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Commercial Mycorrhizal Inoculation Of Non-Sterile Field Soil Does Not Enhance Colonization Or Reduce Nitrate Leaching, Madelyn Schoenberger
Commercial Mycorrhizal Inoculation Of Non-Sterile Field Soil Does Not Enhance Colonization Or Reduce Nitrate Leaching, Madelyn Schoenberger
Student Research, Papers, and Creative Works
A short-term microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate whether inoculation of corn plants with commercial mycorrhizal fungus can reduce nitrate leaching from soil. Nitrate leaching presents issues for agricultural yields and crop nutrition as well as for nutrient cycling and ecological stability. Mycorrhizal fungi form a mutually beneficial symbiosis with most terrestrial plants wherein the fungus provides nutrients for the plant and receives organic compounds in return. This symbiosis can increase plant nutrient uptake from soil and may be useful for ecological remediation of nitrogen pollution.
Increased Light Exposure Decreases Lichen Abundance On Linden Trees In The Prairie Grassland Biome Of West Central Minnesota, Cameron Berthiaume, Sanjana Kidambi, Madelyn Schoenberger
Increased Light Exposure Decreases Lichen Abundance On Linden Trees In The Prairie Grassland Biome Of West Central Minnesota, Cameron Berthiaume, Sanjana Kidambi, Madelyn Schoenberger
Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal
Percent lichen cover on the four cardinal faces of linden trees on the University of Minnesota Morris campus was recorded in order to determine if lichen abundance is linked to the varying levels of sunlight each cardinal face receives.
Current And Past Prairie Reconstruction Approaches, Sophie Wieland
Current And Past Prairie Reconstruction Approaches, Sophie Wieland
Honors Capstone Projects
This project was concerned with prairie reconstruction - that is, lands that have been seeded and are being managed to emulate a prairie ecosystem. The first section is a literature review on how prairie reconstruction arose. In the second component, data on plant species in local reconstructed prairies collected for the Prairie Reconstruction Initiative by the Morris Wetland Management District were summarized. The new monitoring framework is evaluated, as is the condition of the selected reconstructions, including the success of planted species and encroachment of non-native species.
The Effects Of Environmental Stress On Arabidopsis Thaliana Establishment And Development, Paige Petty
The Effects Of Environmental Stress On Arabidopsis Thaliana Establishment And Development, Paige Petty
Student Research, Papers, and Creative Works
Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism for plant research because it grows quickly, is easy to maintain, and findings from Arabidopsis can be easily extrapolated to crop species such as tomato, soybean, corn, and sorghum. Of particular interest is the process of photomorphogenesis, which promotes seedling establishment in soil. A rise in temperature causes stress for the seedling, which can inhibit photomorphogenesis and cause elongated hypocotyls that grow regardless of light intensity. Drought can also affect the rate of photosynthesis and limit seedling growth. In this project, we explored how the adult Arabidopsis plant is affected by delayed seedling establishment …
Leaf Litter Decomposition In The Pomme De Terre River, Lily Fulton
Leaf Litter Decomposition In The Pomme De Terre River, Lily Fulton
Undergraduate Research Symposium 2018
We studied the role of riverbank plant leaves as habitat and food for macroinvertebrates in the Pomme de Terre River. Our objectives were to characterize tree cover along the riverbank using GIS, the decomposition of leaves of 4 native and invasive plant species, and the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates colonizing experimental leaf packs. Leaf packs contained boxelder, cottonwood, buckthorn or cattail leaves. Leaves were dried, put into mesh bags and attached to submerged logs in the river. Paper punchers were used to take leaf samples. Tree cover varied among counties. Macroinvertebrate abundance differed significantly between leaf species (ANOVA, p= …
Impact Of Fertilizer, Corn Residue, And Cover Crops On Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential And Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations, Rachel Brockamp
Impact Of Fertilizer, Corn Residue, And Cover Crops On Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential And Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations, Rachel Brockamp
Undergraduate Research Symposium 2017
