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Morphological And Optical Properties Of Vacuum Evaporated Zno Thin Films, Farzana Chowdhury, S. M. Firoz Hasan, M. Sahabul Alam
Morphological And Optical Properties Of Vacuum Evaporated Zno Thin Films, Farzana Chowdhury, S. M. Firoz Hasan, M. Sahabul Alam
Turkish Journal of Physics
ZnO thin films were deposited onto chemically and ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates by thermal evaporation in vacuum (\sim 10^{-6} mbar). The thickness of the films was measured by frequency shift of quartz crystal. The optical properties of the films have been ascertained by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry in the photon wavelength range of 300--2500 nm. The effect of substrate temperature on the optical properties of the films has been investigated, where all film thickness was kept fixed at 100 \pm 10 nm. The optical transmittance spectra reveal a maximum transmittance of 88% at room temperature around photon wavelength of 2350 nm. Band …
The Composition Dependence Of The Optical Band Gap In Ge Doped Se-Te Glassy Alloy, Mainika Kapoor, Nagesh Thakur
The Composition Dependence Of The Optical Band Gap In Ge Doped Se-Te Glassy Alloy, Mainika Kapoor, Nagesh Thakur
Turkish Journal of Physics
Bulk glasses with the chemical composition (Se_{80}Te_{20})_{100-x}Ge_x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) have been prepared from high purity constituent elements. Fragments of the bulk glasses are used to deposit thin films by vacuum thermal evaporation and compositional dependence of the optical and physical properties have been studied. It has been found that optical absorption is due to indirect transition and the optical band gap E_g increases with increasing Ge content in Se-Te glassy alloy. The relationship between the E_g and chemical composition is discussed in terms of cohesive energy and co-ordination number.
Slab Waveguide Sensor Based On Amplified Phase Change Due To Multiple Total Internal Reflections, Sofyan A. Taya, Taher M. El-Agez
Slab Waveguide Sensor Based On Amplified Phase Change Due To Multiple Total Internal Reflections, Sofyan A. Taya, Taher M. El-Agez
Turkish Journal of Physics
We present theoretically an optical slab waveguide sensor based on amplified phase change due to multiple total internal reflections (TIRs). Compared with the conventional waveguide sensors, the proposed approach provides higher sensitivity. In this sensor, we adopt the change in the ellipsometric total phase change \Delta as the measuring probe of changes in the refractive index (RI) of the cladding. The change in \Delta is calculated for large number of alternating total reflections. Numerical calculations show that \Delta is strongly dependent on the RI variations of the cladding. Moreover, theoretical simulations show that the resolution of this sensor is predicted …
Resonant Electron Transfer And L-Shell Excitation For _{26}Fe^{19+} And _{30}Zn^{23+} Ions, Hassan Ramadan
Resonant Electron Transfer And L-Shell Excitation For _{26}Fe^{19+} And _{30}Zn^{23+} Ions, Hassan Ramadan
Turkish Journal of Physics
Resonant transfer and excitation (RTE) involving simultaneous electron capture and projectile L-shell excitation has been calculated for Fe^{19+} and Zn^{23+} ions, in charge states ranging from nitrogen-like to oxygen-like incident on molecular hydrogen over an energy range 0--250 MeV. By the same way the calculations have been performed with helium over an energy range 0--300 MeV. The calculations are carried out using the angular momentum average (AMA) scheme in the isolated resonance approximation (IRA). This method was previously used to calculate RTE cross sections for N-like P^{8+} and Ca^{13+}, where the results are found to agree with the present calculations. …
Bianchi-V Cosmological Models With Viscous Fluid And Constant Deceleration Parameter In General Relativity, Sharad Kandalkar, Pramod Khade, Mohini Gaikwad
Bianchi-V Cosmological Models With Viscous Fluid And Constant Deceleration Parameter In General Relativity, Sharad Kandalkar, Pramod Khade, Mohini Gaikwad
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this paper we discuss the variation law for Hubble's parameter, average scale factor in spatially homogenous anisotropic Bianchi Type V space-time that yields a constant value deceleration parameter. Using the law of variation for Hubble's parameter, exact solutions of Einstein's field equations are obtained for Bianchi-V space time filled with viscous fluid in two different cases where the universe exhibits power law and exponential expansion. We investigate a number of solutions with constant and time varying cosmological constant together with variable and constant bulk viscosity. We find that the constant value of deceleration parameter is reasonable for the present …
