Digital Commons Network^™

Unified Role Assignment Framework For Wireless Sensor Networks, Manish Mahendra Kumar Kochhal

Wayne State University Dissertations

Wireless sensor networks are made possible by the continuing improvements in embedded sensor, VLSI, and wireless radio technologies. Currently, one of the important challenges in sensor networks is the design of a systematic network management framework that allows localized and collaborative resource control uniformly across all application services such as sensing, monitoring, tracking, data aggregation, and routing.

The research in wireless sensor networks is currently oriented toward a cross-layer network abstraction that supports appropriate fine or course grained resource controls for energy efficiency. In that regard, we have designed a unified role-based service paradigm for wireless sensor networks. We pursue …

Photodissociation Dynamics In Titan's Atmosphere, Welvidanalage Ruchira Silva

Wayne State University Dissertations

Photodissociation dynamics of molecules relevant to understanding Titan's atmosphere (diacetylene, cyanoacetylene and heptane isomers) are carried out under collisionless condition using the DC slice imaging technique. In diacetylene photodissociation, two-photon processes dominate at 243 nm and 212 nm whereas at 121.6 nm, a one-photon dissociation process dominates. Direct measurement of the lifetime of metastable triplet diacetylene confirms sub-microsecond lifetimes. Photodissociation of cyanoacetylene at 193.3 nm proceeds on the S1 potential energy surface with an exit barrier. In heptane photodissociation, the dissociation occurs on the ground state or low-lying triplet states with nonradiative electronic relaxation. Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy studies in this …

Two Particle Correlations And The Ridge In Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions, George Stevens Moschelli

Wayne State University Dissertations

Measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) find an enhancement of two particle correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions, not present in proton-proton collisions. Because the correlation structure is wide in relative pseudorapidity and narrow in relative azimuthal angle, it is known as the ridge. The most striking feature of the ridge is that it seems to extend to a long range in relative pseudorapidity where causality limits interaction. Similar ridge structures are observed in correlations of particles associated with and without a jet trigger. We argue that the untriggered ridge arises when particles formed in an early Glasma …

A Study Of Structure-Property Correlation In V2o5 And Tio2 Based Thin Films As Functional Materials, Chandra Thapa

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

A STUDY OF STRUCTURE-PROPERTY CORRELATION IN V2O5 AND TiO2 BASED THIN FILMS AS FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

by

CHANDRA THAPA

June 2010

Advisor: Dr. Ratna Naik

Co-Advisor: Dr. K. R. Padmanabhan

Major: Physics (Condensed Matter)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The focus of this thesis is to study the structure-property correlation in thin films of V2O5 and TiO2 based transition metal oxides as functional materials. V2O5 is investigated as a cathode material for lithium ion battery and TiO2 as a high-K dielectric material.

We studied V2O5 thin films prepared by spin coating using three different types of precursors, MOD precursor, sol-gel organic …

Dechalcogenative Allylic Selenosulfide And Disulfide Rearrangements For Cysteine Modification And Glycoligation, Venkataraman Subramanian

Wayne State University Dissertations

This thesis describes investigations directed at the development of methods for the selenosulfide and disulfide rearrangements for the permanent functionalization of thiols, and in particular of cysteine and carbohydrate based thiols. Emphasis is placed on the newly invented silver mediated allylic desulfurative rearrangement for the primary modification of thiols and the synthesis of complex oligosaccharide mimics.

Chapter one introduces the concept of chemoselective ligations for the modification of macromolecules like carbohydrates and proteins. It overviews the native and non-native ligation techniques for their modification of such entities with a attention focusing on thiol based ligation techniques. The later part of …

Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystal Assembly: From Synthesis To Applications, Qinghong Yao

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation study is focused on (1) the application of an oxidation-induced sol-gel assembly method to formation of CdTe aerogels; (2) extension of existing aerogel compositions and properties by an alternative synthetic approach: cation-exchange reactions; and (3) probing the functionality of CdSe aerogels as optical sensors of Lewis base analytes.

