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Responses Of Extreme Discharge To Changes In Surface-Air And Dewpoint Temperatures In Utah: Seasonality And Mechanisms, Timothy E. Wright, Jacob Stuivenvolt-Allen, Grace Affram, Nahid A. Hasan, Cody Ratterman, Wei Zhang
Responses Of Extreme Discharge To Changes In Surface-Air And Dewpoint Temperatures In Utah: Seasonality And Mechanisms, Timothy E. Wright, Jacob Stuivenvolt-Allen, Grace Affram, Nahid A. Hasan, Cody Ratterman, Wei Zhang
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
The changes in stream discharge extremes due to temperature and seasonality are key metrics in assessing the effects of climate change on the hydrological cycle. While scaling is commonly applied to temperature and precipitation due to the physical connections between temperature and moisture (i.e., Clausius–Clapeyron), the scaling rate of stream discharge extremes to air and dewpoint temperatures has not been evaluated. To address this challenge, we assess the scaling rates between stream discharge and air temperature and between stream discharge and dewpoint temperature in Utah using a well-designed statistical framework. While there are deviations from the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relationship in …
Trends And Controls On Water-Use Efficiency Of An Old-Growth Coniferous Forest In The Pacific Northwest, Yueyang Jiang, Christopher J. Still, Bharat Rastogi, Gerald F. M. Page, Sonia Wharton, Frederick C. Meinzer, Steve Voelker, John B. Kim
Trends And Controls On Water-Use Efficiency Of An Old-Growth Coniferous Forest In The Pacific Northwest, Yueyang Jiang, Christopher J. Still, Bharat Rastogi, Gerald F. M. Page, Sonia Wharton, Frederick C. Meinzer, Steve Voelker, John B. Kim
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
At the ecosystem scale, water-use efficiency (WUE) is defined broadly as the ratio of carbon assimilated to water evaporated by an ecosystem. WUE is an important aspect of carbon and water cycling and has been used to assess forest ecosystem responses to climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This study investigates the influence of meteorological and radiation variables on forest WUE by analyzing an 18 year (1998–2015) half-hourly time series of carbon and water fluxes measured with the eddy covariance technique in an old-growth conifer forest in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Three different metrics of WUE exhibit an …
Concurrent Increases In Wet And Dry Extremes Projected In Texas And Combined Effects On Groundwater, Jin-Ho Yoon, S-Y Simon Wang, Min-Hui Lo, Wen-Ying Wu
Concurrent Increases In Wet And Dry Extremes Projected In Texas And Combined Effects On Groundwater, Jin-Ho Yoon, S-Y Simon Wang, Min-Hui Lo, Wen-Ying Wu
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
The US state of Texas has experienced consecutive flooding events since spring 2015 with devastating consequences, yet these happened only a few years after the record drought of 2011. Identifying the effect of climate variability on regional water cycle extremes, such as the predicted occurrence of La Nina in winter 2017–2018 and its association with drought in Texas, remains a challenge. The present analyses use large-ensemble simulations to project the future of water cycle extremes in Texas and assess their connection with the changing El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection under global warming. Large-ensemble simulations indicate that both intense drought and …
Experimental Evidence For Drought Induced Alternative Stable States Of Soil Moisture, David A. Robinson, Scott B. Jones, Inma Lebron, Sabine Reinsch, Maria T. Dominguez, Andrew R. Smith, Davey L. Jones, Miles R. Marshall, Bridget A. Emmett
Experimental Evidence For Drought Induced Alternative Stable States Of Soil Moisture, David A. Robinson, Scott B. Jones, Inma Lebron, Sabine Reinsch, Maria T. Dominguez, Andrew R. Smith, Davey L. Jones, Miles R. Marshall, Bridget A. Emmett
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Ecosystems may exhibit alternative stable states (ASS) in response to environmental change. Modelling and observational data broadly support the theory of ASS, however evidence from manipulation experiments supporting this theory is limited. Here, we provide long-term manipulation and observation data supporting the existence of drought induced alternative stable soil moisture states (irreversible soil wetting) in upland Atlantic heath, dominated by Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Manipulated repeated moderate summer drought, and intense natural summer drought both lowered resilience resulting in shifts in soil moisture dynamics. The repeated moderate summer drought decreased winter soil moisture retention by ∼10%. However, intense summer drought, …
Dzuds, Droughts, And Livestock Mortality In Mongolia, Mukund Palat Rao, Nicole K. Davi, Rosanne D. D'Arrigo, Jerry Skees, Baatarbileg Nachin, Caroline Leland, Bradfield Lyon, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, Oyunsanaa Byambasuren
Dzuds, Droughts, And Livestock Mortality In Mongolia, Mukund Palat Rao, Nicole K. Davi, Rosanne D. D'Arrigo, Jerry Skees, Baatarbileg Nachin, Caroline Leland, Bradfield Lyon, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, Oyunsanaa Byambasuren
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Recent incidences of mass livestock mortality, known as dzud, have called into question the sustainability of pastoral nomadic herding, the cornerstone of Mongolian culture. A total of 20 million head of livestock perished in the mortality events of 2000–2002, and 2009–2010. To mitigate the effects of such events on the lives of herders, international agencies such as the World Bank are taking increasing interest in developing tailored market-based solutions like index-insurance. Their ultimate success depends on understanding the historical context and underlying causes of mortality. In this paper we examine mortality in 21 Mongolian aimags (provinces) between 1955 and 2013 …
Response Of Stomatal Density And Bound Gas Exchange In Leaves Of Maize To Soil Water Deficit, Wensai Zhao, Yonglin Sun, Roger Kjelgren, Xiping Liu
Response Of Stomatal Density And Bound Gas Exchange In Leaves Of Maize To Soil Water Deficit, Wensai Zhao, Yonglin Sun, Roger Kjelgren, Xiping Liu
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Stomatal behavior in response to drought has been the focus of intensive research, but less attention has been paid to stomatal density. In this study, 5-week-old maize seedlings were exposed to different soil water contents. Stomatal density and size as well as leaf gas exchange were investigated after 2-, 4- and 6-weeks of treatment, which corresponded to the jointing, trumpeting, and filling stages of maize development. Results showed that new stomata were generated continually during leaf growth. Reduced soil water content significantly stimulated stomatal generation, resulting in a significant increase in stomatal density but a decrease in stomatal size and …