Symmetry And The Order Of Events In Time. The Asymmetrical Order Of Events In Time In A Reversible Energy Converter, Ben-Zion Ginzburg, Randy Wayne
Symmetry And The Order Of Events In Time. The Asymmetrical Order Of Events In Time In A Reversible Energy Converter, Ben-Zion Ginzburg, Randy Wayne
Turkish Journal of Physics
The positive increase of entropy that occurs in irreversible processes has always served as a criterion for distinguishing the past from the future. The unerring ability of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to predict the order of events in time based on a change of entropy in macroscopic systems has led to the concept of the thermodynamical arrow of time. In this paper we analyze a cyclical reversible energy converter, in which thermal energy is converted into useful work without any net change of entropy. While it is usually assumed that time is an outsider in the equations of reversible …
Symmetry And The Order Of Events In Time. A Proposed Identity Of Negative Mass With Antimatter, Randy Wayne
Symmetry And The Order Of Events In Time. A Proposed Identity Of Negative Mass With Antimatter, Randy Wayne
Turkish Journal of Physics
In another paper in this series, we developed a symmetrical theory of mass which describes how systems of positive mass and negative mass will respond to an input of thermal energy. A system composed of positive mass or negative mass will respond to an input of thermal energy in opposite ways. For example, if a system composed of positive mass expands in response to radiation from a hot body, a system composed of negative mass will contract. Likewise, if the system composed of positive mass contracts when brought in communication with a cold body, a system composed of negative mass …
Thermodynamics Of Liquid Alkali Metals Using Pseudopotential Perturbation Scheme, Jagendra Kamalsinh Baria, Ashvinkumar Ramaniklal Jani
Thermodynamics Of Liquid Alkali Metals Using Pseudopotential Perturbation Scheme, Jagendra Kamalsinh Baria, Ashvinkumar Ramaniklal Jani
Turkish Journal of Physics
Recently proposed model potential of Baria and Jani is used with the exchange and correlation effect of Sarkar et al. to calculate internal energy (Enthalpy), Entropy and Helmholtz free energy of liquid Na, K, Rb and Cs at various temperatures with the variational approach. The parameter of the potential is determined with the standard zero pressure condition. The structure factor derived by Percus-Yevick solution for hard sphere fluids which is characterized by hard sphere diameter \sigma is used. A good agreement between theoretical investigations and experimental findings has confirmed the ability of the model potential to the liquid alkali metals.
Exactly Solvable Potentials From Decemvirate Power Potential, Nilamoni Saikia
Exactly Solvable Potentials From Decemvirate Power Potential, Nilamoni Saikia
Turkish Journal of Physics
A transformation method is presented which consist of a coordinate transformation and a functional transformation that allow generation of exact analytic bound state solutions of the Schrodinger Green's function equation. The method proposed here, which involves the generation of an exact analytic solution from solvable decemvirate power potential within the framework of Green's functions technique, makes it possible to generate a number of solved quantum systems for original quantum systems with multi-term potentials. The generated quantum systems are in general energy dependent with a single normalized eigenstate. A method has been devised to convert a subset of the generated quantum …
The Influence Of Confinements On The Photon Flux Spectra In Amorphous Silicon Quantum Dots, Moafak Cadim Abdulrida, Nidhal Moosa Abdul-Ameer, Shatha Mohammad Abdul-Hakeem
The Influence Of Confinements On The Photon Flux Spectra In Amorphous Silicon Quantum Dots, Moafak Cadim Abdulrida, Nidhal Moosa Abdul-Ameer, Shatha Mohammad Abdul-Hakeem
Turkish Journal of Physics
We have theoretically calculated the photon flux of radiative recombination in amorphous silicon quantum dots (a-SiQDs) at room temperature. These quantum dots have been ranged in their diameter 1 to 4 nm. The convolution of probability density function of deepest energy states of conduction P_C(E) and valence P_V(E) bands within the capture volume was adopted. The behavior of this function can be classified into four regions according to the quantum dot size. The effect of spatial and quantum confinements on the peak value of photon flux must be taken into account. We found that a blue shift is classified by …
