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Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 2002 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes weather data, yield comparisons, crop performance trials, corn trials, soybean trials, winter wheat performance testing, Barley Foliar information, weed and pest control, herbicide demonstrations, canola and flax variety trials and more.

West River Ag Center Crops And Soils Research Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 2002 progress report of the West River Crops and Soils Research Projects, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This document includes reports on: weather and climate, wheat and grain variety trials, management and tillage, and weed and pest control.

Epigenetic History Of An Arabidopsis Trans-Silencer Locus And A Test For Relay Of Trans-Silencing Activity, Huaxia Qin, Albrecht G. Von Arnim

Plant Sciences Publications and Other Works

Background

Meiotically heritable epimutations affecting transgene expression are not well understood, even and in particular in the plant model species, Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis trans-silencer locus, C73, which encodes a fusion protein between the repressor of photomorphogenesis, COP1, and green fluorescent protein (GFP-COP1), heritably modifies the expression pattern and cop1-like cosuppression phenotypes of multiple GFP-COP1 target loci by transcriptional gene silencing.

Results

Here we describe three additional features of trans-silencing by the C73 locus. First, the silencing phenotype of C73 and of similar complex loci was acquired epigenetically over the course of no more than two plant …

Forage News [2002-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Grazing Conference
• Forages at KCA
• 23^RD Annual Conference Set for February 20
• What is ArkPlus Tall Fescue?
• Grazing Can Be Just as Profitable
• Fertility of Kentucky Pasture Fields
• Meat Goat Wether Performance on Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue – A Pilot Study
• Spoilage Losses in Large Round Bales
• KFGC Awards
• Upcoming Events

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for soybean producers. The 2002 soybean cultivar performance tests were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Cotton Branch Station (CBS) near Marianna, the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, the Southeast Research and Extension Center - Rohwer Division (SEREC-RD) near Rohwer, the Burton Brothers Farm (BBF) in LaFayette County, …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers. The 2002 corn performance tests contained 59 entries and were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Cotton Branch Station (CBS) near Marianna, the Bell Farming Company (BFC) near Des Arc, the Southeast Research and Extension Center - Rohwer Division (SEREC-RD) near Rohwer, and the John Williams Farm (JWF) in Lafayette County. …

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This publication is our 42nd Annual Progress Report. Many of the crop and livestock research and demonstration projects conducted at the Southeast Research Farm near Beresford, SD in 2002 are featured. It represents the combined talents of many dedicated faculty, staff, graduate students, and administrators associated with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service in cooperation with the members of Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Corporation. Our goal is to provide accurate and reliable information in a timely manner to our agricultural clientele. (See more in text.)

Center For Grassland Studies Center, Winter 2002, Volume 8, No. 1

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Study Shows Importance of Biodiversity to Grasslands

Managing Prairies for Biodiversity by Chris Helzer, The Nature Conservancy

2002-2003 Nebraska Ranch Practicum

2002 Nebraska Range Shortcourse by Lowell Moser, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL

Specialty Tomato Variety Observation Trial For Indiana, 2002, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

The trial reported here is an extension of the specialty tomato trials conducted in Indiana in 2001. In that trial, 16 varieties were grown in replicated trials in two locations to evaluate their performance and suitability for the restaurant salad market. In this trial, the same 16 varieties plus an additional 17 varieties were grown in unreplicated plots for evaluation of yield and culinary quality.

Specialty Tomato Variety Observation Trial For Indiana, 2002, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

The trial reported here is an extension of the specialty tomato trials conducted in Indiana in 2001. In that trial, 16 varieties were grown in replicated trials in two locations to evaluate their performance and suitability for the restaurant salad market. In this trial, the same 16 varieties plus an additional 17 varieties were grown in unreplicated plots for evaluation of yield and culinary quality.

A Simple Test To Evaluate The Calibration Stability And Accuracy Of Infrared Thermocouple Sensors, Derek R. Pinnock, Bruce Bugbee

Techniques and Instruments

Accurately measuring surface temperature is not difficult when the surface, the sensor, and air temperatures are similar, but it is challenging when the surface temperature is significantly different than air and sensor temperatures.

