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Radio Transmitter Attachment For Chukars, Bartel T. Slaugh, Jerran T. Flinders, Jay A. Roberson, M. Ray Olson, N. Paul Johnston

Great Basin Naturalist

Thirty-seven Chukars (Alectoris chukar), fitted with conventional poncho-type radio transmitters, were released on Antelope Island in Utah's Great Salt Lake. Twenty-seven removed their radios, averaging three days after release. The remaining 10 died from predation (average 15 days). Twenty-two Chukars with pleated and six with harness ponchos were then released. Five of the pleated ponchos were removed (average four days), and 17 resulted in mortality (average two days). All six harness poncho-equipped birds were dead the following day. A consequential laboratory study comparing various attachment methods (conventional, pleated, harness, and "irreversible" flange poncho vs. bellystrap and wingstrap backpack) …

Winter Habitats And Foods Of Blue Grouse In The Sheeprock Mountains, Utah, Peter J. Perkins, Frederick G. Lindzey, Jay A. Roberson, Gregory Mcdaniel, Randy Berger

Great Basin Naturalist

Winter habitat use and food habits of Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) were studied in an isolated Utah desert mountain range that contained little typical Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) winter habitat. Habitat use was concentrated in the Douglas-fir and pinyon (Pinus edulis)–juniper (Juniperus spp.) habitat. Douglas-fir and pinyon pine were the most consumed foods. Other foods that represented >15% of the composition of an individual fecal sample were limber pine (Pinus flexilis), mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifoliu), juniper, and an Anteunaria–Cirsium type. The breadth in winter diet indicates that Blue Grouse may …

Changes In Mule Deer Size In Utah, Dennis D. Austin, Robert A. Riggs, Philip J. Urness, David L. Turner, John F. Kimball

Great Basin Naturalist

Trends in age-specific, eviscerated carcass weights were determined for hunter-harvested yearling and two-year-old buck mule deer. Carcass weights declined over an 11-year period from two areas of similar management, but with independenly collected data sets. Carcass weights also declined between the opening and second weekends of the hunt. Management implications are discussed.

Wood Anatomy Of Cercidium (Fabaceae), With Emphasis On Vessel Wall Sculpture, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for wood anatomy of the seven species of Cercidium (including two subspecies of C. floridum as well as the hybrid C. x sonorae) currently recognized. Data on wood of Parkinsonia are presented for purposes of comparison. Vessel walls of Cercidium show unusual sculpture: coarse excrescences termed verrucae here, crateriform pits, and grooves interconnecting pit apertures. These plus crystal distribution, presence of septa in fibers, pit diameter, presence of vasicentric tracheids, and presence of diagonal vessel aggregations are probably species distinctions to various degrees. The crystal-bearing fibers of Cercidium, some of which have …

Wood Anatomy Of Tasmannia, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for 11 collections of eight taxa. Diameter and length of tracheids are related to plant size, but populations in cooler locations have narrower and shorter tracheids than one would expect on the basis of plant size and age, and smaller tracheids are believed to be of selective value in these environments because of their resistance to embolisms. Vesturing is absent from tracheids in taxa from warmer localities but pronounced in colder places; this, too, is a probable mechanism for resistance to embolism formation. Helical thickenings are reported for one collection of T. insipida; …

Assessing The Utility Of Isozyme Number For Determining Ploidal Level, Loren H. Rieseberg, Douglas E. Soltis

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

In order to evaluate the utility of isozyme number for estimating ploidal level in ancient polyploid (paleopolyploid) plant species, isozyme number was determined for species of the putatively paleopolyploid genus Helianthus with n = 17, and compared with those of a species of Heliomeris with n = 8. Electrophoretic examination of 13 enzymes revealed the presence of nine duplicated isozymes in Helianthus annuus and Helianthus bolanderi and six duplicated isozymes in Heliomeris multiflora. Thus, there is little difference in isozyme number between ploidal levels. It is suggested that the lack of strong concordance between isozyme number and ploidal level …

Distribution Of Vessel Diameter In Ring-Porous Trees, D. W. Woodcock

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The wood anatomy of ring-porous trees presents difficulties of description and measurement. Information regarding the distribution of vessel diameters within the yearly growth increment may be of use of interpreting wood anatomy and function. Two distributional patterns can be recognized in the trunk xylem of the five ring-porous species investigated. The following terms are proposed: graduated-unimodal, to refer to ring-porous woods with one population of vessels, and graduated-bimodal, to refer to woods with two distinct peaks in vessel frequency.