Te Surface Waves In Dielectric Slab Sandwiched Between Lhm Slabs, Ass'ad I. Ass'ad, Hassan S. Ashour
Te Surface Waves In Dielectric Slab Sandwiched Between Lhm Slabs, Ass'ad I. Ass'ad, Hassan S. Ashour
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this work, the dispersion relation for TE surface waves has been derived for a slab waveguide constructed from a dielectric material slab sandwiched between two thick layers of left-handed material (LHM). The dispersion relation and the power flow were numerically solved for a given set of parameters: the structural factor, dielectric slab thickness, and the operating frequency on the effective refractive index and power flow. We found that the wave effective refractive index decreases with thickness increase as well as increase in frequency. We found that the effective refractive index increases slightly with increase of structural factor. Also, the …
Prediction Of Some Mechanical And Vibrational Properties Of Gax (X = P, As, Sb) Semiconductor Compounds, Anil Ratilal Jivani, Ashvinkumar Ramniklal Jani
Prediction Of Some Mechanical And Vibrational Properties Of Gax (X = P, As, Sb) Semiconductor Compounds, Anil Ratilal Jivani, Ashvinkumar Ramniklal Jani
Turkish Journal of Physics
The static elastic constants (C_{11}, C_{12} and C_{44}), pressure derivative of elastic constants, pressure derivative of bulk modulus, propagation velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in [100], [110] and [111] directions and Young modulus are investigated through computations using the higher-order perturbation theory based on pseudopotential formalism, in which we have applied our own proposed model potential for GaP, GaAs and GaSb semiconductor compounds. In the present calculations, two local-field correction functions are employed to consider exchange and correlation effects. The numerical values of the aforesaid properties are found to be sensitive to the selection of the local-field correction function …
Dynamics And Noise Of Fiber-Grating Semiconductor Lasers Affected By The Line-Width Enhancement Factor, Salah Abdulrhmann
Dynamics And Noise Of Fiber-Grating Semiconductor Lasers Affected By The Line-Width Enhancement Factor, Salah Abdulrhmann
Turkish Journal of Physics
This paper numerically investigates the effect of the line-width enhancement factor on the dynamics and the intensity noise of InGaAs/InP lasers pumping in the wavelength of 980 nm at the strong optical feedback limit. The investigation is performed based on an improved time-delay rate equation model of a single-mode laser. The analyses are performed in terms of the temporal trajectory of the laser intensity, bifurcation diagram, relative intensity noise and injection current. The simulation results indicate that the laser, under strong optical feedback, mainly operates in CW, pulsation or chaos operation depending on the line-width enhancement factor and injection current …
Determination Of Barrier Height Temperature Coefficient By Norde's Method In Ideal Co/N-Gaas Schottky Contacts, Abdulmeci̇t Turut
Determination Of Barrier Height Temperature Coefficient By Norde's Method In Ideal Co/N-Gaas Schottky Contacts, Abdulmeci̇t Turut
Turkish Journal of Physics
We have formed the ideal Co/n-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) by magnetron DC sputtering. The experimental current-voltage data of the Co/n-GaAs SBD are almost independent of the sample temperature and quite well obey the thermionic emission model from 100 K to 320 K. We have showed that the temperature coefficient of the barrier height can be determined using Norde's method instead of the temperature-dependent capacitance-voltage measurements or the flat-band barrier height values because the thermionic emission current dominates in the ideal SBDs. We have obtained a barrier height temperature coefficient value of \alpha = 0.41 meV/K for Co/n-GaAs SBDs used …
Structure And Electrical Properties Of Lanthanum Doped Bi_2sr_2ca_{2-X}La_Xcu_3o_{10+ \Delta} Superconductor, Kareem Jasim
Structure And Electrical Properties Of Lanthanum Doped Bi_2sr_2ca_{2-X}La_Xcu_3o_{10+ \Delta} Superconductor, Kareem Jasim
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this work we studied the effect of La-doping on phase purity, crystal structure and electrical resistivity of Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_{10+\delta} superconductor, synthesized by usual solid state reaction method. The X-ray florescence (XRF) show the stoichiometry of samples and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the change of structure from orthorhombic to tetragonal by increasing La doping. It was found that the change of lanthanum concentrations of all our samples produce a change in the oxygen content, the ratio of lattice parameters c/a and mass density \rho_m. Electrical resistivity, using the four-probe technique, was used to find the critical temperature T_c and to …