We tested three Infrared Thermocouple sensors (IRT’s) that had been used for two years in a greenhouse environment. The importance of the correction for sensor body temperature was also examined.

Selection And Culture Of Landscape Plants In Utah: A Guide For High Mountain Valleys, Larry Rupp, William A. Varga, Teresa A. Cerny, Chad R. Reid, Michael R. Kuhns

CWEL Extension Fact Sheets

No abstract provided.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 34, No. 3/4 September/December 2002

The Prairie Naturalist

SEASONAL FOOD HABITS OF COYOTES IN NORTHEASTERN KANSAS ▪ J. F. Kamler, P. S. Gipson, and C. C. Perchellet

SELECTION OF NESTING HABITAT BY SHARP-TAILED GROUSE IN THE NEBRASKA SANDHILLS ▪ B. L. Prose, B. S. Cade, and D. Hein

PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTION FOR WESTERN HARVEST MICE IN NORTH-CENTRAL KANSAS ▪ J. R. Goheen, G. A. Kaufman, and D. W. Kaufman

THE IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL TRAILS AND GRAZING ON SMALL MAMMALS IN THE COLORADO PIEDMONT ▪ C. A. Meaney, A. K. Ruggles, N. W. Clippinger, and B. C. Lubow

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA 2001 ▪ R. N. Randall …

Comparison Of Nutrient Concentration In Four Fertility Treatments After Poultry Litter Application To Orchardgrass And Sorghum-Sundangrass Hayfield Soils, Amanda Canty

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Field experiments were established in 2001 at the Agricultural Research and Education Complex in Bowling Green, Kentucky to evaluate soil fertility values before and after poultry litter application to orchardgrass and sorghum-sudangrass hayfields. A randomized complete block design was utilized with each treatment being replicated four times. Orchardgrass plots consisted of sixteen 7.6 m rows, 91 m in length and separated by alleys 4.6 m in width. Sorghum-sudangrass plots consisted of sixteen 7.6 m rows, 60.96 m in length and separated by alleys 4.6 m in width. Four separate fertility treatments were utilized: inorganic fertilizer (I), poultry litter applied to …

Use Of Bacterial Acetate Kinase And Their Genes For Protection Of Plants Against Different Pathogens, Arthur G. Hunt, Glenn B. Collins, Qingshun Li, Santanu Dasgupta

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Patents

An isolated gene fragment that encodes for acetate kinase, which confers disease resistance in plants is disclosed. The gene can be cloned into an expression vector to produce a recombinant DNA expression system suitable for insertion into cells to form a transgenic plant transformed with the gene fragment. A method for conferring disease resistance in plants that consists of growing plant host cells transformed with the expression system and expressing the gene conferring disease resistance to impart such resistance to host cells is also disclosed.

Handbook Of Plant And Crop Physiology, Second Edition, Revised And Expanded, Wally Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This book, as the title states, is an updated and expanded edition of a 1995 book with a similar title and the same editor. The first thing that may strike the reader of the Handbook is the physical size of this volume. Although the second edition is a few pages shorter than the original (973 vs. 1003 pages), the print size was reduced in this revised edition allowing the expanded text to be presented in a similar number of pages. In revising the book, the editor and authors have rearranged the sections, updated almost all chapters, and added chapters on …

Soils Of Mississippi County, Arkansas, J. M. Mckimmey, B. Dixon, H. D. Scott, C. M. Scarlat

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Along with air and water, soil contributes essential processes to the natural order of global cycles. With the exception of edibles from the sea, virtually everything we, and most other land-based animals, eat is derived from soil. Soil is a storage medium of essential minerals and nutrients for fulfilling our agricultural and nutritional needs. Humans work the soil to provide the basics of food, clothing, and shelter. We also use the soil as a medium to store and discard our waste. Virtually everything we do is in some way connected to soil

Non-Destructive Determination Of Leaf Expansion Using A Digital Camera, D. R. Pinnock, S. P. Klassen, Bruce Bugbee

Techniques and Instruments

Leaf expansion is reduced in mild water stress. Early detection of water stress can be accomplished with digital images taken at daily or hourly intervals.