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can associate with roots of most land plants, helping to take up water and nutrients. Intensive agricultural practices like fallow treatments and adding inorganic nutrients reduce soil AMF. The purpose of my research was to examine whether three factors influenced AMF-crop associations: 1) fertilizer type and application rate 2) inclusion of cover crops that do or do not associate with AMF, and 3) impacts of corn residue. Soil Mycorrhizal Inoculum Potential (MIP) was measured to test treatment differences. MIP is the ability for soil AMF to infect roots. Roots grown in soil from the different treatments …
Transcription Through The Eye Of A Needle: Daily And Annual Cyclic Gene Expression Variation In Douglas-Fir Needles, Peter Dolan
Transcription Through The Eye Of A Needle: Daily And Annual Cyclic Gene Expression Variation In Douglas-Fir Needles, Peter Dolan
Computer Science Publications
Background: Perennial growth in plants is the product of interdependent cycles of daily and annual stimuli that induce cycles of growth and dormancy. In conifers, needles are the key perennial organ that integrates daily and seasonal signals from light, temperature, and water availability. To understand the relationship between seasonal cycles and seasonal gene expression responses in conifers, we examined diurnal and circannual needle mRNA accumulation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) needles at diurnal and circannual scales. Using mRNA sequencing, we sampled 6.1 × 109 reads from 19 trees and constructed a de novo pan-transcriptome reference that includes 173,882 tree-derived transcripts. Using …
Freshwater Silica-Scaled Heterotrophic Protista: Heliozoa, Thaumatomonad Flagellates, Amoebae, And Bicosoecids, From The Lake Itasca Region, Minnesota, Daniel E. Wujek
Freshwater Silica-Scaled Heterotrophic Protista: Heliozoa, Thaumatomonad Flagellates, Amoebae, And Bicosoecids, From The Lake Itasca Region, Minnesota, Daniel E. Wujek
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Forty-nine plankton samples were collected from the Lake Itasca Region, Minnesota over a period sporadically covering the summers of 1980, 1981 and 1987. A total of 22 freshwater heterotrophic siliceous-scaled species were observed: 18 heliozoa, two thaumatomonad flagellates, one bicosoecid, and one testate amoeba. Scale identifications were based on transmission electron microscopy. New records for North America include two heliozoans and one thaumatomonad flagellate. Five heliozoa taxa and one thaumatomonad flagellate are new records for the U.S. Wujek DE. Freshwater silica-scaled heterotrophic protista: heliozoa, thaumatomonad flagellates, amoebae, and bicosoecids, from the Lake Itasca Region, Minnesota.
Screening Pinus Sylvestris Grown For The Production Of Christmas Trees For Resistance To Western Gall Rust Peridermium Harknessii Using Different Sources Of Aeciospores, Todd A. Burnes, Jennifer Juzwik, Robert A. Blanchette
Screening Pinus Sylvestris Grown For The Production Of Christmas Trees For Resistance To Western Gall Rust Peridermium Harknessii Using Different Sources Of Aeciospores, Todd A. Burnes, Jennifer Juzwik, Robert A. Blanchette
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Results showed a moderate to high susceptibility of Pinus sylvestris to western gall rust Peridermium harknessii from Pinus sylvestris in Michigan and Pinus banksiana in Minnesota. In general, Pinus sylvestris seed sources were more susceptible to aeciospores collected from Pinus sylvestris than aeciospores collected from Pinus banksiana.
Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Opuntia Fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. (Cactaceae) In Stearns County, Minnesota, Eric Ribbens, Jeremy Myrom
Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Opuntia Fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. (Cactaceae) In Stearns County, Minnesota, Eric Ribbens, Jeremy Myrom
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
We surveyed the distribution of Opuntia fragilis ( Nutt.) Haw. in Steam County, MN, where it is restricted to a few rock outcrops. To compare the populations within three sites, we mapped clusters of pads and measured each individual pad within each cluster. Pads tended to be located in a narrow band of shallow soil between the bare rock and the angiosperm-dominated plant communities growing on adjacent deeper soils. Significant differences existed between the three populations in pad widths, average pad cluster sizes, and pad appearances. Although several pads flowered, none of the flower set seed, indicating that persistence of …
Peltandra Virginica (L.) Schott & Endl. (Arrow Arum), A New Species And Genus For Minnesota, Charles Argue
Peltandra Virginica (L.) Schott & Endl. (Arrow Arum), A New Species And Genus For Minnesota, Charles Argue
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Peltandra virginica is reported as a new addition to the flora of Minnesota. Found in Cook County in the northeasternmost part of the state, it is separated by about 400 km from the closest previously reported location for this species on Michigan's upper peninsula.
