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Plant Sciences

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2018

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A Perplexing Process: Understanding How Agricultural Producers Process Best Management Practice Information, Audrey E. H. King, Lauri M. Baker Nov 2018

A Perplexing Process: Understanding How Agricultural Producers Process Best Management Practice Information, Audrey E. H. King, Lauri M. Baker

Journal of Applied Communications

Best management practices (BMPs) are suggested practices that help agricultural producers optimize production while reducing pollution, soil erosion, and other environmental impacts. Many audiences, including scientists and policy makers, have expressed disappointment at the current level of BMP use. Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is used to understand how people process messages. ELM states that people can process messages either centrally or peripherally. This study sought to understand how producers processed information related to BMP adoption in grazing systems. Researchers conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews with 42 beef-cattle producers in Kansas and Oklahoma. It was found producers process information both centrally and …

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Molecular Characterization Of Penstemon Scariosus (Plantaginaceae), Mikel R. Stevens Oct 2018

Molecular Characterization Of Penstemon Scariosus (Plantaginaceae), Mikel R. Stevens

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The objectives of this project: Our objective was “to develop an understanding of the genetic structure of the varieties within P. scariosus. With a specific intent to test the hypothesis that P. scariosus var. albifluvis is distinct within P. scariosus” while mentoring no less than four undergraduate students. We have meet and exceeded the academic objectives proposed and then funded by this MEG as attested to in the following paragraphs and attachments to this report. As a result of our most excellent success in this project we have four additional students who are volunteering on the project. It is our …

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The Effect Of Two Different Harvesting Methods On The Yield Of 'Topbunch' And 'Hi-Crop' Collards (Brassica Oleracea (L)) When Grown In A Wiregrass Tunnel House, Veronica E. Walton, Raymon Shange, Melissa Johnson, Edward Sparks, Victor Khan, James E. Currington, Ramble Ankumah, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery L. Moore Aug 2018

The Effect Of Two Different Harvesting Methods On The Yield Of 'Topbunch' And 'Hi-Crop' Collards (Brassica Oleracea (L)) When Grown In A Wiregrass Tunnel House, Veronica E. Walton, Raymon Shange, Melissa Johnson, Edward Sparks, Victor Khan, James E. Currington, Ramble Ankumah, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery L. Moore

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

A study was conducted to determine if 100% or 50% harvesting of collard leaves was a suitable recommendation for Tunnel House producers. The experiment was conducted as a split-split plot design with varieties as the main plots, harvesting 100% or 50% of leaves as the sub-plots, and days after transplanting as the subplots. All treatments were replicated three times, drip irrigated, and fertilized according to soil test recommendations. The results showed significant interactions between varieties and method of harvest, for leaf numbers and weight. Conversely, the varieties showed significant differences for yield but not leaf numbers. Both varieties showed significant …

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The Evaluation Of Two Different Harvesting 'Topbunch' And 'Hi-Crop' Collards (Brassica Oleracea (L)) Leaves From Plants Grown In A Wiregrass Tunnel House, Edward Sparks, Raymon Shange, Jacquelyn Jackson, Victor Khan, James E. Currington, Ramble Ankumah, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery L. Moore Aug 2018

The Evaluation Of Two Different Harvesting 'Topbunch' And 'Hi-Crop' Collards (Brassica Oleracea (L)) Leaves From Plants Grown In A Wiregrass Tunnel House, Edward Sparks, Raymon Shange, Jacquelyn Jackson, Victor Khan, James E. Currington, Ramble Ankumah, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery L. Moore

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

A study was conducted to determine if a 100% or 50% harvest intensity of ‘Topbunch’ collards leaves could be a recommended practice for Tunnel House producers. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot design with harvest dates as main plots, and harvesting intensity of 100% or 50% of leaves as sub-plots. All treatments were replicated three times, drip irrigated, and fertilized according to soil test recommendations. The results showed significant interactions between harvest methods and dates for number and weight of leaves harvested. There were also significant differences for the weight of leaves harvested and numbers. The leaf recovery rates …

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Yardwork: A Biography Of An Urban Place By Daniel Coleman, Vivian M. Hansen Aug 2018

Yardwork: A Biography Of An Urban Place By Daniel Coleman, Vivian M. Hansen

The Goose

Review of Daniel Coleman's Yardwork: A Biography of an Urban Place.