Behavior Of Temperature Dependence Of Permeability Curves At Different Stages Of Crystallizations Of Nanocrystalline Fe_{70.5}Cr_3cu_1nb_3si_{13.5}B_9, Saadni Islam, Kazi Hanium Maria, Shamima Choudhury, Mohammad Abdul Hakim, Dilip Kumar Saha
Behavior Of Temperature Dependence Of Permeability Curves At Different Stages Of Crystallizations Of Nanocrystalline Fe_{70.5}Cr_3cu_1nb_3si_{13.5}B_9, Saadni Islam, Kazi Hanium Maria, Shamima Choudhury, Mohammad Abdul Hakim, Dilip Kumar Saha
Turkish Journal of Physics
Nanocrystalline amorphous ribbons of composition Fe_{70.5}Cr_3Cu_1Nb_3Si_{13.5}B_9 prepared by rapid solidification technique have been studied in the present work. Amorphicity of the ribbons has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Crystallization temperatures were identified by X-ray diffraction and crystallization products were analyzed by XRD. When annealed below the crystallization temperature, i.e. when the sample is in amorphous state, temperature dependence of permeability curves were characterized by sharp increase of permeability and subsequent fall to lower value near ferro-paramagnetic transition temperature, which is typical Hopkinson effect for soft ferromagnetic single phase material. Under devitrification, when the sample is in a two phase state, …
Effect Of Zinc Incorporation On The Density Of Defect States In A-Se_{85}Te_{15} Glassy Alloy, Shikha Shukla, Santosh Kumar
Effect Of Zinc Incorporation On The Density Of Defect States In A-Se_{85}Te_{15} Glassy Alloy, Shikha Shukla, Santosh Kumar
Turkish Journal of Physics
Present work incorporates the study of d.c. conductivity measurements at high electric fields in vacuum evaporated thin films of Se_{85-x}Te_{15}Zn_x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6 and 10) glassy alloys. Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics have been measured at various fixed temperatures. In these samples, at low electric fields, ohmic behavior is observed. However, at high electric fields (E \sim 10^4 V/cm), non ohmic behavior is observed. An analysis of the experimental data confirms the presence of space charge limited conduction (SCLC) in the glassy materials studied in the present case. From the fitting of the data to the theory of SCLC, …
A Fresh Look At Thermal Field Emission From Tungsten Tip, Ahmed Abdurrahman Ahmed Al-Tabbakh
A Fresh Look At Thermal Field Emission From Tungsten Tip, Ahmed Abdurrahman Ahmed Al-Tabbakh
Turkish Journal of Physics
Electron emission from clean tungsten tips has been investigated at different temperatures and applied electric field. Emission mechanism is analyzed on the basis of the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) model and a parameter extraction model based on elimination of field enhancement factor. The suggested extraction model of the physical and geometrical parameters is found fairly adequate to resolving the apparently confusing behavior of these parameters and shedding light on the emission mechanism. The observed linear FN plots at low temperatures confirm the predominating effect of the applied field on the electron emission. At elevated temperatures, emission is found to fall in the …
The Element Contents In Chickpeas Grown Under Organic And Conventional Farming Regimes Using Wdxrf Analysis For Human Nutrition And Health, Uğur Akbaba, Yusuf Şahi̇n, Hasan Türkez
The Element Contents In Chickpeas Grown Under Organic And Conventional Farming Regimes Using Wdxrf Analysis For Human Nutrition And Health, Uğur Akbaba, Yusuf Şahi̇n, Hasan Türkez
Turkish Journal of Physics
A comparative study on elemental composition of various chickpea (Cicer arientînum L) samples was conducted by using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF). 22 elements, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, S, Sr, Zn, Br, Cl, K, Mg, Na, Ba, Rb, Si, Au, Cr, La and Sn, were determined in chickpea samples (n = 10) grown under organic and conventional farming regimes. Results obtained from each group were analyzed statistically using the SPSS statistic program. It was observed that the concentration and peak intensity values of Ca, Fe, P, Cl, K, Mg and Na elements were higher in the chickpea …
Estimation Of Radiological Risk Due To Concentration Of ^{238}U, ^{226}Ra, ^{232}Th And ^{40}K In Soils Of Different Geological Origins In Northern India, Rohit Mehra, Manmohan Singh
Estimation Of Radiological Risk Due To Concentration Of ^{238}U, ^{226}Ra, ^{232}Th And ^{40}K In Soils Of Different Geological Origins In Northern India, Rohit Mehra, Manmohan Singh
Turkish Journal of Physics
