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Recovering Lost Exposure From The Majorana Demonstrator And Testing Data Selection Assumptions, Thomas Lannen Oct 2023

Recovering Lost Exposure From The Majorana Demonstrator And Testing Data Selection Assumptions, Thomas Lannen

Theses and Dissertations

The Majorana Demonstrator recently concluded its search for neutrinoless double beta decay using an array of up to 40.4kg of germanium detectors, 27kg of which were enriched in 76Ge and housed inside a copper and lead compact shield located at the 4850 foot level in a clean room in the Davis Campus of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. This search proceeded from June 26, 2015 until March 3, 2021 and 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure was acquired while achieving a world leading energy resolution of 0.12% FWHM at 2039 keV, one of …


Ab-Initio And Empirical Simulations Of Aluminum And Copper Metal, William Wolfs Dec 2021

Ab-Initio And Empirical Simulations Of Aluminum And Copper Metal, William Wolfs

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In this work, I perform detailed calculations on the bulk and electronic properties of aluminum and copper metal. Originally, I was motivated by experimental work on the solidsolid phase changes in pure aluminum. These phase changes were well predicted by density functional theory(DFT) but difficult or impossible to predict using embedded atom method potentials(EAM). EAM potentials are in wide use to describe many properties of bulk materials, and it seemed worrying that something so basic as a phase change could not be predicted. I began running high precision calculations with DFT and compared the results to EAM potentials which had …


Data-Driven Algorithm To Classify The Degree Of Isotropy In The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function, Anne W. Werkley, Samuel D. Butler, Todd V. Small, Michael A. Marciniak Sep 2021

Data-Driven Algorithm To Classify The Degree Of Isotropy In The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function, Anne W. Werkley, Samuel D. Butler, Todd V. Small, Michael A. Marciniak

Faculty Publications

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is used to describe reflectances of materials by calculating the ratio of the reflected radiance to the incident irradiance. While it was found that the isotropic models maintained symmetry about ϕs  =  π, such symmetry was not maintained about the θs  =  θi axis, except for close to the specular peak. This led to the development of a data-driven metric for how isotropic a BRDF measurement is. Research efforts centered around developing an algorithm that could determine material anisotropy without having to fit to models. This algorithm was tested using high …


Comparison Of Aluminum And Manganum Concentration In Akmola Region, Kazakhstan, A. G. Zhumalina, E. K. Sambayev, A. Sakaguchi, S. Endo, K. Tanaka, T. Kajimoto, N. Kawano, T. B. Suleimenov, K. Sh. Zhumadilov, M. Hoshi Mar 2020

Comparison Of Aluminum And Manganum Concentration In Akmola Region, Kazakhstan, A. G. Zhumalina, E. K. Sambayev, A. Sakaguchi, S. Endo, K. Tanaka, T. Kajimoto, N. Kawano, T. B. Suleimenov, K. Sh. Zhumadilov, M. Hoshi

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

The results of seasonal Al and Mn activity on the surface of the atmosphere above the city of Nur-Sultan are shown from October 2016 to January 2017. The technique of sampling aerosols in various fractions and further analysis of the data are described. Together with scientists from the University of Hiroshima (Hiroshima, Japan) and the University of Tsukuba (Tsukuba, Japan), the composition of aerosols in the air of Astana was monitored. The aim of the project was to develop a methodology for sampling aerosols in various fractions and conduct measurements on an ongoing basis. The studies were carried out using …


Strategies For Determining Electron Yield Material Parameters For Spacecraft Charge Modeling, Phil Lundgreen, John R. Dennison Mar 2020

Strategies For Determining Electron Yield Material Parameters For Spacecraft Charge Modeling, Phil Lundgreen, John R. Dennison

All Physics Faculty Publications

Accurate modeling of spacecraft charging is essential to mitigate well‐known and all‐too‐common deleterious and costly effects on spacecraft resulting from charging induced by interactions with the space plasma environment. This paper addresses how limited availability of electron emission and transport properties of spacecraft materials—in particular, secondary electron yields—and the wide ranges measured for such properties pose a critical issue for modeling spacecraft charging. It describes a materials charging database for electron emission properties under development, which facilitates more accurate spacecraft charge modeling when used in concert with the strategies outlined herein. These data and techniques provide tools for more accurate …