Highly porous CdTe aerogels were successfully synthesized by sol-gel assembly of CdTe nanocrystals with thiolate or nonthiolate (phosphine oxide) ligated surfaces by treatment with tetranitromethane. Both phosphine oxide-capped and the thiolate-capped aerogels exhibit similar structure, morphology and porosimetry properties, suggesting that precursor ligation does not have a no major effect …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Metal Complexes Containing Tetrazolate, Poly(Tetrazolyl)Borate, And Aryl Pentazole Ligands As High Energy Density Materials, Dongmei Lu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Heavier alkaline earth metal tetrazolates have been prepared as cryatals contain aqua ligands and as anhydrous powders, and were characterized by spectral and analytical methods. Potassium bis(tetrazolyl)borate complexes K(BH₂(RCN₄)₂)(H₂O)_n (R = H, Me, NMe₂, and NiPr₂) and their 18-crown-6 adducts have been synthesized. In the solid state, complexes where R = H and Me have B-N bonds to the nitrogen atoms proximal to the carbon atom, whereas those with R = NMe₂ and NiPr₂ possess isomeric B-N bonds to the nitrogen atoms distal to the …

Detecting Phenotype-Specific Interactions Between Biological Processes From Microarray Data And Annotations, Nadeem Ahmed Ansari

Wayne State University Dissertations

The development of high throughput technologies such as DNA microarrays has enabled researchers to measure expression levels on a genomic scale. Correct and efficient biological interpretation of the voluminous data generated by these technologies, however, remains a challenging problem. A commonly used approach in interpreting the results of such high throughput experiments is to map the list of differentially expressed (DE) genes to gene ontology (GO) terms, which provides a list of biological processes, biochemical functions, and cellular locations associated with the DE genes. A previously unexplored aspect is the identifications of unusual associations between biological processes. Such associations may …

Identification Of Neuroblastoma And Its Prognostic Markers Using Raman Spectroscopy, Rachel Kast

Wayne State University Dissertations

Introduction: Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer of infancy. It is one of several peripheral nervous system tumors, including ganglioneuroma, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and pheochromocytoma. It is commonly situated on the adrenal gland. It displays similar histology to other small round blue cell tumors, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. One method of judging neuroblastoma aggressiveness uses tumor histology factors, including mitosis-karyorrhexis index, Schwannian stromal development, degree of differentiation, and patient age. Tumor aggressiveness can also be judged based on the amplification of certain genes, including MYCN. Raman spectroscopy is a physics-based method which identifies the biochemical …

Methods Of Variational Analysis In Pessimistic Bilevel Programming, Samarathunga M. Dassanayaka

Wayne State University Dissertations

Bilevel programming problems are of growing interest both from theoretical and practical points of view. These models are used in various applications, such as economic planning, network design, and so on. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the pessimistic (or strong) version of bilevel programming problems in finite-dimensional spaces. Problems of this type are intrinsically nonsmooth (even for smooth initial data) and can be treated by using appropriate tools of modern variational analysis and generalized differentiation developed by B. Mordukhovich.

This dissertation begins with analyzing pessimistic bilevel programs, formulation of the problems, literature review, practical application, existence of …

Synthesis Of Functionalized Gpi Anchors And Related Glycoconjugates, Benjamin M. Swarts

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation is divided into two chapters describing the background, significance, and synthesis of GPI anchors and GPI-anchored molecules. GPI anchors are a class of complex glycolipids with the primary purpose of attaching cell surface proteins/glycoproteins to the cell membrane. The first chapter is focused on the synthesis of functionalized GPI anchors, and begins with an introductory look at the discovery, structure, biosynthesis, and biological functions of GPIs. Then, after surveying progress and achievements in GPI synthesis, including discussion about current strategic shortcomings in the field that prevent the chemical synthesis of various GPI derivatives, our approach to accessing uniquely …

Spectral Methods For The Hamiltonian Systems, Nairat Kanyamee

Wayne State University Dissertations

We conduct a systematic comparison of spectral methods with some

symplectic methods in solving Hamiltonian dynamical systems. Our

main emphasis is on the non-linear problems. Numerical evidence has

demonstrated that the proposed spectral collocation method preserves

both energy and symplectic structure up to the machine error in each

time (large) step, and therefore has a better long time behavior.