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Characterizing Endophyte Interactions That Enhance Tolerance Of Water Stress And Disease In Economically And Culturally Important Succulent Crops, Agave And Yucca, Claire Poore, Ryan Stewart Aug 2018

Characterizing Endophyte Interactions That Enhance Tolerance Of Water Stress And Disease In Economically And Culturally Important Succulent Crops, Agave And Yucca, Claire Poore, Ryan Stewart

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Agave and Yucca species are both cultural and economically important in the south western United States and Mexico. As desert plants, Agave and Yucca have adapted to hot and dry conditions and with increasing global temperatures, have the potential to fill even more important roles in modern agriculture1. The Navajo people place immense value on Yucca due to its source for food, twine, hair cleanser as well and its role in religious ceremonies. Agave has long been valued as a crop in Mexico and is used for food, fiber and beverages. Fusarium oxysporum is a major plant disease …

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Increases In Fresh Weight Yield From Low Tunnels And Nitrogen Fertilization In Opuntia (Cactus Pear, Nopal) Species In Utah, Kennedy Christian, Mena Nicolas, J. Ryan Stewart Aug 2018

Increases In Fresh Weight Yield From Low Tunnels And Nitrogen Fertilization In Opuntia (Cactus Pear, Nopal) Species In Utah, Kennedy Christian, Mena Nicolas, J. Ryan Stewart

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With the global human population spiraling upward and the intensity of climate-change-induced drought events increasing, there is a growing need for identifying and developing highly productive, stress-tolerant crops that can be cultivated in marginal lands (Yang et al., 2015). Species within the Opuntia genus exhibit several traits, which enable them to withstand drought while growing in nutrient-poor soils (Nobel, 2010). However, these Opuntia species lack sufficient cold hardiness to be produced beyond northern Mexico (Felker et al., 2006) despite an increase in consumer demand of these pads from the Intermountain West and other parts of the U.S (Huffcut, 2004). Our …

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Increasing Water Use Efficiency By Nitrogen Management In Turfgrass, Austin Hopkins, Dr. Neil C. Hansen Aug 2018

Increasing Water Use Efficiency By Nitrogen Management In Turfgrass, Austin Hopkins, Dr. Neil C. Hansen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This project identifies turfgrass practices to conserve water by optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation strategies. Turfgrass is the most irrigated crop by area (163,800 km2), accounting for 1.9% of the continental U.S. This causes negative environmental impacts and puts the future of irrigated turfgrass in question due to increasing water scarcity, especially in the western U.S. More information is needed on how to irrigate in droughts as turf provides significant benefits in our environment such as aesthetics, cooling effects, carbon sequestration, and preventing soil erosion.

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Herbarium Records Reveal Earlier Bloom Times In Three Southern Appalachian Plant Species, Melanie Flood, Mark Davis, Ashlee Mccaskill Aug 2018

Herbarium Records Reveal Earlier Bloom Times In Three Southern Appalachian Plant Species, Melanie Flood, Mark Davis, Ashlee Mccaskill

Georgia Journal of Science

Plant phenology, especially the onset of flowering in angiosperms, is a useful tool for studying the effects of climate change on native flora because it is influenced by temperatures. Numerous studies in different biomes have provided evidence of earlier bloom times in response to increasing temperatures. We examined herbarium specimen data to determine whether three spring-blooming species (Sanguinaria canadensis, Iris cristata, and Trillium rugelii) at the southern terminus of the Appalachians exhibit a similar change in onset of flowering over several decades. All three species exhibited significantly earlier flower onset during the past 120 years, a …

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Perma/Culture: Imagining Alternatives In An Age Of Crisis By Molly Wallace And David Carruthers, Bryant Scott Aug 2018

Perma/Culture: Imagining Alternatives In An Age Of Crisis By Molly Wallace And David Carruthers, Bryant Scott

The Goose

Review of Molly Wallace and David Carruthers' Perma/Culture: Imagining Alternatives in an Age of Crisis.

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Oaks (Family: Fagaceae) Diversity From Moist Temperate Forests Of Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan, Sher Wali, Kishwar Sultana, Fida Muhammad Khan Jul 2018

Oaks (Family: Fagaceae) Diversity From Moist Temperate Forests Of Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan, Sher Wali, Kishwar Sultana, Fida Muhammad Khan

Journal of Bioresource Management

A detailed survey was conducted in five national parks and game reserves of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan to assess the biodiversity of family Fagaceae. Identification of the species was done using literary sources and comparison of samples with herbaria from Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad and Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan. A total of eight different species belonging to two genera were identified, including Quercus spp., Castanea sativa, Quercus glauca, Quercus baloot, Quercus incana, Quercus velutina, Quercus alba and Quercus dilatata. The greatest biodiversity was found in Banjosa Game Reserve (BGR) and Tolipir National Park (TNP), while Pir …