Conclusions

• Digital cameras can be used to determine leaf expansion and relative growth rate.
• Digital cameras can also be used to detect early symptoms of water stress.

Forage News [2002-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Grazing Conference Approaching
• Fall Grazing School
• Forage Survey Complete
• Preference of Grazing Goats for Cool-Season Annual Clovers
• Relative Forage Quality (RFQ): Even Better Than RFV
• Upcoming Events

Sp307-J-Landscaping With Fruit, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

Fruit and nut crops may be valuable additions to the landscape if proper attention is paid to crop selection, site preparation and cultural practices following planting. By adequately addressing these points, an edible landscape may become a reality. The following guidelines will assist you in determining which fruit and nut crops to use and where to plant them to meet your landscape objectives.

Nebline, November/December 2002

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Families - The Backbone of Neighborhoods
Community Partnerships Help Build
Strong Families & Neighborhoods
Make a Holiday Wreath
Cyclamen care
Winter Care of Houseplants
2002 November/December Garden Calendar
Horticulture Information Center
Carbon Monoxide: The Hidden Killer
Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisoning from Small Gasoline-Powered Engines and Tools
Reduce Costs and Increase Yields with Biosolids!
Enjoying Your Backyard Wildlife
Neighborhood Cats
Aflatoxin in Corn - What can be Done?
Crop Protection Clinic Jan. 10
Feeding Value of Drought- Stricken Corn Grain for Swine Not Affected
Fall Brings Garden Clean-up
Sales Tax on Tree Planting Services
Use Energy More Efficiently, Cut Heating Costs …

Detection Of Phosphorus And Nitrogen Deficiencies In Corn Using Spectral Radiance Measurements, S.L. Osbourne, James S. Schepers, D. Francis, Michael R. Schlemmer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Applications of remote sensing in crop production are becoming increasingly popular due in part to an increased concern with pollution of surface and ground waters due to over-fertilization of agricultural lands and the need to compensate for spatial variability in a field. Past research in this area has focused primarily on N stress in crops. Other stresses and the interactions have not been fully evaluated. A field experiment was conducted to determine wavelengths and/or combinations of wavelengths that are indicative of P and N deficiency and also the interaction between these in corn (Zea mays L.). The field experiment …

Understanding And Managing Corn Yield Potential, Achim R. Dobermann, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Kenneth G. Cassman, J Lindquist, James E. Specht, Daniel T. Walters, Haishun Yang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Rainfed and irrigated systems in which corn is grown either in rotation with soybean or as a continuous monocrop are the predominant cropping systems in North America. About 30 million ha of corn are harvested annually for grain in the USA, of which eleven states in the Corn Belt produce more than 210 million tons or 35% of the global corn supply (Dobermann and Cassman, 2002). During the past 35 years, average corn yields have increased linearly at a rate of 1.7 bu/acre per year (109 kg ha^-1 per year, Fig. 1). Average corn yields now approach 140 bu/acre …

An Evolutionary Perspective Of Pierce’S Disease Of Grapevine, Citrus Variegated Chlorosis, And Mulberry Leaf Scorch Diseases, Jianchi Chen, John S. Hartung, Chung-Jan Chang, Anne K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Xylella fastidiosa causes diseases on a growing list of economically important plants. An understanding of how xylellae diseases originated and evolved is important for disease prevention and management. In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of X. fastidiosa strains from citrus, grapevine, and mulberry through the analyses of random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and conserved 16S rDNA genes. RAPD analysis emphasized the vigorous genome-wide divergence of X. fastidiosa and detected three clonal groups of strains that cause Pierce’s disease (PD) of grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), and mulberry leaf scorch (MLS). Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences also identified the …

Prevalence And Characterization Of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli On Carcasses In Commercial Beef Cattle Processing Plants, Terrance M. Arthur, Genevieve A. Barkocy-Gallagher, Mildred Rivera-Betancourt, Mohammad Koohmaraie