Reactive Wetting Of Metallic/Ceramic (Al/Α-Al2 O3 ) Systems: A Parallel Moleculardynamics Simulation Study, Gürcan Aral Jan 2020

Reactive Wetting Of Metallic/Ceramic (Al/Α-Al2 O3 ) Systems: A Parallel Moleculardynamics Simulation Study, Gürcan Aral

Turkish Journal of Physics

The reactive wetting process of a flat solid alumina (α-Al2 O3) ceramic surface by metallic aluminum (Al) nanodroplets with different shapes (spherical, cylindrical, and layer) is studied using parallel molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on a variable charge MD method, with focuses on heat transfer, mass transfer, and the structure of the reactive region at the Al/α-Al2 O3 interface. We find that the diffusion of oxygen (O) atoms from the substrate into the droplet leads to the formation of a continuous layer of reaction product at the interface. The diffusion length of oxygen atoms into the spherical Al droplet is …


The Structure And Stability Of Cationic Metal-Benzene Clusters, Daniel P. Rabayda Jan 2019

The Structure And Stability Of Cationic Metal-Benzene Clusters, Daniel P. Rabayda

Theses and Dissertations

We have investigated the size-dependent stability and structure of benzene, aluminum-benzene, and vanadium-benzene clusters. Motivated by gas-phase experimental studies performed by an experimental collaborator, we have used first-principle electronic structure methods to identify the structure of Al+(Bz)n, V+(Bz)n, and Bzn clusters. Our studies reveal that cationic aluminum-benzene clusters have a magic number of 13, and that its high stability may be understood by analyzing the structure of the cluster. We also investigate the structure of vanadium-benzene clusters which have a magic number of 2. Here I examine the benzene-cation and benzene-benzene …


Lithography-Free, Omnidirectional, Cmos-Compatible Alcu Alloys For Thin-Film Superabsorbers, Mariama Rebello De Sousa Dias, Chen Gong, Zachary A. Benson, Marina S. Leite Jan 2018

Lithography-Free, Omnidirectional, Cmos-Compatible Alcu Alloys For Thin-Film Superabsorbers, Mariama Rebello De Sousa Dias, Chen Gong, Zachary A. Benson, Marina S. Leite

Physics Faculty Publications

Superabsorbers based on metasurfaces have recently enabled the control of light at the nanoscale in unprecedented ways. Nevertheless, the sub‐wavelength features needed to modify the absorption band usually require complex fabrication methods, such as electron‐beam lithography. To overcome the scalability limitations associated with the fabrication of metallic nanostructures, engineering the optical response of superabsorbers by metal alloying is proposed, instead of tuning the geometry/size of the nanoscale building blocks. The superior performance of thin film AlCu alloys as the metallic component of planar bilayer superabsorbers is numerically demonstrated. This alloy outperforms its pure constituents as well as other metals, such …


Improved Analysis Of Gw150914 Using A Fully Spin-Precessing Waveform Model, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website. Oct 2016

Improved Analysis Of Gw150914 Using A Fully Spin-Precessing Waveform Model, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents updated estimates of source parameters for GW150914, a binary black-hole coalescence event detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in 2015 [Abbott et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016).]. Abbott et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241102 (2016).] presented parameter estimation of the source using a 13-dimensional, phenomenological precessing-spin model (precessing IMRPhenom) and an 11-dimensional nonprecessing effective-one body (EOB) model calibrated to numerical-relativity simulations, which forces spin alignment (nonprecessing EOBNR). Here, we present new results that include a 15-dimensional precessing-spin waveform model (precessing EOBNR) developed within the EOB formalism. We find good agreement …


Spectroscopic Imaging Of Aluminum Containing Plasma, David Michael Surmick Aug 2016

Spectroscopic Imaging Of Aluminum Containing Plasma, David Michael Surmick

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation aims to characterize laser-induced plasma from a physics point of view as warm, dense matter. Use of nominal nanosecond pulsed laser radiation initiates a plasma with electron temperatures of the order of 10 electron volts and electron densities of the order of air species densities at standard ambient temperature and pressure. For laser ablation and/or optical breakdown at or near a solid surface, the electron density can amount to be 1000 times greater. Spectroscopic investigations of the plasma emissions provide a method by which the electron density, temperature, and shockwave expansion may be determined. Of particular interest are …


