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Biodiversity Of Snow Algae In The North Cascades: Comparing Distinct Microhabitats At Mount Watson., Chloe Beck
Biodiversity Of Snow Algae In The North Cascades: Comparing Distinct Microhabitats At Mount Watson., Chloe Beck
WWU Graduate School Collection
Snow algae, commonly known as pink snow, bloom in high alpine environments globally. Snow algae blooms are on every continent, but the biodiversity within them is under studied. The snow habitat is suitable for algae growth in the spring and summer months when liquid water is available in snowpacks. Diverse terrain in alpine systems can create unique and variable snow habitats as snow melts through the growing season. This study describes the biodiversity of blooms from a site, Mt. Watson, in the North Cascade Mountain Range. The measures of biodiversity assessed include species richness, alpha diversity, beta diversity, and genetic …
Deglacial And Holocene Environmental Change Recorded In Lake Sediments From The Snowy Mountains, Kosciuszko National Park, Southeastern Australia, Emma J. Mickelson
Deglacial And Holocene Environmental Change Recorded In Lake Sediments From The Snowy Mountains, Kosciuszko National Park, Southeastern Australia, Emma J. Mickelson
WWU Graduate School Collection
The sediment record from Lake Albina, the Snowy Mountains, southeastern Australia suggests significant environmental change mostly reflecting shifts in climate from the LGM through the Holocene. Immediately following deglaciation, approximately 19.4 thousand cal ky BP, Lake Albina experienced cold and/or dry conditions with minimal vegetation in the catchment. Cooler conditions persisted with a slight increase in moisture throughout the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; 14.7-13 cal ky BP) aligning closest with a strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and a northward shift of the South Westerly Winds (SWW). Between 12.9-9.7 cal ky BP, Lake Albina recorded a climate reversal …
The Biophysical Resilience Capacity Of The Salish Sea’S Tidal Wetlands To Sea Level Rise, Kenna Kuhn
The Biophysical Resilience Capacity Of The Salish Sea’S Tidal Wetlands To Sea Level Rise, Kenna Kuhn
WWU Graduate School Collection
Tidal wetlands offer significant ecosystem services, cultural identity, and economic opportunities, but the impact that projected SLR will have on tidal wetlands in the Salish Sea is not known. In this thesis, I examine the exposure, watershed-scale biophysical resilience capacity, and jurisdictional variation in resilience capacity of the Salish Sea’s tidal wetlands to SLR. I quantify exposure, resilience, and jurisdictional variation using existing spatial data and analysis techniques. I employ a framework for biophysical resilience capacity developed by NOAA and NERRA. This study’s results indicate that there is substantial variation in wetlands area by watershed, from 0 km2 to …
Enhancing The Federal Natural Resource Damage Assessment And Restoration Process Through Bayesian Networks: A Case-Study On The Little Mississinewa River, Indiana, April D. Reed
WWU Graduate School Collection
The Federal Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration (NRDAR) program gives Tribes and certain government agencies the authority to assess injury to natural resources and to pursue and implement compensatory action for any resources lost or injured due to unlawful releases of chemicals into the environment. This study was centered around the development of a Bayesian network (BN) decision support tool tailored to the needs of NRDAR practitioners. The goal was to design a probabilistic BN tool that could lend quantitative insight into natural resource injury. A case study was used to develop and demonstrate the tool’s functionality and propriety …
Life Cycle Assessment Of A Hemp-Based Thermal Insulation Panel, Kara Davis
Life Cycle Assessment Of A Hemp-Based Thermal Insulation Panel, Kara Davis
WWU Graduate School Collection
Buildings have a monumental impact on the environment and the economy and account for about 40% of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and materials entering the economy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool for quantitatively evaluating the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life span commonly applied in the building and construction sector. While past efforts have focused on reducing operational energy and carbon, attention has shifted towards embodied energy and carbon as buildings become more energy efficient. This graduate thesis applies the LCA framework and investigates the life cycle environmental impacts of a hemp-based thermal insulation panel …
