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Possible Overestimation Of Nitrogen Dioxide Outgassing During The Beirut 2020 Explosion, Ashraf Farahat, Nayla El-Kork, Ramesh P. Singh, Feng Jing

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

On 4 August 2020, a strong explosion occurred near the Beirut seaport, Lebanon and killed more than 200 people and damaged numerous buildings in the vicinity. As Amonium Nitrate (AN) caused the explosion, many studies claimed the release of large amounts of NO₂ in the atmosphere may have resulted in a health hazard in Beirut and the vicinity. In order to reasonably evaluate the significance of NO₂ amounts released in the atmosphere, it is important to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of NO₂ during and after the blast and compare it to the average day-to-day background emissions from …

Apparent Recovery Of Surface Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer By A Coastcross Pasture, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, L. A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Silva

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Nitrogen recoveries from five levels of urea and ammonium nitrate surface-applied on coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were estimated. Significant differences occurred within periods (P < 0.05), depending on climatic conditions. Under adequate plant growth conditions, mean N recovery from urea was about 67%, sometimes reaching 80%, of that from ammonium nitrate. Recovery of ammonium nitrate varied from 45 to 68% of applied N.

Soil Nitrate Level Variation Under Intensive Nitrogen Fertilized Coastcross Pasture, O. Primavesi, A. C. Primavesi, L. A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Silva

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Nitrate levels in soil profile after the first N application on coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were measured at 7-day intervals, to monitor possible losses in depth. Soil nitrate rates varied with high rates of N-ammonium nitrate (200 kg ha^-1 per cutting) in surface layers. Danger of environmental impact was low in the studied conditions.

Effect Of Sources And Rates Of Nitrogen On Nutrients Extraction In Coastcross Pastures, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, L. De A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Da Silva, A. R. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The contents and the extraction of mineral nutrients were determined in a coastcross pasture established on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, receiving five rates of urea and ammonium nitrate, applied on surface. There were differences (P< 0.05) among sources and rates of N. Nutrients extraction increased with the nitrogen levels. Especially high were total N (319 and 446 kg ha^-1) and K (341 and 467 kg ha^-1) extractions. When forage yield was high (treatment with 500 kg of N ha^-1) and for both fertilizers, macronutrients extraction was greater for K and N, followed by Ca, S, P and Mg. Micronutrients extraction occurred in the following decreasing order: Fe, Mn, …

Dry Matter Production Response Of Coastcross (Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pears) To Sources And Rates Of Nitrogen, L. De A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, A. R. Freitas, A. G. Da Silva, E. B. Pott

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Dry matter production of a coastcross pasture grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, was evaluated. The goal was to verify the efficiency of N rates as urea and ammonium nitrate: 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha^-1 per cutting, in five periods. Both sources were equally efficient. The mean N rates, which produced 80% of maximum forage yield, were 78 and 58 kg N ha^-1, respectively, for urea and ammonium nitrate, and were related to dry matter yields of 2,769 and 3,347 kg ha …

Ammonia Losses By Volatilization From Coastcross Pasture Fertilized With Two Nitrogen Sources, H. Cantarella, L. De A. Corrêa, A. C. Primavesi, O. Primavesi, A. R. De Freitas, A. G. Da Silva

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Ammonia losses by volatilization from five rates of urea or ammonium nitrate surfaceapplied to coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox) in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were measured. Volatilized ammonia was absorbed in traps placed on soil surface. The mean losses from urea applied after five successive cuttings of the grass were 15, 24, 34, and 40% for N rates of 25, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 per cutting, respectively.

Nitrogen Balances In High Rainfall, Temperate Dairy Pastures Of South Eastern Australia, Richard J. Eckard, D. F. Chapman, R. E. White, A. Smith, D. Chen, P. A. Durling

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use on dairy pastures in south eastern Australia has increased exponentially over the past 15 years, causing increasing environmental concerns. Volatilisation, denitrification and leaching of N were measured for one year (1998-1999) in pastures receiving no N fertilizer (grass/clover), or 200 kg N/ha applied as urea (46%N) or ammonium nitrate (34.5%N). Nitrogen balances were calculated for each treatment.

Significantly more N was lost through volatilisation and denitrification when N was applied as urea compared to ammonium nitrate. Nitrate leaching losses were significantly greater with the application of N fertilizer, although the maximum loss was only 4.1 kg …

Study Of The Process Of Production Of Liquid Nitrogenfertilizers, A M. Reymov

Karakalpak Scientific Journal

The dependence of the changes in physico-chemical and rheological properties of solutions of the composition in systems [11,82%NH4CI +1,65% (NH4) 2SO4+6,76%К2S04+79,77%H2O]-CO(NH2)2 and [11,82%NH4CI+1,65%(NH4)2SO4+6,76%K2S04+ 79,77%H2O]-NH4NO3. On the basis of the studied diagrams "composition-properties" the optimal ratio of the components of the mother solution: nitrogen-containing fertilizers is 60:40 and 50:50, respectively, with the addition of urea and ammonium nitrate

Analysis Of Improvised Explosives By Electrospray Ionization - Mass Spectrometry And Microfluidic Techniques, Inge Corbin

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Improvised explosives may be based on smokeless gunpowder, fertilizers, or inorganic oxidizers such as nitrate (NO3-), chlorate (ClO3-), and perchlorate (ClO4-) salts.