Hyperfine Rather Than Spin Splittings Dominate The Fine Structure Of The B 4Σ-X 4Σ- Bands Of Aic, Dennis J. Clouthier, Aimable Kalume Jan 2016

Hyperfine Rather Than Spin Splittings Dominate The Fine Structure Of The B 4Σ-–X 4Σ- Bands Of Aic, Dennis J. Clouthier, Aimable Kalume

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Laser-induced fluorescence and wavelength resolved emission spectra of the B 4ΣX4Σ band system of the gas phase cold aluminum carbide free radical have been obtained using the pulsed discharge jet technique. The radical was produced by electron bombardment of a precursor mixture of trimethylaluminum in high pressure argon. High resolution spectra show that each rotational line of the 0-0 and 1-1 bands of AlC is split into at least three components, with very similar splittings and intensities in both the P- and R-branches. The observed structure was reproduced by assuming b …


Combinatorial Investigation Of Magnetostriction In Fe-Fa And Fe-Ga-Al, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, Dwight Hunter, Corneliu M. Craciunescu, Kyu Sung Jang, Makoto Murakami, James Cullen, Manfred Wuttig, Ichiro Takeuchi, Samuel E. Lofland, Leonid Bendersky, Noble Woo, Robert Bruce Vandover, Toshiya Takahashi, Yasubumi Furuya Mar 2015

Combinatorial Investigation Of Magnetostriction In Fe-Fa And Fe-Ga-Al, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, Dwight Hunter, Corneliu M. Craciunescu, Kyu Sung Jang, Makoto Murakami, James Cullen, Manfred Wuttig, Ichiro Takeuchi, Samuel E. Lofland, Leonid Bendersky, Noble Woo, Robert Bruce Vandover, Toshiya Takahashi, Yasubumi Furuya

Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers

A high-throughput high-sensitivity optical technique for measuringmagnetostriction of thin-film composition-spread samples has been developed. It determines the magnetostriction by measuring the induced deflection of micromachined cantilever unimorph samples. Magnetostrictionmeasurements have been performed on as-deposited Fe–Ga and Fe–Ga–Al thin-film composition spreads. The thin-film Fe–Ga spreads display a similar compositional variation of magnetostriction as bulk. A previously undiscovered peak in magnetostriction at low Ga content was also observed and attributed to a maximum in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Magnetostrictive mapping of the Fe–Ga–Al ternary system reveals the possibility of substituting up to 8at.%Al in Fe70Ga30 without significant degradation of magnetostriction.


Properties Of Cu(In,Ga,Al)Se² Thin Films Fabricated By Magnetron Sputtering, Talaat A. Hameed, Wei Cao, Bahiga A. Mansour, Inas K. Elzawaway, El-Metwally M. Abdelrazek, Hani E. Elsayed-Ali Jan 2015

Properties Of Cu(In,Ga,Al)Se² Thin Films Fabricated By Magnetron Sputtering, Talaat A. Hameed, Wei Cao, Bahiga A. Mansour, Inas K. Elzawaway, El-Metwally M. Abdelrazek, Hani E. Elsayed-Ali

Applied Research Center Publications

Cu (In,Ga,Al)Se2 (CIGAS) thin films were studied as an alternative absorber layer material to Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2. CIGAS thin films with varying Al content were prepared by magnetron sputtering on Si(100) and soda-lime glass substrates at 350 °C, followed by postdeposition annealing at 520 °C for 5 h in vacuum. The film composition was measured by an electron probe microanalyzer while the elemental depth profiles were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that CIGAS films are single phase with chalcopyrite structure and that the (112) peak clearly shifts to higher 2θ …


Synthesis And High-Pressure Structural Studies Of Aux2 (X= Al, Ga, In) Compounds, Jason Lee Baker May 2012

Synthesis And High-Pressure Structural Studies Of Aux2 (X= Al, Ga, In) Compounds, Jason Lee Baker