Radioactivity of nuclides ^{238}U, ^{226}Ra, ^{232}Th and ^{40}K was measured in soil by \gamma-ray spectrometry using a HPGe detector. A criterion was set in order to analyse soil samples from plain, semi-hilly and hilly areas in northern India. More than three \gamma-ray energy peaks were used for the determination of ^{226}Ra and ^{232}Th activity concentrations to obtain more accurate results. Some of these peaks have interfering energies, which was caused by the limited resolution of the detector, but they were resolved theoretically and used in the analysis because of their significance in reducing the random error to its minimum level. …
Influence Of Aam-Lod On The Lower Stratospheric Ozone Transport Over Lagos--Nigeria, Bernadette C. Isikwue, Francisca N. Okeke
Influence Of Aam-Lod On The Lower Stratospheric Ozone Transport Over Lagos--Nigeria, Bernadette C. Isikwue, Francisca N. Okeke
Turkish Journal of Physics
An investigation of the relationship between Atmospheric Angular Momentum (AAM) via Length of Day (LOD) and the variability of Ozone (O_3) in the tropics with much emphasis on Lagos-Nigeria, using the global zonal wind data spanning 1997 to 2005 has been carried out. The mean O_3 concentration, O_3 temporal oscillation period, its average temporal amplitude of oscillation and its average maximum daily variation have been determined to be 273.6 \pm 0.04 DU, 5 days, 7.81 Du and 48.8 Du, respectively. The average monthly maximum and minimum O_3 concentrations were found to be 287.8 Du occurring between July and August; and …
Branching Of The W(H_4) Polytopes And Their Dual Polytopes Under The Coxeter Groups W(A_4) And W(H_3) Represented By Quaternions, Mehmet Koca, Nazi̇fe Koca, Mudhahir Al-Ajmi
Branching Of The W(H_4) Polytopes And Their Dual Polytopes Under The Coxeter Groups W(A_4) And W(H_3) Represented By Quaternions, Mehmet Koca, Nazi̇fe Koca, Mudhahir Al-Ajmi
Turkish Journal of Physics
4-dimensional H_4 polytopes and their dual polytopes have been constructed as the orbits of the Coxeter-Weyl group W(H_4), where the group elements and the vertices of the polytopes are represented by quaternions. Projection of an arbitrary W(H_4) orbit into three dimensions is made preserving the icosahedral subgroup W(H_3) and the tetrahedral subgroup W(A_3). The latter follows a branching under the Coxeter group W(A_4). The dual polytopes of the semi-regular and quasi-regular H_4 polytopes have been constructed.
E_{Cm}=500 Gev Clic \Gamma\Gamma Collider Based On Its Drive Beam Fel, Hüsnü Aksakal, Zafer Nergi̇z, Frank Zimmermann, Daniel Schulte, Alexander Mikhailichenko, Abbas Kenan Çi̇ftçi̇
E_{Cm}=500 Gev Clic \Gamma\Gamma Collider Based On Its Drive Beam Fel, Hüsnü Aksakal, Zafer Nergi̇z, Frank Zimmermann, Daniel Schulte, Alexander Mikhailichenko, Abbas Kenan Çi̇ftçi̇
Turkish Journal of Physics
CLIC is a linear e^+e^- collider project which employs a drive beam to accelerate the main beam. Various portions of the drive beam provide RF power for corresponding units of the main linac through energy extracting RF structures. CLIC can operate over a wide range of center-of-mass energies, from 150 GeV to 3 TeV. In addition to e^+e^- collider, \gamma\gamma and \gamma e colliders based on CLIC can be realized. In order to generate high energy photons, a Free electron laser (FEL) produced from the CLIC drive beam linac can be used. In this paper we show that the CLIC …
Neutron Cross-Sections For ^{55}Mn In The Energy Range From 0.2 To 22 Mev, Abul Khaer Mohammad Rezaur Rahman
Neutron Cross-Sections For ^{55}Mn In The Energy Range From 0.2 To 22 Mev, Abul Khaer Mohammad Rezaur Rahman
Turkish Journal of Physics
Neutron total and differential elastic scattering cross-sections for ^{55}Mn nucleus was calculated from different global spherical optical potential (SOP) sets for different neutron energies ranging from 0.2 MeV to 22 MeV using the well known computer program SCAT-2 on an IBM PC-AT. In addition, the angular distributions of elastically scattered neutrons at different neutron energies were calculated. The results were compared with those of the experimental data obtained from the EXFOR data file of NEA data bank. The best-fit potential parameter was thereby selected. It was observed that the best fit to the experimental values of the total cross-sections are …
Admixture Of Higher Multi-\Hbar\Omega Configurations In The Calculation Of Electron Scattering Form Factors Of Some 1p-Shell Nuclei, Ammar A. Al-Sa'ad
Admixture Of Higher Multi-\Hbar\Omega Configurations In The Calculation Of Electron Scattering Form Factors Of Some 1p-Shell Nuclei, Ammar A. Al-Sa'ad
Turkish Journal of Physics