Factors Limiting Sexual Reproduction In Platanus Wrightii In Southeastern Arizona, Jane H. Bock, Carl E. Bock

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii: Platanaceae) is a riparian tree of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. It is failing to reproduce in certain canyons where mature, seed-producing trees of this species occur. Three hypotheses were tested to explain this reproductive failure: I) the presence of domestic cattle prevents reproduction, 2) seeds produced in certain canyons are inviable, and 3) annual flash floods destroy seedlings and young saplings but not the large, mature trees.

Canyons, either grazed or ungrazed by domestic animals, were surveyed for the presence of seedlings and young trees. In the laboratory, seeds were tested …

Leaf Anatomy Of The Goetzeaceae, Scott Zona

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A comparative study of the leaf anatomy ofthree species of three genera of Goetzeaceae (Henoonia, Goetzea, and Espadaea) revealed a number of characteristics common to all genera, viz. anomocytic stomata, sinuous anticlinal epidermal walls, both glandular and uniseriate nonglandular trichomes, crystal sand and druses in the mesophyll (often in the same cell), and intraxylary phloem. The mid veins of these species exhibit secondary growth and parenchymatous rays. The unifying anatomical features of this family are, however, not uncommon in the Solanaceae. The results of this study support placement of the Goetzeaceae in or very near Solanaceae. …

Follar Flavonoids Of Keckiella Ternata, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The major foliar phenolics of Keckiella ternata are quercetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and acteoside (= orobanchin). The occurrence of flavonols in K. ternata is anomalous compared with other species of Keckiella and Penstemon, in which leaf flavonoids are based on luteolin and 6-hydroxyluteolin. The occurrence of foliar flavonols in K. ternata is interpreted as an advanced, derived condition.

Systematics Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae), John D. Bacon

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Lemmonia has been maintained as a monotypic genus, despite the fact that it is morphologically very similar to several species of Nama. The major basis for this separation resides in the reportedly coalescent filament bases of Lemmonia as contrasted with the distinct filaments of Nama. Examination of corollas of Lemmonia with the scanning electron microscope has revealed that the filaments of the taxon are distinct. There is, then, no qualitative basis upon which to found Lemmonia, and the taxon is transferred to Nama.

Wood Anatomy And Relationships Of Montinia, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented on wood anatomy of root, basal stem, and upper stem of Montinia caryophyllacea. Anatomy of twig wood of Kaliphora madagascariensis is compared with these results, as is the data of Ramamonjiarisoa (1980) on wood of the genus Grevea. Features common to the three genera in wood as well as other portions of the plant are reviewed; these are consistent with the interpretation that Montinia and Kaliphora are very close to each other, despite previous positions of the two genera in Saxifragaceae and Comaceae, respectively. Grevea, although more distant from Montinia than …

Photosynthesis Of Arid And Subtropical Succulent Plants, Irwin P. Ting

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The hypothesis of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is that it is a physiological adaptation to arid or otherwise dry habitats. Stomata are closed during the day and open at night when the evaporative demand is low. Thus exogenous CO₂ is fixed at night with relatively little water loss. CAM is typically found in succulents occurring in desert and dry Mediterranean regions, but not in the cold deserts of Asia. Recently, it has become known that many arid tropical succulent plants are CAM as well, particularly those growing epiphytically. The vegetation of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, ranges from desertlike …

The Development Of An Efficient Lupin Harvesting Front, E D. Blanchard

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Harvest losses represent a significant reduction in lupin production and farm productivity.

Since 1984, the Department's Farm Machinery Research and Liaison Unit at the Dryland Research Institute has studied the lupin harvesting operation to improve its mechanical efficiency. An experimental and a prototype harvesting front were built and tested in the field. Guidlines for efficient lupin harvesting were produced, and commercial modifications developed.