Direct Conversion Of Waste Paper To Valued Foodstuff: Growth Of The Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus) On Old Newspaper, Elmer L. Schmidt
Direct Conversion Of Waste Paper To Valued Foodstuff: Growth Of The Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus) On Old Newspaper, Elmer L. Schmidt
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Waste papers, such as newsprint not recycled for fiber recovery, may provide benefits such as production of valued mushrooms during their biological decomposition in low input simple technology systems. The edible gourmet mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus was grown on a newspaper substrate with small additions of spawn and wood chips. Prior sterilization of the paper was not required in successful outdoor incubation of inoculated bales. Heavy metal content of mushrooms from paper was similar to that found in commercial oyster mushrooms purchased at a local market
Additions And Corrections To The Rust Fungus Flora Of Minnesota, John W. Mccain
Additions And Corrections To The Rust Fungus Flora Of Minnesota, John W. Mccain
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Ten taxa of rust fungi (Coleosporium campanulae, Puccinia amphigena, P. caulicola, P.longipes var. brevipes, P. mcclatchieana, P. magnusiana, P.punctata var. troglodytes, Tranzschelia arthurii, Uromyces dictyosperma, and U. plumbarius) are reported for the first time from Minnesota. Seven other rust species (Puccinia adoxae, P. distichlidis, P. interoeniens, P. pygmaea, P. typhae, Uromyces andropogonis, and U. geranit) should be removed from the state flora list. Puccinia typhaealso is excluded from the U.S. rust flora list. New Minnesota host plants are reported for fifteen rust pathogens. One host species is deleted for P. polygoniamphibii. Intrastate 200-mile range extensions are reported for four rust …
Dominance Relationships Of Cycloheximide-Resistant Mutants Of Schizophyllum Commune Fr., Marjorie Meier Eerdmans, Sally A. Amundson, Todd A. Reinhart, Keith K. Klein
Dominance Relationships Of Cycloheximide-Resistant Mutants Of Schizophyllum Commune Fr., Marjorie Meier Eerdmans, Sally A. Amundson, Todd A. Reinhart, Keith K. Klein
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
We have isolated several mutants of Schizophyllum commune Fr. able to grow on media containing cycloheximide in concentrations up to 30 mg/L. Genetic analyses of the resistant phenotypes show them to be due to the action of a single gene located on the first linkage group between the A-mating type factor and a gene for an adenine requirement (ade-ll). We have analyzed the growth and development of dikaryons made homoallelic for either the resistant or sensitive alleles as well as the heteroallelic dikaryon. These dikaryons showed different abilities to fruit when placed on media containing various concentrations of cycloheximide. Homoallelic …
Survey Of The Endogonaceae In Minnesota With Synoptic Keys To Genera And Species, F. L. Pfleger, Elwin L. Stewart
Survey Of The Endogonaceae In Minnesota With Synoptic Keys To Genera And Species, F. L. Pfleger, Elwin L. Stewart
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Sixteen species in the Endogonaceae (Zygomycotina) were identified from 22 different plant species from a native prairie, an intensively cultivated vegetable field, a reclaimed iron ore tailings basin, an undisturbed site adjacent to the iron ore tailings basin, and from a Pinus resinosa plantation. Seven species of Endogonaceae identified in this study are new records for Minnesota. Synoptic keys to genera and species are presented.
The Synoptic Key: Cercospora And Allied Genera, Elwin L. Stewart, F. L. Phleger
The Synoptic Key: Cercospora And Allied Genera, Elwin L. Stewart, F. L. Phleger
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
The advantages and disadvantages of the synoptic key are discussed and a synoptic key to Cercospora and 15 allied genera is presented.
Pollen Morphology Of The New Species Mimulus Shevockii And A Possibly Related Species, M. Barbatus (Scrophulariaceae), Charles L. Argue
Pollen Morphology Of The New Species Mimulus Shevockii And A Possibly Related Species, M. Barbatus (Scrophulariaceae), Charles L. Argue
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
The pollen grains of Mimulus shevockii and M barbatus have three long, equally spaced, meridionally oriented apertures with transversely ruptured membranes, and the pollen walls are microreticulate with smooth muri. The pollen evidence (pollen size and shape, rupturing pattern and ornamentation of the aperture membrane, size and spacing of lumina, and ornamentation of muri) is applied to comparisons between the pollen of M shevockii and that of other species in section Paradanthus. These data are consistent with a proposed relationship between M shevockii and M barbatus of the M rubellus/M palmeri group.
