships within Paleotropical Piper (chapter 1), to evaluate characters, morphological (chapter 1) and stem anatomical (chapter 2), that may distinguish clades, and to investigate the species boundaries focusing on the well-supported …

Target Sequence Capture Of Nuclear-Encoded Genes For Phylogenetic Analysis In Ferns, Paul G. Wolf, Tanner A. Robison, Matthew G. Johnson, Michael A. Sundue, Weston L. Testo, Carl J. Rothfels

Biology Faculty Publications

Premise of the Study

Until recently, most phylogenetic studies of ferns were based on chloroplast genes. Evolutionary inferences based on these data can be incomplete because the characters are from a single linkage group and are uniparentally inherited. These limitations are particularly acute in studies of hybridization, which is prevalent in ferns; fern hybrids are common and ferns are able to hybridize across highly diverged lineages, up to 60 million years since divergence in one documented case. However, it not yet clear what effect such hybridization has on fern evolution, in part due to a paucity of available biparentally inherited …

Genome-Wide Analyses Of The Nac Transcription Factor Gene Family In Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.): Chromosome Location, Phylogeny, Structure, Expression Patterns, Cis-Elements In The Promoter, And Interaction Network, Weiping Diao, John C. Snyder, Shubin Wang, Jinbing Liu, Baogui Pan, Guangjun Guo, Wei Ge, Mohammad Hasan Salman Ali Dawood

Horticulture Faculty Publications

The NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors form a large plant-specific gene family, which is involved in the regulation of tissue development in response to biotic and abiotic stress. To date, there have been no comprehensive studies investigating chromosomal location, gene structure, gene phylogeny, conserved motifs, or gene expression of NAC in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The recent release of the complete genome sequence of pepper allowed us to perform a genome-wide investigation of Capsicum annuum L. NAC (CaNAC) proteins. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the CaNAC gene family in pepper was performed, …

Genetic Diversity And Distinctness Of Wild Nebraska Hops And Hop Cultivars (Humulus Lupulus L.), Megan Franklin

Honors Theses

Background Commercial hop (Humulus lupulus) cultivars that are being grown in the Midwest are not performing as successfully as when they are grown in the Pacific Northwest, the region to which they are adapted. To increase adaptation to the Midwest environment, one strategy is to draw from the genetic pool of wild native Midwest hops, which have developed genes that allow them to grow successfully in this environment. Wild hop plants that are genetically distinct from commercial cultivars are likely to have more adaptations, such as pest/disease resistance and drought tolerance, which can be bred into commercial lines. The …

Ekimia Ozcan-Secmenii (Apiaceae), A New Species From Southwest Anatolia, Turkey, Serdar Gökhan Şenol, Volkan Eroğlu, Nazli Bahar Peli̇t, Duygu Bozyel

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ekimia ozcan-secmenii Şenol & Eroğlu sp. nov. (Apiaceae) is described from SW Turkey. E. ozcan-secmenii differs from its close affinity, E. bornmuelleri, by life form (monocarpic), petal and bracteole morphology, and mericarp features. These data were more supported by the results of nrDNA ITS sequences. The ML tree depicted based on phylogenetic studies aimed to reveal the closeness of the Laserpitium and Prangos species as well as the location the affinity of species in the genus Ekimia. The taxonomic situation of Prangos hulusi was also evaluated based on nrDNA ITS sequences. Since E. ozcan-secmenii is distributed in Sami Soydam Sandalcık …

A New Species Of Barssia (Ascomycota, Helvellaceae) From Turkey, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Doğan, Fuat Bozok, Hatira Taşkin

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species of the genus Barssia was identified from Turkey using both morphological and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA) and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU rDNA) gene sequences. Macroscopic and microscopic features of the fresh samples were photographed and a diagnostic key of the genus Barssia was built considering characteristics of known species.

Xanthagaricus Pakistanicus Sp. Nov. (Agaricaceae): First Report Of The Genus From Pakistan, Shah Hussain, Najam-Ul-Sahar Afshan, Habib Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Abdul Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

Xanthagaricus pakistanicus is described as a new species from lowland northern Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular data. It is characterized by a yellowish pileus, covered with dark brown squamules, a stipe with yellowish fibrils, globose basidiospores, and pileal squamules made up of pseudoparenchymatous epithelium with encrusted walls. Molecular phylogenetic trees were inferred based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA. In phylogenetic analyses the genus Hymenagaricus sensu lato (s. l.) was inferred as a nonmonophyletic group and recovered in two monophyletic clades, consisting of species of the genera Xanthagaricus and Hymenagaricus …

Resolving The Position Of Astragalus Borysthenicus Klokov Within The Astragalus L. Species, Nataliia Karpenko, Viktoriia Martyniuk, Oksana Tyshchenko, Andrii Tarieiev, Ayten Tekpinar, Vitaliia Didenko, Igor Kostikov

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study is focused on several species from the genus Astragalus L. with the aim to clarify the taxonomic status of Ukrainian local endemic species Astragalus borysthenicus Klokov, which is sometimes considered a synonym to A. onobrychis L. In this study, the morphological features, current taxonomy, taxonomical history, and phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA Bayesian inference, as well as comparative analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structures, were investigated. It was found that A. borysthenicus is distant from A. onobrychis according to phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, A. borysthenicus has differences from the investigated taxa in its secondary structures of ITS1 …

A New Species Of Cymbocarpum (Apiaceae) From The Central Anatoliaregion Of Turkey And Its Phylogenetic Position Within Tordylieae, Yusuf Menemen, Burçi̇n Çingay, Aşkin Öykü Çi̇men, Şeref Ertaş

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Cymbocarpum alinihatii, is described from the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Diagnostic and morphological characteristics that distinguish it from allied species C. anethoides, C. wiedemannii, C. amanum, C. erythraeum, and C. marginatum and an identification key for all Cymbocarpum species are provided. To assess its phylogenetic placement, a maximum parsimony analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences from representative members of tribe Tordylieae was carried out. It shows that the new species nests within a well-supported clade comprising members of Cymbocarpum with strong bootstrap value, but it is distinguished from its most closely related species, C. anethoides and C. …

Boletus Himalayensis (Basidiomycota; Boletales), A New Porcini Species From Pakistan, Samina Sarwar, Sana Jabeen, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Bryn Dentinger, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

Morphology and phylogenetic analyses using the ITS and LSU regions of nrDNA were carried out on bolete collections belonging to Boletus s. str., originating from the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The phylogenetic analysis outlined the existence of previously unknown species of this genus. It is described here as Boletus himalayensis . Illustrations of the macroscopic characters and the microscopic features of the new species are provided. The distinction of B. himalayensis from allied species is discussed.