In Vitro Culture Of Several Rice Cultivars, A. F. Mirlohi, Lyell F. Thompson, R. H. Dilday, Feng H. Huang, Jameel M. Al-Khayri

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Tissue culture methods have been established to regenerate certain rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars, but regeneration of the rice cultivars widely grown in Arkansas has not been reported. This study has established an in vitroculture for the rice cultivars 'Nortai', 'Starbonnet', 'Mars', Tebonnet', 'Newbonnet', and 'Lemont'. Callus was induced in the dark at either 20 or 28 C from dehusked seeds cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing 40 g L^-1 sucrose, 10 g L^1 agar, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg L^-1 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and adjusted to pH 5.7. After four weeks the …

Characterization Of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Roots Versus Root Pulling Resistance As Selection Indices For Draught Tolerance, Mazo Price, R. H. Dilday, Arthur L. Allen

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A technique described as Root Pulling Resistance (RPR) was used to evaluate genotypic differences in root growth and development of 50 rice germplasm accessions and cultivars. Several root characteristics in rice are associated with drought tolerance and avoidance capability of plants. The RPR measurements showed a significant positive correlation with maximum root length (r=0.69), root thickness (r=0.75), branching number (r=0.75), and root dry weight (r= 0.82). Rice genotypes that had a high RPR value were identified as having longer, thicker, and denser root systems. The data indicated that high RPR measurements are strongly correlated with greater root penetration. Munji Sufaid …

Rediscovery Of Halesia Diptera Ellis (Styracaceae) In Arkansas, Raymond G. Erickson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Breeding Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, John Sylvester Gladstones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The release of Gungurru and Yorrel lupins marks the coming of age of the narrow-leafed lupin as a crop plantt. These are the first cultivars of the species th have substantial resistance to Phomopsis stem blight, which will make the stubbles much safer for grazing stock.

This article describes the new lupins, their background, and how they were bred. It also acknowledges the contributions of colleagues who helped in important ways.

Breeding Field Peas In Western Australia, T N. Khan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Field peas have grown dramatically in popularity in western Australia in the past five years, with the planted area increasing from a mere few hundred hectares to about 70,000 ha in 1988. This growth may continue, as more than 700,000 ha of agricultural land is potentially suitable for growing field peas.

However, any such growth of the pea industry will require new cultivars with improved yield, adaptation and quality characteristics to meet local and export demands. The Department of agriculture therefore decided to start a selection and breeding programme to support the pea industry.

Biological Control Of Paterson's Curse, John Dodd, Bill Woods

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The long- delayed biological control programme for the weed Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) has begun with the release of the leaf mining moth (Dialectica scalariella)' an insect slightly bigger than a mosquito. Yhe caterpillar stage of the moth feeds inside the leaves, producing tunnels and chambers which damage the leaf.

The leaf mining moth has already become established in suitable areas. Although the familiar purple haze of Paterson's curse will continue to be seen for years to come, we expect that the leaf mining moth - and other agents yet to be released - will make it a more manageable …

The Queensland Fruit Fly Eradication Campaign, G P. Ayling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia has started an extensive eradication campaign against the Queensland fruit fly, one of the worst horticultural pests in the world.

The programme, the largest of its kind in Australia, and one of the biggest in the world, involves the integration of three tequniques for fruit fly control: lure trapping, protien baiting and the release of sterile male flies.

Control Take-All And Gain Other Benefits Of Eliminating Grass From Ley Pastures By Chemical Manipulation, W J. Macleod, Gordon Macnish

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Take-all is the most serious root disease of wheat and barley in Western Australia.

The fungus which causes take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici) is wide spread throughout the wheatbelt but is most common in the high and medium rainfall regions (400mm to 750mm average annual rainfall, see map).

Elsewhere in the wheatbelt the presence of take-all affected cereal plants and the loss of crop yield may go unnoticed unless the roots of cereal plants are examined in detail.

Land Capability And Land Use In The Leeuwin-Naturaliste Region, Peter John Tille, Neil Lantzke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Leeuwin-Naturaliste region is one of Western Australia's most beautiful areas. Located in the far south-west corner of the State, it is a popular scenis and tourist spot, as well as supporting grazing, horticultureal and viticultural enterprises.

Outside of perth the region is the most popular tourist destination in the state. It is also responsible for about a quarter of the State's milk production, and 15 percent of the state's potato production and a quarter of the State's wine grapes.