Revealing Binding And Unbinding Pathways Of Small Molecules And Peptides To Enzymes With Enhanced Sampling Methods, Kayla Ariana Croney
Revealing Binding And Unbinding Pathways Of Small Molecules And Peptides To Enzymes With Enhanced Sampling Methods, Kayla Ariana Croney
WWU Graduate School Collection
In vitro experiments are critical to understanding the biochemistry of molecular systems but it can be a challenge to obtain atomistic resolution. Computational chemistry gives insight to these results with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using Newton’s equations of motion to analyze the motion of atoms and molecules. However, due to insufficient sampling and long-lived metastable states separated by high energy intermediates, enhanced sampling methods must be applied. Metadynamics (MetaD) enhances the exploration of MD by adding time-dependent bias. Here, we applied MetaD to two enzymes to study their substrate binding/unbinding pathways with their respective substrates. Yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) deaminates …
Transition State Kinetics Through Kramers’ Rate For Variationally Enhanced Sampling., David Cummins
Transition State Kinetics Through Kramers’ Rate For Variationally Enhanced Sampling., David Cummins
WWU Graduate School Collection
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations use Newtonian mechanics applied at finite time steps to numerically propagate the time-trajectory of a dynamical system. However, many biochemical processes such as catalysis, ion channel gating, substrate binding, and protein folding evolve over time scales which are orders of magnitudes greater than those afforded by MD and the computational power available today. The development of methods that reduce the computational cost of sampling such rare events help to provide a dynamic insight into these processes. This thesis explores the application of a recently developed enhanced sampling method, Variationally Enhanced Sampling (VES), for calculating kinetic rate …
An Assessment Of Historical And Future Bluff Recession In Puget Sound, Wa, Callie Little
An Assessment Of Historical And Future Bluff Recession In Puget Sound, Wa, Callie Little
WWU Graduate School Collection
Sea level rise in the coming century is projected to cause substantial changes along the world’s coastlines and adverse effects to communities and environments. Among these changes, questions about the extent, rate, and uncertainty of coastal bluff retreat relative to historical observations and in response to sea level rise are critical to evaluate. Coastal bluffs comprise ~43% of the shoreline across Puget Sound in the Salish Sea and their recession is a growing concern to human safety, property, infrastructure, and diverse ecosystem services for culturally and commercially important fisheries. This project assesses bluff erosion using field observations, structure from motion …
Using Olivine-Hosted Melt Inclusions To Better Understand The Transcrustal Architecture Beneath Mount Baker (Koma Kulshan), North Cascades, Washington, Amanda Florea
WWU Graduate School Collection
The Schriebers Meadow cinder cone is located on the southern flank of Mount Baker and produced the Sulphur Creek lava flows and SC tephra deposits ~9.8 ka. Mount Baker, a Cascade volcano, is located ~50 km east of Bellingham, Washington. Previous work on the Sulphur Creek lava flows show that the eruption comprised two primary bulk rock compositions, ranging from basalt at the toe to basaltic andesite closer to the vent. However, little is known about the relative composition and eruption timing of the SC tephra from the same vent. In this thesis, I quantify compositional variations through the explosive …
High Resolution Seafloor Structure Of The Gofar Oceanic Transform Fault, Paige Koenig
High Resolution Seafloor Structure Of The Gofar Oceanic Transform Fault, Paige Koenig
WWU Graduate School Collection
The Gofar oceanic transform fault (OTF) accommodates 12.5 cm/year of plate boundary motion through large earthquakes, microseismic swarms, and aseismic slip in distinct regions of the fault along strike. Local and teleseismic observations show that well- coupled segments of the fault tend to fail via M~6 earthquakes roughly every 5 years. These fully-coupled segments are bound by barrier zones, up to ~10 km-wide, that do not generate large-magnitude earthquakes, but instead host microseismic swarms, accompanied by aseismic slip (Shi et al., 2021). Geophysical modeling and observations provide evidence that hydrothermal fluid circulation and fault damage may influence slip behavior segmentation. …