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Variability, Inheritance Of Fiber Length In 4-5 Specific And Backcross Hybrids, Tolerance Of Cotton Hybrids To Bollworm In Depending Of The Level Of Gossypol, Sayfulla Boboyev, Fakhriddin Kushanov, Ikrom Amanturdiev, Gulnoza Akhmedjanova Jun 2018

Variability, Inheritance Of Fiber Length In 4-5 Specific And Backcross Hybrids, Tolerance Of Cotton Hybrids To Bollworm In Depending Of The Level Of Gossypol, Sayfulla Boboyev, Fakhriddin Kushanov, Ikrom Amanturdiev, Gulnoza Akhmedjanova

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

In this paper presents data of researches about fiber length in the 4-5 species. The largest number of plants with the indicated analyzed trait in hybrid combinations, obtained with the participation of the Omad variety, appeared with a number of variations in fiber length at 35.0-36.0 mm and above. Investigation of 4-species hybrids of F2 and back cross hybridization allowed some improvement in the average value of trait when compared with F1. Despite the emergence of transgressive plants with fiber length 36.1-37.0 mm and above, the average trait of composite 5 species hybrids F2 remained almost at the level of …

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Biochemical Characterization Of The Oat Cslf6 Mixed-Linkage Glucan Synthase, Alexander E. Chu, Eric N. Jellen Jun 2018

Biochemical Characterization Of The Oat Cslf6 Mixed-Linkage Glucan Synthase, Alexander E. Chu, Eric N. Jellen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The central dogma of molecular biology teaches that the information of life is stored in DNA, a linear chain of nucleotide molecules. The information in DNA nucleotides is then transcribed into RNA, which encodes the amino acids needed to make proteins. These chemically active proteins are responsible for nearly all the processes of life in the cell. Thus, a single gene, consisting of relatively inert DNA, can give rise to a protein with a highly specialized function, and the collection of genes contained in a genome can give rise to the diversity of biomolecular function needed to sustain a living …

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A Metagenome-Wide Association Study Of Gut Microbiota In Drosophila Cancer Metastasis., Anthony Caruso, John Chaston Jun 2018

A Metagenome-Wide Association Study Of Gut Microbiota In Drosophila Cancer Metastasis., Anthony Caruso, John Chaston

Journal of Undergraduate Research

It has been established by past scientific research that the gastrointestinal microbiome plays a defined role in many human diseases. Some of these diseases include inflammatory bowel disease, autism, hypertension, and even cancer. A common symptom seen in many of these diseases is the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota. Studies investigating several of these ailments have shown that model organisms can be rescued from negative symptoms through the addition of health promoting bacteria to their gastrointestinal tracts. While these fascinating correlations between levels of gut microbiota and disease have been well established, the specific genes of the bacteria and the inter-organism …

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Incorporating Ground Juniper Wood Into Sagebrush Seed Agglomerates As A Fungicide Alternative, Benjamin Hoose, Matthew Madsen Jun 2018

Incorporating Ground Juniper Wood Into Sagebrush Seed Agglomerates As A Fungicide Alternative, Benjamin Hoose, Matthew Madsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Sagebrush seed agglomerates (referred to as ‘agglomerates’ in the remainder of the report) are small balls of seed, clay, and compost that allow us to treat sagebrush seeds with germination enhancers. The goal of my project was to determine whether we could use the antimicrobial properties of juniper wood to reduce fungal attack of sagebrush seed by replacing the compost component of agglomerates with ground juniper. We met our goal, and determined that juniper wood does not act as an effective fungal deterrent. However, we did successfully incorporate juniper into agglomerates, which added consistency and repeatability to the agglomerate recipe …

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Bioactivity Of Secondary Metabolites Of The Alaskan Fungus, Phellinus Igniarius, Johnathon Kreider, Brad Geary Jun 2018

Bioactivity Of Secondary Metabolites Of The Alaskan Fungus, Phellinus Igniarius, Johnathon Kreider, Brad Geary

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Drug testing is one of the most important activities of the Life Sciences. As biotechnological resources like genetically modified mice or artificial skin become more commonplace and accessible to drug researchers, testing has become more efficient. One of the reoccurring problems, though, is that for new drugs to be tested they must first be found. Research has shown that plants and fungi are the best places to look: over 70 percent of drugs that have been introduced in the last quarter century have been derived from natural resources (Newman& Cragg 2012). Notable examples such as Taxol from the Yew tree, …