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Beef carcass sponge samples collected from July to August 1999 at four large processing plants in the United States were surveyed for the presence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Twenty-eight (93%) of 30 single-source lots surveyed included at least one sample containing non-O157 STEC. Of 334 carcasses sampled prior to evisceration, 180 (54%) were found to harbor non-O157 STEC. Non-O157 STEC isolates were also recovered from 27 (8%) of 326 carcasses sampled after the application of antimicrobial interventions. Altogether, 361 non-O157 STEC isolates, comprising 41 different O serogroups, were recovered. O serogroups that previously have been associated with …

Forage News [2002-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage Survey Near Completion
• Fall Grazing School
• KFGC Beef-Forage Field Day
• A Proposal for Replacing Relative Feed Value with an Alternative: Relative Forage Quality
• Yield, Quality, and Toxicity of Stockpiled Tall Fescue
• Production and Persistence of Max-Q Tall Fescue Under Grazing in Alabama
• Upcoming Events

Relationships Between Blueberry Flower Age, Pollination, And Conidial Infection By Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi, Jeffery S. Lehman, Henry K. Ngugi, Harald Scherm

Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi infects open blueberry flowers via the gynoecial pathway, leading to mummification of the developing fruit. To determine the effect of flower age on infection, stigmata were inoculated with conidia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi between 0 and 5 days after anthesis, fungal growth rates through the stylar canal were measured in detached flowers in the laboratory, and fruit disease incidence was determined in plants grown in the greenhouse. Hyphal growth rates were greatest in flowers inoculated on the day of anthesis, declined linearly with increasing flower age at inoculation (r = 0.921; P < 0.0001; n = 12), and were unaffected by the presence or absence of pollen applied at the time of inoculation. In greenhouse-grown plants, the percentage of infected fruit decreased exponentially with increasing flower age at inoculation (R = 0.878; P = 0.0057; n = 10), with disease incidence ranging from 76.4% for flowers inoculated on the day of anthesis to 15.5% for those inoculated 4 days later. Fruit disease incidence in the greenhouse was linearly correlated with hyphal growth rates in detached flowers (r = 0.985; P < 0.0001; n = 9), justifying the use of detached flowers when investigating gynoecial infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi. In separate experiments, the effects of timing and sequence of pollination and inoculation on hyphal growth rates through the stylar canal and on disease incidence were investigated. Application of pollen to detached flowers 1 or 2 days before inoculation reduced hyphal growth rates by between 14.0 and 42.9% compared with flowers that received pollen and conidia simultaneously. Similarly, reductions in fruit disease incidence by between 9.5 and 18.3% were observed on greenhouse-grown plants for pollination-to-inoculation intervals ranging from 1 to 4 days. These results document that newly opened flowers are most susceptible to infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi and that fruit disease incidence is reduced if pollination occurs at least 1 day before inoculation. Strategies that lead to early pollination of newly opened flowers may be useful for managing mummy berry disease in the field.

Impact Of The Agricultural Sector On The Arkansas Economy, H. L. Goodwin Jr., Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller, Gina Vickery, Z. Clayton-Niederman

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agriculture historically has been one of the primary sectors of the Arkansas economy. Agriculture is defined as the sum of agricultural, forestry, and fisheries production and processing activities unless otherwise specified. Not only does agriculture contribute to the economy through direct agricultural production and added value processing, it also plays an important role through the economy’s other sectors. Utilizing data from the United States Bureau of Economic Affairs and the State of Arkansas, the economic impact of agriculture on the Arkansas economy was estimated for the latest year available, 1999. Gross State Product (GSP) information for Arkansas was compared with …

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletters, Fall 2002, Volume 8, No. 4

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Examining the Roles of Plant Species and Nitrogen in the Structure and Function of Microbial Communities by Kate Bradley, Rhae Drijber and Johannes Knops, UNL

Carcass and Palatability Characteristics of Calf-fed and Yearling Finished Steers by Perry Brewer, Rosemary Anderson, Chris Calkins, Terry Klopfenstein, and Rick Rasby Department of Animal Science, UNL

2nd Nebraska Grazing Conference Another Winner

New Grasslands Plan Holds Promise for People, Wildlife, and Public Lands (reprint of Hovorka article)

Tracking Movement of Cattle With Satellites

Integrating Forage and Cattle Resources to Maximize Profitability of Beef Enterprises Conferences

Nebraska Partnership for All-Bird Conservation Formed