Velocity Structure Of The Queen Charlotte Fault Across The 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig Earthquake Region, Lazaro Valentin Garza
Velocity Structure Of The Queen Charlotte Fault Across The 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig Earthquake Region, Lazaro Valentin Garza
WWU Graduate School Collection
Offshore southeastern Alaska and western Canada, the Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF) separates the Pacific (PA) and North American (NA) plates. Here the plate boundary experiences ~55 mm/yr of dextral slip accompanied by increasing fault obliquity from north to south. Among the historical M>7 earthquakes that have occurred on the QCF, two recent earthquake ruptures in 2012 and 2013 highlight the potential for seismic and tsunami hazard along the margin. Earthquake observations and geophysical imaging following the 2013 Mw7.5 Craig earthquake provided new insight into QCF crustal architecture, but also created new questions about how earthquake rupture dynamics are related …
Post Polymerization Modification And Preparation Of Dynamic Polymer Networks Via Guanylation Of Aryl Carbodiimides, Conner J. Klingler
Post Polymerization Modification And Preparation Of Dynamic Polymer Networks Via Guanylation Of Aryl Carbodiimides, Conner J. Klingler
WWU Graduate School Collection
Styrenic carbodiimide (CDI) polymers have shown an interesting ability to form reversible polymer networks, known as covalent adaptable networks (CANs), through an uncatalyzed reaction with multifunctional amines. CANs have been a topic of interest in polymer chemistry due to their ability to be reprocessed, which is not found in classic thermoset polymer networks. However, not much is known about the capabilities of the nucleophilic addition of amines to aryl CDI repeat unit structures that goes into making these networks due to the understudied reactions involved. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of the chemistry involved through various post …
Does Sediment Supply Impact The Threshold For Initial Sediment Motion In Natural, Gravel Bedded Streams?, Emily Loucks
Does Sediment Supply Impact The Threshold For Initial Sediment Motion In Natural, Gravel Bedded Streams?, Emily Loucks
WWU Graduate School Collection
Sediment transport in river channels control channel morphology, streamflow, and benthic ecosystems. Predicting sediment transport rates through a channel is required for sediment management for stream restoration and aquatic habitat assessment. The critical Shields stress (τ*c), is a dimensionless parameter used in sediment transport models that characterizes the river bed surface shear stress required to initiate sediment motion. The τ*c is typically assumed constant in transport models, yet compilations of field data have shown that τ*c can vary wildly, causing sediment transport models to over- or under-predict fluxes by an order of magnitude or more. Understanding …
Learning From Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Paralytic Shellfish Toxins In Butter Clams, Jackelyn Garcia
Learning From Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Paralytic Shellfish Toxins In Butter Clams, Jackelyn Garcia
WWU Graduate School Collection
Anthropogenic forcing of marine ecosystems is disproportionately impacting Indigenous food systems and the health of coastal Indigenous communities. With increasing harmful algal events, there is rising concern for access and health of coastal communities who rely on shellfish for commercial, food, subsistence, and ceremonial harvest. In the U.S West Coast, the dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. may produce paralytic shellfish toxins, which can cause shellfish to become toxic and is of especial concern. While recent research has led to greater awareness of the risks associated with paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), the concern for harmful algae is not new. Coastal Indigenous communities have …
Structural, Mutational, And Kinetic Characterization Of Ura4, An Isocytosine Deaminase, Ashlee Hoffman
Structural, Mutational, And Kinetic Characterization Of Ura4, An Isocytosine Deaminase, Ashlee Hoffman
WWU Graduate School Collection