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Microbiota Effects On Ethanol Tolerance In Drosophila Melanogaster, Rebekah Rushforth, John Chaston Jun 2018

Microbiota Effects On Ethanol Tolerance In Drosophila Melanogaster, Rebekah Rushforth, John Chaston

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly, is one of the primary organisms for genetic study because it contains a small genome that allows for easy study of mutations. Furthermore, Drosophila is a choice model for host genetics. The human gut microbiome contains hundreds to thousands of different species of microbiota; where the microbiota of a fruit fly is approximately 40 species. In addition, we can make the flies axenic (bacteria free). This allows us to mono or multi associate different bacteria groups in order to identify causation in phenotype changes in the host organism. In this project, we test axenic …

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Budding Plant, Amberly White May 2018

Budding Plant, Amberly White

TYGR: Student Art and Literary Magazine 2018-present

No abstract provided.

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Comparative Study Of Photosynthesis Rates Between Native Red Maple And Invasive Norway Maple In The Eastern Deciduous Forest, Evan M. Bourtis, Lindsey R. Heckman Apr 2018

Comparative Study Of Photosynthesis Rates Between Native Red Maple And Invasive Norway Maple In The Eastern Deciduous Forest, Evan M. Bourtis, Lindsey R. Heckman

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

Invasive species, such as the Norway Maple, are often able to outcompete native species, such as the Red Maple by performing more efficiently in the environment compared to the native species. In this study, we examined if the Norway maple was able to outcompete the Red Maple in the Eastern Deciduous Forest because the Norway Maple had a higher rate of photosynthesis. The study found that the Norway Maple leaves had a slightly higher rate of carbon dioxide consumption than Red Maple leaves and that the Red Maple leaves had a higher rate of oxygen production compared to the Norway …

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The Effect Of Two Planting Dates And Methods On Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) Production In A Tunnel House, Edward Sparks, Victor Khan, Ramble Ankumah, James E. Currington, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery Moore Mar 2018

The Effect Of Two Planting Dates And Methods On Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) Production In A Tunnel House, Edward Sparks, Victor Khan, Ramble Ankumah, James E. Currington, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery Moore

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of two planting dates and methods on snap bean yields in a tunnel house. The main plots included planting dates March 17 and 31, 2016 for first and second plantings. The sub-plots consisted of planting Method 1 where one seed per hill was planted every 4” apart, and planting Method 2 where three seeds per hill were planted every 12” apart; each treatment combination was replicated four times. The results of the study showed that it took 55 days for the snap beans to be ready for harvest for both planting dates. …

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Table Of Contents Mar 2018

Table Of Contents

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

No abstract provided.

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Yield Of Two Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Cultivars Grown In A Wiregrass Model Tunnel House Under Trellised And Conventional Planting Systems, Veronica E. Walton, Raymon Shange, Victor Khan, James E. Currington, Ramble Ankumah, Edward Sparks, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery L. Moore Mar 2018

Yield Of Two Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Cultivars Grown In A Wiregrass Model Tunnel House Under Trellised And Conventional Planting Systems, Veronica E. Walton, Raymon Shange, Victor Khan, James E. Currington, Ramble Ankumah, Edward Sparks, Nathaniel Ellison, George X. Hunter Jr., Jeffery L. Moore

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

No abstract provided.

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Media Portrayal Of Gm Science And Citrus Greening In State And National Newspapers, Jeremy D'Angelo, Jason D. Ellis Ph.D., Katherine Burke Ph.D., Taylor Ruth Mar 2018

Media Portrayal Of Gm Science And Citrus Greening In State And National Newspapers, Jeremy D'Angelo, Jason D. Ellis Ph.D., Katherine Burke Ph.D., Taylor Ruth

Journal of Applied Communications

Huanglongbing (HLB), commonly known as citrus greening, is a bacterial disease severely affecting the profitability and continuation of the citrus industry in Florida and is threatening the citrus industry in other states as well. Currently, the disease only can be managed, not cured. Gene-based therapies, such as GM science, have been identified as a viable long-term solution. However, consumer acceptance of genetically modified food is low and their understanding and acceptance of new technologies is largely dependent on what they receive through mass media. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand news coverage of both citrus greening and …

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Arthropod Fauna Associated With Wild And Cultivated Cranberries In Wisconsin, Shawn A. Steffan, Merritt E. Singleton, Michael L. Draney, Elissa M. Chasen, Kyle E. Johnson, Juan E. Zalapa Feb 2018