A Survey Of The Vascular Plants Of Norway Dunes, Janet Boe
A Survey Of The Vascular Plants Of Norway Dunes, Janet Boe
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Norway Dunes, a 320-acre preserve located in Kittson County, Minnesota, and owned by The Nature Conservancy, is named for the parabolic sand dunes found within its boundaries. These dunes are covered with oak sand savanna, a natural community that is threatened in Minnesota. This oak sand savanna harbors four plant species that are also threatened or of special concern in the state. A deciduous forest and four types of wetlands are other natural communities on the preserve. During a vascular plant survey of the tract, 207 species were collected. Some of these species represent range extensions within the state.
Additions And Confirmations To The Algal Flora Of Itasca State Park I. Desmids And Diatoms From North Deming Pond, Huan Ngo, Gerald W. Prescott, David B. Czarnecki
Additions And Confirmations To The Algal Flora Of Itasca State Park I. Desmids And Diatoms From North Deming Pond, Huan Ngo, Gerald W. Prescott, David B. Czarnecki
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
The summer desmid and diatom flora of North Deming Pond in lake Itasca State Park is presented. One hundred sixty desmid taxa representing 23 genera are recorded. Of these, 15 taxa appear to be park records and 82 are apparently Minnesota records. The desmid genera, Closterium, Cosmarium, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Pleurotaenium, and Staurastrum display the most taxa. The 136 diatom taxa recorded represent 27 genera. More than half of the taxa are assignable to the genera Eunotia, Navicula, Neidium, and Pinnularia. Given the brief and cursory nature of this study, the taxomic representation of these algae indicates high species richness and …
Range Extensions For Orchis Spectabilis, Corallorhiza Trifida, And C. Striata In Minnesota, Charles I. Argue
Range Extensions For Orchis Spectabilis, Corallorhiza Trifida, And C. Striata In Minnesota, Charles I. Argue
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
The Showy Orchis, the Striped Coral-root, and the Early Coral-root are reported as new additions to the orchid flora of Otter Tail County. The records for the first two species provide notable range extensions within Minnesota and represent, respectively, the most northern and southwestern localities thus far recorded for these species in the state
Growth And Mortality Of Shoots In Three Populations Of Typha Glauca Godr., John Michael Penko, Douglas C. Pratt
Growth And Mortality Of Shoots In Three Populations Of Typha Glauca Godr., John Michael Penko, Douglas C. Pratt
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
A double sampling technique and permanent quadrats were used to monitor seasonal changes in shoot density and aboveground standing crop in three Minnesota Typha glauca populations. Shoot growth began several weeks later in stands located in floating mats (Boot Lake and Cedar Creek) relative to a nonfloating stand (Lauderdale). Mortality reduced shoot density by 10.8% at Boot Lake, 6.3% at Cedar Creek, and by 53% at Lauderdale. Shoot death was largely confined to smaller than average shoots at Boot Lake and Cedar Creek. At Lauderdale many relatively large shoots were killed by a lepidopteran stem borer (Archanara oblonga Grt.) or …
Frontiers In Plant Science: Transcripts From A Symposium Sponsored By The Minnesota Academy Of Sciences, Gretchen Hagen, David D. Biesboer
Frontiers In Plant Science: Transcripts From A Symposium Sponsored By The Minnesota Academy Of Sciences, Gretchen Hagen, David D. Biesboer
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Fungicides For Control Of Pythium Ultimum On Greenhouse-Grown Geraniums, Nancy L. Olson, F. L. Phleger
Fungicides For Control Of Pythium Ultimum On Greenhouse-Grown Geraniums, Nancy L. Olson, F. L. Phleger
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Subdue 2E applied by drench at 18.7 ppm to soil inoculated with Pythium ultimum and in which rooted cuttings of geranium had been planted, was found to be free of the fungus during the test period of 30 days and caused no injury to the plants. Banrot 40W at 240 ppm and Truban 25E at 145 ppm were only slightly fungistatic.
Ultrastructure Of Flagellated Chrysophytes. Iv. Chrysosphaerella, Daniel E. Wujek
Ultrastructure Of Flagellated Chrysophytes. Iv. Chrysosphaerella, Daniel E. Wujek
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Information on the fine structure of naturally occurring cells of Chrysosphaerella brevispina and C. longispina is given and some new data are presented. The ultrastructure is generally typical for the Chrysophyceae although both perinuclear cisternae and cytoplasmic endobiotic bacteria occur. A paraflagella rod occurs in the photoreceptor area of the short, second flagellum. Siliceous scale and bristle origin are illustrated.