A semi-microscopic approach that modifies the 1p-shell model wave functions through the admixture of higher p-shells configurations from multi-\hbar\omega model space is submitted in this work. The longitudinal form factors of C2 transitions in ^7Li and ^{15}N, and the transverse form factors of M1 transition in ^{12}C are calculated in the framework of this approach with the emphasis on the reproduction of the second lobe data. It is found that a slight contribution of the higher multi-p-shells with the 1p-shell in the modified initial and/or final states wave functions is sufficient for giving the best description to the form factors …
Heat Capacity Of Trapped Bosons In A Combined Harmonic-Lattice Potential, Azza M. Elbadry
Heat Capacity Of Trapped Bosons In A Combined Harmonic-Lattice Potential, Azza M. Elbadry
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this paper, the heat capacity per particle C(T)/Nk_B of the trapped bosons in a combined harmonic-lattice potential is calculated within the semicalssical approximation. The main effects which can alter the ideal gas are included simultaneously in the present approach. The calculated results show that the heat capacity has a significant dependence on the lattice depth and temperature. Classical results are recovered at sufficiently high temperature, and that it reproduces the Dulong-Petit law type. Moreover, the behavior of the heat capacity in a deep lattice can be used as an indicator for the quantum phase transition superfluid-Mott insulator. It decreases …
\Delta (E2/M1) And X(E0/E2) Mixing Ratios In ^{134}Ba By Means Of Ibm-2, Abdul Ridha Hussain Subber, Flih Hussain Al-Khudair
\Delta (E2/M1) And X(E0/E2) Mixing Ratios In ^{134}Ba By Means Of Ibm-2, Abdul Ridha Hussain Subber, Flih Hussain Al-Khudair
Turkish Journal of Physics
The ^{134}Ba isotope (Z = 56) lies in the transitional region closer to the vibrational range of nuclei. Energy levels B(E2), B(M1) and the mixing ratios \delta (E2/M1) and X(E0/E2) for selected transitions were calculated in the framework of the proton-neutron interacting boson model (IBM-2). All results were compared with experimental data. Some experimental X(E0/E2) ratios were calculated from available experimental data. Majorana parameters were found to have a great effect on the calculated energy levels of the 2_3^+ and 2_4^+, which indicate that both of them have mixed symmetry properties.
Gamma Irradiation Effect On The Optical Properties And Refractive Index Dispersion Of Dye Doped Polystyrene Films, Tariq J. Alwan
Gamma Irradiation Effect On The Optical Properties And Refractive Index Dispersion Of Dye Doped Polystyrene Films, Tariq J. Alwan
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this work, we have studied the effect of the gamma irradiation on the optical properties and optical constants of Polystyrene doped by methylene blue (mb) with thickness in the range 0.11 + 5 mm. The samples have been investigated via transmittance and reflectance spectra, and characterized in the wavelength range 300-900 nm. The optical band gap E_g was determined while the optical absorption spectra showed that the absorption mechanism is an indirect allowed transition, which found that optical energy gap E_g decreases after irradiation. The optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real and imaginary parts of the dielectric …
Hydrogen Implantation Effects On The Electrical And Optical Properties Of Inse Thin Films, Atef Fayez Qasrawi, Khaled Faisal Ilaiwi, Antonio Polimeni
Hydrogen Implantation Effects On The Electrical And Optical Properties Of Inse Thin Films, Atef Fayez Qasrawi, Khaled Faisal Ilaiwi, Antonio Polimeni
Turkish Journal of Physics
The effects of hydrogen ion implantation on the structural, electrical and optical properties of amorphous InSe thin films have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed no change in the structure of the films. An implantation of 7.3 x 10^{18} ions/cm^2 decreased the electrical conductivity by three orders of magnitude at 300 K. Similarly, the conductivity activation energy, which was calculated in the temperature range of 300-420 K, decreased from 210 to 78 meV by H-ion implantation. The optical measurements showed that the direct allowed transitions energy band gap of amorphous InSe films has decreased from 1.50 to 0.97 eV by …
Scale Dimension As The Fifth Dimension Of Spacetime, Sergey Fedosin
Scale Dimension As The Fifth Dimension Of Spacetime, Sergey Fedosin
Turkish Journal of Physics
The scale dimension discovered in the theory of infinite nesting of matter is studied from the perspective of physical implementation of well-studied four-and n-dimensional geometric objects. Adding the scale dimension to Minkowski four-dimensional space means the necessity to use the five-dimensional spacetime.