Identification is a priority for the military and law enforcement but due to their varying physical properties and complexity, identification can be challenging. Consequently, three methods have been developed to aid in presumptive and confirmatory detection.

Smokeless powder contains plasticizers, stabilizers, dyes, opacifiers, flash suppressants, and other compounds. Identification of these additives can narrow down or identify the brands of smokeless powder used in a device. Fourteen organic smokeless powder components were identified by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) using …

Characteristics Of Methyl Cellulose-Nh4no3-Peg Electrolyte And Application In Fuel Cells, Siti Rohana Majid, Shuhaimi N. E. A., Alias N. A., Kufian M. Z., Arof A. K.

Siti Rohana Majid

We report the viability of methyl cellulose (MC) as a membrane in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Methyl cellulose serves as the polymer host, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as the doping salt and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as plasticizer. Conductivity measurement was carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The room temperature conductivity of pure MC film is is (3.08 +/- 0.63) x 10(-11)S cm(-1). The conductivity increased to (2.10 +/- 0.37) x 10(-6)S cm(-1) on addition of 25 wt.% NH4NO3. By adding 15 wt.% of PEG 200 to the highest conducting sample in the MC-NH4NO3 system, the conductivity was further …

Characteristics Of Methyl Cellulose-Nh4no3-Peg Electrolyte And Application In Fuel Cells, Siti Rohana Majid, Shuhaimi N. E. A., Alias N. A., Kufian M. Z., Arof A. K.

Siti Rohana Majid

We report the viability of methyl cellulose (MC) as a membrane in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Methyl cellulose serves as the polymer host, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as the doping salt and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as plasticizer. Conductivity measurement was carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The room temperature conductivity of pure MC film is is (3.08 +/- 0.63) x 10(-11)S cm(-1). The conductivity increased to (2.10 +/- 0.37) x 10(-6)S cm(-1) on addition of 25 wt.% NH4NO3. By adding 15 wt.% of PEG 200 to the highest conducting sample in the MC-NH4NO3 system, the conductivity was further …

Design And Characterization Of A Human Exposure Chamber And Inversion Episodes In Salt Lake City, Utah In January/February Of 2009, Roman Yuri Kuprov

Theses and Dissertations

Research on health effects of particulate matter (PM) has been a very active area in the last two decades. One plausible mechanism by which exposure to PM affects human health includes modification of autonomic endothelium function. Decreased endothelium activity causes heightened risks of cardiovascular disease. A human exposure chamber designed to conduct experiments to quantify diminished function of endothelium from short term exposure to PM is described. The chamber consists of two stages for containment and pre-treatment of PM and exposure of human subjects. Concentrations of CO, CO2, NO, NO2, O3, and PM2.5, are monitored and controlled in the exposure …

Quality Of Runoff From Four Northwest Arkansas Pasture Fields Treated With Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, John F. Murdoch, Philip A. Moore Jr.

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Long-term land application of animal manures, even at agronomic rates, can promote accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) which can, in turn, contribute to increased P loadings to downstream waters. The objective of this study was to assess the soil and runoff effects of replacing animal manure as a soil amendment with inorganic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃) on fields that had been treated previously with animal manures. Runoff from two pairs of small fields (0.57 to 1.46 ha) was sampled from September 1991 to April 1994. All fields had been treated previously with animal manures; after runoff …

Using Solid, Bulk Blended Mix-Grade Fertilizers, Kenneth L. Wells, Jonathan D. Green

Soil Science News and Views

Most solid, mixed fertilizers used in Kentucky are prepared by physically mixing two or more fertilizer materials to a desired analysis. The ingredient materials most commonly used to prepare mixed fertilizers in Kentucky are diammonium phosphate, urea, ammonium nitrate, muriate of potash, and sulfate of potash. During the period January - June, 1990, these 5 materials made up 60% of the 700,000 tons of fertilizer used in Kentucky. And just three of them ... urea, diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash ... made up 47% of the total used during that period.

Using Urea Nitrogen As A Fertilizer, Kenneth L. Wells

Soil Science News and Views

Solid granular or prilled urea (45-46% N) has become widely available in Kentucky, as has 28% nitrogen solution (UAN solution) which is half urea and half ammonium nitrate. When applied to a field, urea is transformed to ammonium N soon after application. The rate of transformation is greatly increased by urease, the enzyme found to varying degrees in soil and on plants and plant residues. Due to the chemical reactions involved as urea nitrogen undergoes transformation, there is some degree of likelihood for volatilization loss of some N. Whether such a loss will occur, and how much N will be …

Ammonium Nitrate Blasting Agent (Anfo) For Land Clearing, G A. Greaves

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The introduction of "prilled" AN has revolutionised explosives practice and made possible safer and cheaper methods of blasting.

This article outlines the methods of handling and using ANFO blasting agent for land clearing.