I-Kinetic And Mechanistic Investigations Of Amino Acid Substrates Reactivities With Ferryl Species, Ahmed Ibrahim Youssef Abouelatta

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

I-KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC INVESTIGATIONS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTRATES REACTIVITIES WITH FERRYL SPECIES

II-SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DERIVATIVES OF THE BN-TPEN LIGAND AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES

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AHMED IBRAHIM YOUSSEF ABOUELATTA

MAY 2011

Advisor: Dr. Jeremy Jacob Kodanko

Major: Chemistry (Organic)

Degree: Doctor of philosophy

The reactivity of tryptophan, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and hydrochloride salt of lysine amino acid substrates with the N4Py ferryl species was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and product characterization. Based on kinetic isotope effect studies and product analysis, an ET-PT mechanism was proposed for the reaction of tryptophan substrate with N4Py ferryl and …

Experimental And Theoretical Analysis Of The Electronic Behavior In Five-Coordinate Iron(Iii) And Six-Coordinate Cobalt(Iii) Complexes With Electroactive Phenol-Rich Ligands, Marco Mathieu Allard

Wayne State University Dissertations

Three 5 coordinate high-spin Iron(III) complexes containing pentadentate N2O5 ligands were synthesized and characterized, namely, (1) [FeIII(L1)] and (2) [FeIII(L2)]. Structural differences in ligand design,N,N,N'-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)benzene-1,2-diamine for (1) and N,N,N'-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N'-methyl-benzene-1,2-diamine for (2), result in complexes that due to their forced geometry, asymmetry, and slightly different electronic structures are able to foster phenoxyl radicals although show a sensitive dependence to both the solvent and the electrolyte system in the cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of TBAClO4 (1) exhibits a two-electron oxidation, whereas in the presence of TBAPF6 (2), , shows three distinct phenolato/phenoxyl radical couples. Both (1) and (2) were redox-cycled 30 …

Measuring The Nanomechanics Of Nanoconfined Water Layers, Shah Haidar Khan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Nanoconfined water has been the subject of special interest due to its applications in various fields such as biology, geology, medicine, and engineering tribology. While there is a general agreement on the layering of water molecules along atomically smooth surfaces, the behavior and properties of nanoconfined water is still poorly understood. A significant controversy exists whether there is a phase transformation imposed by confinement. We have measured the stiffness and damping coefficient of nanoconfined water using a small amplitude (0.5-1 Å) atomic force microscope. The results were analyzed with the help of two viscoelastic models, the Kelvin model and the …

Electro-Optic And Magneto-Dielectric Properties Of Multifunctional Nitride And Oxide Materials, Ambesh Dixit

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Materials that simultaneously exhibit different physical properties provide a rich area of research leading to the development of new devices. For example, materials having a strong coupling between charge and spin degrees of freedom are essential to realizing a new class of devices referred to generally as spintronics. However, these multifunctional systems pose new scientific challenges in understanding the origin and mechanisms for cross-control of different functionalities. The core of this Ph.D. dissertation deals with multifunctional nitride and oxide compound semiconductors as well as multiferroic magnetic oxide systems by investigating structural, optical, electrical, magnetic, magnetodielectric and magnetoelectric properties.

Thin …

The Synthesis, Structure, And Properties Of Group 2 Poly(Pyrazolyl)Borates And Their Use For The Atomic Layer Deposition Of Group 2 Borates, Mark J. Saly

Wayne State University Dissertations

A series of heavy alkaline earth complexes containing TpR2-based ligands has been synthesized, structurally characterized, and their properties were investigated. Salt metathesis routes involving MI2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with either KTpEt2 or KTpnPr2 afforded MTpEt22 or MTpnPr22 in good to moderate yields. All of these complexes are volatile and exceptionally thermally stable, and have acceptable properties for use as group 2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursors. In addition, a series of group 2 complexes containing BpR2-based ligand systems were synthesized. Treatment of MI2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with two equivalents of TlBptBu2, KBp, and KBpiPr2 in tetrahydrofuran …

Clustering-Based Pre-Processing Approaches To Improve Similarity Join Techniques, Yufen Tan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Research on similarity join techniques is becoming one of the growing practical areas for study, especially with the increasing E-availability of vast amounts of digital data from more and more source systems. This research is focused on pre-processing clustering-based techniques to improve existing similarity join approaches.