Cytosine Deaminases (CD) are a class of enzymes found in prokaryotes and fungi that have been studied in the past due to their ability to deaminate the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) producing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). 5-FU is a common anti-cancer drug that can inhibit DNA synthesis leading to cancer cell death. 5-fluorocytosine can interact with digestive bacteria leading to unwanted side effects for cancer patients. Isocytosine Deaminases (ICD) are enzymes that are of interest in the treatment of cancers using Gene Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (GDEPT). ICDs can deaminate the prodrug 5-fluoroisocytosine (5-FIC) also producing the drug 5-FU. 5-FIC will likely not …
Impact Of Carbonaceous And Inorganic Nanomaterial Chemistry On Polymer Additive Release From Weathered Epoxy Composites, Haley Sefi-Cyr
Impact Of Carbonaceous And Inorganic Nanomaterial Chemistry On Polymer Additive Release From Weathered Epoxy Composites, Haley Sefi-Cyr
WWU Graduate School Collection
Nanomaterials (NMs) are small (< 100 nm), reactive, chemical species that can often be used as polymer fillers to improve mechanical strength and slow the degradation of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Polymers can undergo physical and chemical weathering which can result in increased release of polymer additives and non-polymerized monomers from the polymer matrix. This project aimed to study how NM chemistry and environmental weathering impacts the release and transformation of relevant PNC systems. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) PNCs were synthesized containing titanium dioxide (TiO2), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), or graphene oxide (GO) NMs. These composites were subjected to either simulated or natural weathering conditions to quantify and characterize their capacity to leach endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environmental variables, including temperature and ultra-violet (UV) light, were investigated for their impact on additive release. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were used to characterize the PNCs which were leached in water for one to five days at 25, 45, or 65 °C. The degree of weathering also varied from no weathering, outdoor weathering, or simulated weathering using UV light. Leachates were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantify release of bisphenol A (BPA), tert-butylphenol (TBP), and nonylphenol (NP). There were significant differences between NM types for PNCs weathered outdoors and leached at 25 °C for 24 h, however only TBP was detected in the leachate. When compared to the blank epoxy, GO PNCs leached significantly less in the UV and in May outdoor weathered experiments, MWCNT PNCs leached significantly less when weathered outdoors in May and June, and TiO2 PNCs leached significantly less when UV weathered. Each of the NMs has potential to decrease TBP release through sorption or photodegradation. The carbonaceous NMs (GO and MWCNT) may sorb TBP, inhibiting its release, while TiO2 may photodegrade TBP. The unweathered PNCs leached the most TBP, followed by UV weathered, and then outdoor weathered. A possible explanation for this is photodegradation of TBP by UV light in the UV- and outdoor-weathered experiments leading to removal of TBP prior to leaching. Future experiments should include additional sorption trials and long-term natural weathering with microplastic generation to further explore the release and degradation mechanisms.
Stereoselective Synthesis Of (+)- And (-)-Cananodine, Haley Holliday
Stereoselective Synthesis Of (+)- And (-)-Cananodine, Haley Holliday
WWU Graduate School Collection
Natural products are an important class of molecules utilized in traditional medicine and inspire drug design in medicinal chemistry. Cananga odorata, a tree commonly known as ylang-ylang, contains natural products known to positively benefit health, and specifically promote liver health. One alkaloid isolated from Cananga odorata, cananodine, possesses cytotoxic properties, specifically against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the most common type of liver cancer, with one million diagnoses projected by 2025 globally. Cananodine is a member of the guaipyridine alkaloid family, a class of compounds that feature a substituted pyridine bonded to a seven-membered ring. The first enantiomer …
Selectivity And Structure Of Chimeric Loop Swaps In Sh2 Domains, Sarah N. Smith
Selectivity And Structure Of Chimeric Loop Swaps In Sh2 Domains, Sarah N. Smith
WWU Graduate School Collection