Arthropod Fauna Associated With Wild And Cultivated Cranberries In Wisconsin, Shawn A. Steffan, Merritt E. Singleton, Michael L. Draney, Elissa M. Chasen, Kyle E. Johnson, Juan E. Zalapa

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is an evergreen, trailing shrub native to North American peatlands. It is cultivated commercially in the US and Canada, with major production centers in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Washington, Québec, and British Columbia. Despite the agricultural importance of cranberry in Wisconsin, relatively little is known of its arthropod associates, particularly the arachnid fauna. Here we report preliminary data on the insect and spider communities associated with wild and cultivated cranberries in Wisconsin. We then compare the insect and spider communities of wild cranberry systems to those of cultivated cranberries, indexed by region. Approximately 7,400 …

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The Effect Of Simulated Herbivory On Pea Plants (Pisum Sativum) Under Water Stress, Georgia Harrison Feb 2018

The Effect Of Simulated Herbivory On Pea Plants (Pisum Sativum) Under Water Stress, Georgia Harrison

Conspectus Borealis

No abstract provided.

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Distribution Of A. Modesta, A. Julibrissin And M. Himalayana Gamble In Pir Lasura National Park, Sher Wali Khan, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif, Madeeha Manzoor Jan 2018

Distribution Of A. Modesta, A. Julibrissin And M. Himalayana Gamble In Pir Lasura National Park, Sher Wali Khan, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif, Madeeha Manzoor

Journal of Bioresource Management

Pir Lasura National Park (PLNP) in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan is located in the Kotli Forest division and spans across an area of 13,900 acres. The list obtained through this study included 46 tree species of angiosperms, out of which only 3 species belong to the family Mimosaceae; A. modesta, A. julibrissin and M. himalayana gamble. A. modesta had 1.6 % constancy and belonged to class Ⅰ, A. julibrissin had 3.3% relative cover and belonged to class Ⅰ, whereas the relative vegetative cover of Mimosa himalayana gamble was too less to be tabulated. All the three species of the …

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Distribution Of Gymnosperms In Pir Lasura National Park, Kishwar Sultana, Afsar Mian, Asad Ghufran, Sabiha Shamim Jan 2018

Distribution Of Gymnosperms In Pir Lasura National Park, Kishwar Sultana, Afsar Mian, Asad Ghufran, Sabiha Shamim

Journal of Bioresource Management

Survey carried out in June-July 2009 recorded a minimum of 159 plant species with 48 species of trees. Out of these only two species are of gymnosperms; Pinus roxburghii and Pinus wallichiana. One species of trees, Pinus roxburghii is widely distributed. It is present in all communities, and can be found in different combinations with different other species. Both of these species have ethnobotanical value and are used by local population for different purposes.

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“Primitive” Wood Characters Are Adaptive: Examples From Paracryphiaceae, Sherwin Carlquist Jan 2018

“Primitive” Wood Characters Are Adaptive: Examples From Paracryphiaceae, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Why plants rich in plesiomorphic (“primitive”) features are alive today is a question that receives little comment. Apomorphies in angiosperms are often interpreted as valuable adaptations. However, both apomorphies and plesiomorphies can be keyed to ecological and physiological features. If a particular habitat remains little modified for long periods of geological time, plesiomorphic features should theoretically persist. The Bailey-Frost-Kribs correlations (usually between tracheary element length and character states in other wood features), deemed useful in their day, did not include adaptation to ecology, nor did they have the advantages that molecular-based phylogenies bring to us today. Montane cloud forests or …

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New Additions To The Flora Of San Nicolas Island, Ventura County, California, Benjamin E. Carter, William F. Hoyer Iii, Jonathan Dunn, C. Matt Guilliams Jan 2018

New Additions To The Flora Of San Nicolas Island, Ventura County, California, Benjamin E. Carter, William F. Hoyer Iii, Jonathan Dunn, C. Matt Guilliams

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Ongoing collecting efforts on San Nicolas Island have substantially increased the number of plant species documented from the island. Here we report thirty-one plants previously unrecorded from the island. The list includes six eudicots, one monocot, four liverworts and twenty mosses. Five of these species are understood to be introduced on San Nicolas and the remainder are believed to be native. The native vascular plants are Logfia filaginoides, Cistanthe maritima and Muhlenbergia microsperma. Of the twenty-four new bryophytes, one—Asterella bolanderi—is the first record from the Channel Islands. Specific ecological and locality information are provided for the …

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Contents 36(2) Jan 2018

Contents 36(2)

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

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