Identifying and extracting the same real-world entities from different data sources is still a big challenge and a significant task in the digital information era. Dissimilar extracts may indeed represent the same real-world entity because of inconsistent values and naming conventions, incorrect or missing data values, or incomplete information. Therefore discovering efficient and accurate …

Search For The Decay Ds To Omega L Nu, Jin Zhu

Wayne State University Dissertations

This analysis searches for a new type of rare decay of the charmed mesons,

which would provide direct evidence for the presence of Fock states inside

hadrons.

We use 586pb of e+e- collisions at the Cornell Electron Storage

Ring (CESR), at \sqrt{s}=4.17 GeV, recorded with the Cleo-c detector.

A limit on the branching ratio Ds to omega e nu is found, at 0.231\%

(95\% C.L.).

Transition Metal-Mediated Higher-Order Cycloaddition Reactions: Application To The Total Synthesis Of Complex Natural Products, Bilal Abou Aleiwi

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

TRANSITION METAL-MEDIATED HIGHER-ORDER CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS: APPLICATION TO THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX NATURAL PRODUCTS

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BILAL ABOU ALEIWI

October 2010

Advisor: Dr. James H. Rigby

Major: Chemistry (Organic)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Chromium (0)-mediated [6ð + 2ð] and [6ð + 2ð + 2ð] cycloaddition reactions between cyclic trienes and alkynes is reported. The development, investigation and the application of these reactions in the total synthesis of complex ring systems and natural products is described. Two natural products, namely, ∆ 9(12) -Capnellene and Echinopines A and B were targeted.

An investigation led to the successful development of a methodology to …

Task Analysis, Modeling, And Automatic Identification Of Elemental Tasks In Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery, Lavie Pinchas Golenberg

Wayne State University Dissertations

Robotic microsurgery provides many advantages for surgical operations, including tremor filtration, an increase in dexterity, and smaller incisions. There is a growing need for a task analyses on robotic laparoscopic operations to understand better the tasks involved in robotic microsurgery cases. A few research groups have conducted task observations to help systems automatically identify surgeon skill based on task execution. Their gesture analyses, however, lacked depth and their class libraries were composed of ambiguous groupings of gestures that did not share contextual similarities.

A Hierarchical Task Analysis was performed on a four-throw suturing task using a robotic microsurgical platform. Three …

D Meson Reconstruction At Star Using The Silicon Vertex Tracker (Svt), Sarah Lapointe

Wayne State University Dissertations

At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider a hot and dense matter is produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV/c. This matter exhibits features of a new deconfined partonic matter, called the Quark-Gluon Plasma. Charm quarks are expected to be produced predominately from the initial gluon fusion in parton-parton hard scatterings. This indicates that the production of the charm occurs at the early stages of the collision. At this time the system is thought to be partonic, making the charm a powerful probe of the initial conditions. Non-photonic electron measurements in p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au provide some insight of …

Low Energy Search For Physics Beyond The Standard Model, Andriy Badin

Wayne State University Dissertations

After discussion of the theoretical aspects of the Standard Model we point out experimental observations that can not be answered within its framework. Methods for the inderect detection of the heavy (electroweak scale and above) and light New Physics particles are discussed. Study of the meson mixing in the $B_s$ system is proposed as the way to indirectly probe NP. We predict that New Physics contribution to the lifetime difference of $B_s$-$\bar{B}_s$ system can be dominant in certain scenarios. As an example of the way to detect the light New Physics we considered the Dark Matter production in the heavy …

Localized Feature Selection For Unsupervised Learning, Yuanhong Li

Wayne State University Dissertations

Clustering is the unsupervised classification of data objects into different groups (clusters) such that objects in one group are similar together and dissimilar from another group. Feature selection for unsupervised learning is a technique that chooses the best feature subset for clustering. In general, unsupervised feature selection algorithms conduct feature selection in a global sense by producing a common feature subset for all the clusters. This, however, can be invalid in clustering practice, where the local intrinsic property of data matters more, which implies that localized feature selection is more desirable.