Many new agricultural enterprises have opened up in the past 15 years, and the population has increased by almost 40 …

Taxonomy And Natural History Of Hydnora (Hydnoraceae), Lytton J. Musselman, Johann H. Visser

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Hydnora is a genus of subterranean holoparasitic herbs found in arid and semiarid regions of Africa, Madagascar, and the southwestern part of the Arabian peninsula. Results from field and herbarium studies suggest the genus consists of four or five species, although more than 12 have been described. The recent rediscovery of H. triceps, a plant that had remained uncollected for a century, supports the need for additional field work. Taxonomic research has been impeded by a paucity of collections, which are often fragmentary in nature and poorly preserved. Supraspecific classification, species complexes, floral biology, and uses are discussed.

Taxonomy And Morphology Of Aporomyces (Laboulbeniales), Richard K. Benjamin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Thaxter's original circumscription of Aporomyces (Laboulbeniales) is emended in this study of the eight known species of the genus, three of them new: A. byrrhini, A. lutrochi, and A. physemi. The new species, as well as A. subulatus, A. szaboi, A. trinitatis, and A. uniflagellatus (type), are dioecious and occur on beetles belonging to the Limnichidae (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea). The eighth species, A. perpusillus, appears to be monoecious and occurs on Staphylinidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea). All taxa are described and illustrated with line drawings and/or photographs. Aspects of thalloid structure and development are summarized. Aporomyces …

Allozyme Variation In Hellianthus Praecox Ssp. Hirtus, A Rare Sunflower From Southern Texas, Loren H. Reiseberg, Michael F. Doyle

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Allozyme data were used to evaluate the genetic status of a rare endemic sunflower from Texas, Helianthus praecox ssp. hirtus. Comprising approximately 200 plants, the taxon is presently known from a single population in the Carrizo Springs region of Southern Texas. Electrophoretic examination of 17 enzyme loci revealed that ssp. hirtus is genetically similar to, but distinct from, the two more widespread subspecies of H. praecox: ssp. praecox and ssp. runyonii. Levels of genetic variation in the single population of ssp. hirtus (P = 0.4 7, A = 1.88, and H = 0.17) are similar to those …

Survey Of The Endogonaceae In Minnesota With Synoptic Keys To Genera And Species, F. L. Pfleger, Elwin L. Stewart

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Sixteen species in the Endogonaceae (Zygomycotina) were identified from 22 different plant species from a native prairie, an intensively cultivated vegetable field, a reclaimed iron ore tailings basin, an undisturbed site adjacent to the iron ore tailings basin, and from a Pinus resinosa plantation. Seven species of Endogonaceae identified in this study are new records for Minnesota. Synoptic keys to genera and species are presented.

Economic Impact Of Growing Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, J M. Warren, Jeremy Allen, Wallace Cowling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The planting of Phomopsis-resistant lupins will increase net farm income. They will also alter the traditional blend of pastures and cropping, depending on grain and wool prices. In mixed farming areas of Western Australia's southern wheatbelt, they will allow more land to be sown to lupins rather than cereals on farms in which the lack of sheep feed over summer severely restricts wool production.

The benefits of Phompsis-resistant lupins arise from a reduction in sheep deaths due to lupinosis, a longer safe grazing period (free from lupinosis) on lupin stubbles, a decrease in the need for supplementary sheep feed over …

Erosion Potential Of Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, D J. Carter, Paul Findlater

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

During lupin harvesting, up to 20 per cent of the grain remains on the ground. This non-harvested or pilt grain is a valuable feed for sheep during early summer because the pods, leaf and stem generally provide little nutrient in the stubnbles. In addition, the more efficient the weed control, the less valuable are the stubbles.

The disease lupinosis caused by Phomopsis leptostromiformis restricts the amount of grazing from the lupin stubbles, and hence the risk of wind-erosion of stubble paddocks.

However, the introduction of lupin varieties moderately resistant to Phomopsis and with reduced potential to cause lupinosis means that …

The Effect On Farm Profit Of Conserving Stubble To Prevent Wind Erosion, A D. Bathgate

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over-grazing of stubbles is a major cause of winf erosion on WesternAustralian farms. Stubble contributes to the 'roughness' of the paddock; as the roughness is reduced, the risk of winf erosion is increased.

The risk of lupinosis in sheep has previously reduced the likelihood of lupin stubble being over grazed, but the development of Gungurru, a phomopsis-resistent variety of lupin, has increased the potential for over-grazing and hence the probability of wind erosion.

This article describes the economic benefit (or cost) of conserving stubble at the conservation standards.