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Three intermetallic compounds, AuX2 (X = Al, Ga, In), were synthesized by arc-melting proper stoichiometric ratios of high purity Au, Al, Ga, and In. They were found to be single-phase in the CaF2 type Fm3m crystalline structure. Interest in these particular intermetallic materials is due to intriguing pressure-induced behavior such as electronic topological transitions (ETTs), and structural phase transitions as well as their use in a variety of practical applications such as a solar spectral absorber and in electronic circuitry. In this study, the high-pressure structure of these materials was studied using high resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) …


Inducing Active Sites In Clusters: Reactivity Of Al13ix- And Al14iy- (X=0-2, Y=2-4) With Methanol, Christopher Powell May 2011

Inducing Active Sites In Clusters: Reactivity Of Al13ix- And Al14iy- (X=0-2, Y=2-4) With Methanol, Christopher Powell

Theses and Dissertations

Size selective reactivity has been observed in pure aluminum cluster anions as a result of Lewis acid and base pairs. Using this a starting point, the goal of this study has been to explore how reactivity is affected with the addition of one or more ligand, which may induce active sites on the surface of the metal clusters. To study this, a theoretical investigation was undertaken on Al13Ix- and Al14Iy- (x=0-2, y=2-4) and their reactivity with methanol. The hypothesis was that iodine can induce a Lewis base site on the opposite side of the cluster, which may enhance reactivity. In …


Design, Fabrication, And Testing Of High-Transparency Deep Ultra-Violet Contacts Using Surface Plasmon Coupling In Subwavelength Aluminum Meshes, Clarisse Mazuir Jan 2011

Design, Fabrication, And Testing Of High-Transparency Deep Ultra-Violet Contacts Using Surface Plasmon Coupling In Subwavelength Aluminum Meshes, Clarisse Mazuir

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present work aims at enhancing the external quantum efficiencies of ultra-violet (UV) sensitive photodetectors (PDs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs)for any light polarization. Deep UV solid state devices are made out of AlGaN or MgZnO and their performances suffer from the high resistivity of their p-doped regions. They require transparent p-contacts; yet the most commonly used transparent contacts have low transmission in the UV: indium tin oxide (ITO) and nickel-gold (Ni/Au 5/5 nms) transmit less than 50% and 30% respectively at 300 nm. Here we investigate the use of surface plasmons (SPs) to design transparent p-contacts for AlGaN devices …


Phonon Density Of States Of Iron Solid Solutions At Ambient And High Pressures Using Nuclear Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (Nrixs), Samantha L. Combs, Elizabeth A. Tanis, Malcolm Nicol Aug 2008

Phonon Density Of States Of Iron Solid Solutions At Ambient And High Pressures Using Nuclear Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (Nrixs), Samantha L. Combs, Elizabeth A. Tanis, Malcolm Nicol

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) of synchrotron radiation uses the energy transferred during the inelastic nuclear absorption of photons to determine phonon density of states for solid Mössbauer isotopes. This type of experiment can be conducted at ambient and high pressures with the use of a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and a rhenium gasket. Here, we are concerned with the phonon DOS of α-FePt 10% at pressures up to 30 GPa, as well as FeAl 4.3%, 6.4%, and 27.1% at ambient pressures. The iron samples used are doped in order to increase the pressure at which the alpha to …


Combinatorial Investigation Of Magnetostriction In Fe-Fa And Fe-Ga-Al, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, Dwight Hunter, Corneliu M. Craciunescu, Kyu Sung Jang, Makoto Murakami, James Cullen, Manfred Wuttig, Ichiro Takeuchi, Samuel E. Lofland, Leonid Bendersky, Noble Woo, Robert Bruce Vandover, Toshiya Takahashi, Yasubumi Furuya Jan 2008

Combinatorial Investigation Of Magnetostriction In Fe-Fa And Fe-Ga-Al, Jason R. Hattrick-Simpers, Dwight Hunter, Corneliu M. Craciunescu, Kyu Sung Jang, Makoto Murakami, James Cullen, Manfred Wuttig, Ichiro Takeuchi, Samuel E. Lofland, Leonid Bendersky, Noble Woo, Robert Bruce Vandover, Toshiya Takahashi, Yasubumi Furuya

Faculty Publications

A high-throughput high-sensitivity optical technique for measuringmagnetostriction of thin-film composition-spread samples has been developed. It determines the magnetostriction by measuring the induced deflection of micromachined cantilever unimorph samples. Magnetostrictionmeasurements have been performed on as-deposited Fe–Ga and Fe–Ga–Al thin-film composition spreads. The thin-film Fe–Ga spreads display a similar compositional variation of magnetostriction as bulk. A previously undiscovered peak in magnetostriction at low Ga content was also observed and attributed to a maximum in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Magnetostrictive mapping of the Fe–Ga–Al ternary system reveals the possibility of substituting up to 8at.%Al in Fe70Ga30 without significant degradation of magnetostriction.