In this dissertation, we focus on cluster-wise feature selection …

A Search For The Sm Higgs Boson In The Process Zhllbb In 4.1/Fb Of Cdf Ii Data, Shalhout Zaki Shalhout

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation presents a search for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson in the associated production process ZH → l⁺l_- bb using 4.1fb^-1 of Tevatron collision data collected with the CDF II detector.

To increase the sensitivity to a ZH signal over previous CDF searches, we implement new electron and expanded b-jet identification algorithms.

We utilize neural network classifiers enhanced with matrix element probabilities, a b-jet identifying neural network, and multivariate jet energy corrections to maximize the separation of signal from SM backgrounds.

We employ three neural network classifiers separately optimized for each of our three …

Innovative Acoustic Reflection Imaging Techniques And Application To Clinical Breast Tomography, Steve Phillip Schmidt

Wayne State University Dissertations

Conventional ultrasound techniques use beam-formed, constant sound speed ray models for fast image reconstruction. However, these techniques are inadequate for the emerging new field of ultrasound tomography (UST). We present a new technique for reconstruction of reflection images from UST data. We have extended the planar Kirchhoff migration method used in geophysics, and combined it with sound speed and attenuation data obtained from the transmission signals to create reflection ultrasound images that are corrected for refractive and attenuative effects.

The resulting techniques were applied to simulated numerical phantom data, physical phantom data and in-vivo breast data obtained with an experimental …

Dynamic Multivariate Simplex Splines For Volume Representation And Modeling, Yunhao Tan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Volume representation and modeling of heterogeneous objects acquired from real world are very challenging research tasks and playing fundamental roles in many potential applications, e.g., volume reconstruction, volume simulation and volume registration. In order to accurately and efficiently represent and model the real-world objects, this dissertation proposes an integrated computational framework based on dynamic multivariate simplex splines (DMSS) that can greatly improve the accuracy and efficacy of modeling and simulation of heterogenous objects. The framework can not only reconstruct with high accuracy geometric, material, and other quantities associated with heterogeneous real-world models, but also simulate the complicated dynamics precisely by …

Dihadron Fragmentation Functions In Proton-Proton Collisions At The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (Rhic), Muhammad Elnimr

Wayne State University Dissertations

Measurements of azimuthal correlations at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have shown an away-side that is suppressed in Au+Au collisions compared to proton+proton/Deuteron+proton collisions. Such suppression is taken as a signature of the predicted QCD dense medium. However, the near-side of the azimuthal correlations shows little modification. The near-side of such correlations is related to the ratio of the dihadron fragmentation function to the single one. As such, dihadron fragmentation functions shall provide a better basis for the interpretation of the near-side correlations. Dihadron fragmentation functions also also provide a baseline of such measurements in heavy ion collisions.

Data Clustering And Visualization Through Matrix Factorization, Yanhua Chen

Wayne State University Dissertations

Clustering is traditionally an unsupervised task which is to find natural groupings or clusters in multidimensional data based on perceived similarities among the patterns. The purpose of clustering is to extract useful information

from unlabeled data.

In order to present the extracted useful knowledge obtained by clustering in a meaningful way, data visualization becomes a popular and growing area of research field. Visualization can provide a qualitative overview of large and complex data sets, which help us the desired insight in truly understanding the phenomena of interest in data.

The contribution of this dissertation is two-fold: Semi-Supervised Non-negative Matrix Factorization …

Critical Values For The Two Independent Samples Winsorized T Test, Piper Alycee Farrell-Singleton

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES WINSORIZED T TEST

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PIPER A. FARRELL-SINGLETON

AUGUST 2010

Advisor: Dr. Shlomo Sawilowsky

Major: (Education, Evaluation and Research)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Through Monte Carlo Simulation, this study explores the approximate behavior of the two sample winsorized t test. Samples are drawn from the normal population and symetrically winsorized up to 20%. The two independent samples winsorized t test is then calculated on each sample using Monte Carlo methods using 1,000,000 iterations. The t values are then sorted from low to high and the critical values for both one and two tailed …