Lentinus Edodes Colonization Of Oak Is Enhanced By Log Treatment With Methyl Bromide, Elmer L. Schmidt
Lentinus Edodes Colonization Of Oak Is Enhanced By Log Treatment With Methyl Bromide, Elmer L. Schmidt
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Two or more years of outdoor incubation of inoculated oak logs are required before shiitake (Lentinus edodes [Berk.] Sing.) mushrooms appear; methods to accelerate the rate of oak sapwood colonization should reduce this incubation period. Observed increased mold growth of oak sapwood fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) prompted an experiment to determine whether such treatment would enhance oak colonization by L. edodes. Red and bur oak bolts ( 1 m long) were inoculated three weeks after felling. Half of the bolts were fumigated with MB ( 100 g per m3 of space beneath a plastic tarp) for three days, then …
Stomatal Density In Leaves Of Various Xerophytes: A Preliminary Study, David W. Strobel, Marshall D. Sundberg
Stomatal Density In Leaves Of Various Xerophytes: A Preliminary Study, David W. Strobel, Marshall D. Sundberg
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Recent general botany and plant anatomy textbooks state that stomatal density of xerophytic leaves is higher than that found in leaves of mesophytes. In contrast, previous textbooks indicate that stomatal density in xerophyte leaves is reduced. The purpose of this study is to examine the leaves of succulent and non-succulent xerophytes to determine if opposite trends in stomatal density correlate with the xeromorphic strategy employed. The species examined were the succulents Crassula argentea, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, K. diagremontiana, K. tubiflorum, and the non-succulents Nerium oleander, Ammophila breviligulata, and Ficus elastica. Stomatal densities of succulents were determined directly from epidermal peels. Stomatal …
Vascular Plants, Excluding Island Sites, Of Lake Of The Woods County, Minnesota, Janet Boe
Vascular Plants, Excluding Island Sites, Of Lake Of The Woods County, Minnesota, Janet Boe
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
It is likely that almost 150 newly-recorded items were collected and identified during a study of the vascular flora of Lake of the Woods county on Minnesota's northern border with Canada. This collection apparently extended the known range of a number of plants within the state and also noted sites of several plants of which there are only a few collections in Minnesota The study was conducted as part of the author's Master of Science degree program at the University of Minnesota.
Catalase Activity In Crown Galls, Helianthus Annuus, Mark C. Bildsoe
Catalase Activity In Crown Galls, Helianthus Annuus, Mark C. Bildsoe
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Crown gall is a neoplastic disease in plants initiated by a specific bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The objective of this investigation was to describe quantitatively the relationship between the autonomous growth of crown galls and the activity of the metabolic enzyme catalase. The catalase bioassay revealed a substantial increase In the amount of catalase present in tumor tissues as compared to corresponding healthy tissues in Helianthus annuus. Observations concerning growth activity of the two tissues indicated a significant growth increase in the crown galls.
Introduced Annual Eriogonum In Minnesota, Charles L. Argue, Steven R. Argue
Introduced Annual Eriogonum In Minnesota, Charles L. Argue, Steven R. Argue
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
A selected summary of the utility of data derived from the recording and analysis of immigrant plant species is considered in relation to an apparently Introduced Minnesota population of Eriogonum annuum Nutt., the Annual Eriogonum. Fruiting specimens and one flowering-specimen of this species, heretofore reported on xeric sites from the western Dakotas, Montana, and Wyoming south into Mexico, were collected October 13, 1982, on the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge near Zimmerman, Minnesota, and represent the first records of an Eriogonum in this state.
The Bell Natural History Museum, An Aid To Teaching Botany, Harold W. Hansen
The Bell Natural History Museum, An Aid To Teaching Botany, Harold W. Hansen
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Much of the regular academic year does not lend itself to observation of plants in their natural habitat outdoors. The museum exhibits can serve as study aids in the off season, although they should not be utilized as substitutes for field work. This study systematized some materials available for class use. Museum files, display legends, and original observations were used. From the Bell Museum of Natural History, 112 exhibits were listed and coded for location; 384 specimens, of 247 species were listed from individual displays; a massed alphabetized species index was prepared. The exhibit "Maple-Basswood Forest" was studied in detail; …