SH2 (Src Homology 2) domains are protein domains that bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues within cell signaling cascades. They have been found to play a role in certain cancers and immunological disorders. Despite their importance in cell signaling and medical relevance, the structural basis of the various selectivity classes of SH2 domains is only partially understood. Previous research found that the EF and BG loops of the domains contribute to forming the peptide binding pocket, and thus impact their selectivity. To further understand the role of these loops in selectivity, we engineered chimeric SH2 domains by swapping the EF and …
New Synthetic Methods Based On Silicon-Tethered Nucleophilic Addition Reactions, Alexie W. Clover
New Synthetic Methods Based On Silicon-Tethered Nucleophilic Addition Reactions, Alexie W. Clover
WWU Graduate School Collection
With the recent discovery of an iodine mediated rearrangement of diallylsilanes, we set out to investigate a similar fluorine mediated rearrangement, aimed at introducing a new method for synthesizing organofluorine compounds. Interest in incorporating fluorine into organic molecules has grown significantly in recent years, primarily for medicinal applications. Since certain fluorination methods require the use of mCPBA, a common epoxidizing reagent, control experiments were performed on the reaction of several diallylsilanes with mCPBA, anticipating that a competing epoxidation of the diallylsilanes might occur. It was found that the formation of the hydroxy ester occurred through a regioselective epoxide opening from …
Tuned Gold Layer Growth Onto Plasmonic Sensing Silver Nanocubes Via Synthetic Control Of Reduction Potentials., Nicolas Hall
Tuned Gold Layer Growth Onto Plasmonic Sensing Silver Nanocubes Via Synthetic Control Of Reduction Potentials., Nicolas Hall
WWU Graduate School Collection
Metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) are commonly employed as sensors and detection tools due to their unique plasmonic properties. Silver NPs exhibit these properties in heightened capacity in comparison to other metals. However, Ag NPs are susceptible to oxidation, degradation over time and are biotoxic. These issues are commonly addressed by creating Ag-alloy NPs or by adding additional layers to Ag NPs. This work improves upon these methods by focusing on the growth of an Au layer onto Ag nanocubes (AgNCs), resulting in a layered Au-Ag NC (Au@AgNC). The resulting morphology of these Au@AgNCs are dependent on the synthetic pathway taken and …
Evaluating Leaf Trait Variation In High Elevation Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva) Under Increasing Water Stress: Insights From Needle Length, Stomatal Density, And Cambial Growth, Audrey Salerno
WWU Graduate School Collection
Increasing aridification caused by climate change is altering growth patterns in trees. There is revived attention on how foliar traits respond to climate and the relationship of these traits to ring width. Bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva, DK Bailey), a long-lived conifer found at high elevations in the cool and dry intermountain west of America, is used in paleoclimate reconstructions by measurement of their annually resolvable tree rings. The species also has annually datable needles retained on their branches for an average of 45 years making it the ideal subject for research on foliar trait and growth relationships under …
Using Qm/Mm Methods To Explore Sortase Enzyme Intermediates, Kinetics, And Stability, Kyle Whitham
Using Qm/Mm Methods To Explore Sortase Enzyme Intermediates, Kinetics, And Stability, Kyle Whitham
WWU Graduate School Collection
Biochemistry has seen advancements in methods and understanding of the inner workings of proteins, yet biochemists struggle to see real time reaction pathways of protein intermediates. This is where computational chemistry comes in and fills in the holes in knowledge through the use of Quantum Mechanical (QM) models. QM chemistry alone does not give results in a reasonable timescale to predict protein chemistry in a reasonable amount of time. Computational chemistry methods such as Quantum mechanical (QM)/ Molecular Mechanical (MM) (QM/MM), allow us to split the in-silico system into two regions that utilize a fast MM force field region and …
Generations Of Stewards: Re-Indigenizing Youth Leadership, Learning, And Conservation Education, Drew Slaney
Generations Of Stewards: Re-Indigenizing Youth Leadership, Learning, And Conservation Education, Drew Slaney
WWU Graduate School Collection