Generalized Planar Fault Energies And Twinning In Cu–Al Alloys, S. Kibey, J. B. Liu, Duane D. Johnson, H. Sehitoglu Jan 2006

Generalized Planar Fault Energies And Twinning In Cu–Al Alloys, S. Kibey, J. B. Liu, Duane D. Johnson, H. Sehitoglu

Duane D. Johnson

We report ab initio density functional theory calculations of generalized planar fault energies of fcc Cu–xAl (x=0, 5.0, and 8.3at.%) alloys. We investigate the effects of substitutional solute Al on the unstable intrinsic γus and twin γutstacking faultenergies (SFEs). Our results reveal an increased tendency of Cu–Al to deform preferentially by twinning with increasing Al content, consistent with experiment. We attribute this mechanical behavior to appreciable lowering of the twinning barrier γut, along with the stable intrinsic and twin SFEs.


Cuin1-Xalxse2 Thin Films And Solar Cells, P. D. Paulson, M. W. Haimbodi, S. Marsillac, R. W. Birkmire, W. N. Shafarman Jun 2002

Cuin1-Xalxse2 Thin Films And Solar Cells, P. D. Paulson, M. W. Haimbodi, S. Marsillac, R. W. Birkmire, W. N. Shafarman

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

CuIn[sub 1-x]Al[sub x]Se[sub 2] thin films are investigated for their application as the absorber layer material for high efficiency solar cells. Single-phase CuIn[sub 1-x]Al[sub x]Se[sub 2] films were deposited by four source elemental evaporation with a composition range of 0≤x≤0.6. All these films demonstrate a normalized subband gap transmission >85% with 2 µm film thickness. Band gaps obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry show an increase with the Al content in the CuIn[sub 1-x]Al[sub x]Se[sub 2] film with a bowing parameter of 0.62. The structural properties investigated using x-ray diffraction measurements show a decrease in lattice spacing as the Al content increases. …


Electric Field Gradients In S-, P-, And D-Metal Diborides And The Effect Of Pressure On The Band Structure And TC In Mgb₂, Nadezhda I. Medvedeva, Alexander L. Ivanovskii, Julia E. Medvedeva, Arthur J. Freeman, Dmitrii L. Novikov Feb 2002

Electric Field Gradients In S-, P-, And D-Metal Diborides And The Effect Of Pressure On The Band Structure And TC In Mgb₂, Nadezhda I. Medvedeva, Alexander L. Ivanovskii, Julia E. Medvedeva, Arthur J. Freeman, Dmitrii L. Novikov

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Results of full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital generalized gradient approximation calculations of the band structure and boron electric field gradients (EFG's) for the new medium-Tc superconductor MgB2 and related diborides MB2, M = Be, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, and Ta are reported. The boron EFG variations are found to be related to specific features of their band structure and particularly to the M-B hybridization. The strong charge anisotropy at the B site in MgB2 is completely defined by the valence electrons - a property which sets MgB2 apart from other diborides. The boron …


Effects Of Surface Roughness On The Intensity Distribution Of Light Reflected From Aluminum Surfaces, Harvey N. Wingfield Jan 1962

Effects Of Surface Roughness On The Intensity Distribution Of Light Reflected From Aluminum Surfaces, Harvey N. Wingfield

Master's Theses

Only over the past few years have investigations of the intensity distribution of the light reflected from materials been attempted. Most of these investigations have been done by personnel at the National Bureau of Standards on matt surfaces, and acid etched black glass. It should be noted that separate investigations in the two fields, the methods of analysis of a surface's topography and the intensity distribution of reflected light from different materials have been and still are being performed. However, most correlations which exist between a surface's topography and its optical effects such as reflectance, intensity, absorption, and transmission are …