My thesis is an exploratory case study into epistemologies (or worldviews) supported by organizations and agencies that develop outdoor conservation and education programs for Native youth called Native Youth Stewardship Programs (NYSPs). This subject relies on the content developed by Medin and Bang (2014) who state that an under-representation of Indigenous peoples in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields is largely the result of epistemological conflicts between educators and Indigenous students. I hypothesize that there is a considerable epistemological difference between the conservation entities developing programs to engage Native youth. These differences may create significant barriers with youth recruitment, …
The Race Toward Carbon Neutral Ecotourism: Leveraging Life Cycle Analysis And Natural Climate Solutions For A Community Adventure Event, Ted Tarricone
The Race Toward Carbon Neutral Ecotourism: Leveraging Life Cycle Analysis And Natural Climate Solutions For A Community Adventure Event, Ted Tarricone
WWU Graduate School Collection
Global tourism is an interconnected framework of multiple industries that is influenced by and has impacts on economic, social, and environmental structures. Currently, tourism accounts for roughly 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, which is expected to grow with industry expansion. To develop a scalable system for ecotourism assessment, emission reduction, and solutions to meet carbon neutrality, a small (n=3894 participants) adventure relay race named Ski to Sea in Bellingham, WA was studied. A life cycle analysis (LCA) conducted on the race showed similar proportional results to other tourism LCAs, where transport made up over 80% of the 325 tonnes …
A Mixed-Methods Study Of Geoscience Identity, Race/Ethnicity, And Gender In Senior Undergraduate Geoscience Majors, Willa Rowan
A Mixed-Methods Study Of Geoscience Identity, Race/Ethnicity, And Gender In Senior Undergraduate Geoscience Majors, Willa Rowan
WWU Graduate School Collection
I conducted a mixed methods study of geoscience identity in undergraduate students to examine the cultural and social aspects of geoscience degree programs. White students are overrepresented in geoscience, and a priority of anti-racism efforts in the field is listening to the experiences of students who are Black, Indigenous, or people of color (BIPOC) to better inform equity and inclusion goals. Structural racism in geoscience pushes BIPOC students out of the field, and it can be better understood by studying socially constructed aspects of learning such as geoscience identity. This study is the first to measure geoscience identity with a …
Using Camera-Monitored Sediment Traps To Evaluate Sediment Availability And The Role Of Waves In Resuspending Seafloor Sediment, Bellingham Bay, Wa, Liam Horner
WWU Graduate School Collection
Understanding nearshore sediment budgets and processes is important for evaluating coastal hazards, habitats, and contaminant fate to enable informed decisions in coastal planning and management. I aimed to evaluate the role of waves in resuspending and redistributing sediments and by proxy contaminants in the urban/estuarine Bellingham Bay, and better understand the transport and rate of fluvial sediment moving through the nearshore. I integrated analyses using camera-mounted sediment traps, seafloor grain-size data, short-lived radioisotopes, and other fluvial, physical oceanographic, and wind data. I paired cameras with sediment traps, to identify the timing and rate of sedimentation on the seafloor at hourly …
Class A Sortases: Structures And Alternative Substrate Binding And Cleavage, Brandon Vogel
Class A Sortases: Structures And Alternative Substrate Binding And Cleavage, Brandon Vogel
WWU Graduate School Collection
Sortases, consisting of classes A-F, are cysteine transpeptidases found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. They play a crucial role in ligating proteins to the cell wall that are responsible for cell adhesion, immune evasion, host cell invasion, and nutrient acquisition through a transpeptidation reaction. Consequently, they are an attractive therapeutic target. Class A sortases are also utilized in protein engineering applications such as sortase-mediated ligations and sortagging. Despite extensive research in the past two decades, gaps persist in understanding how class A sortases recognize their substrates, primarily due to a lack of structural information on sortases non-covalently bound …
Connections Between Eruption Style And Magmatic Reservoir Evolution: Insights From Augustine Volcano, Alaska, Usa, Mahinaokalani G. Robbins
Connections Between Eruption Style And Magmatic Reservoir Evolution: Insights From Augustine Volcano, Alaska, Usa, Mahinaokalani G. Robbins
WWU Graduate School Collection
At a single volcano, eruptive behavior can change through time as the plumbing system evolves. Augustine Volcano, a frequently active intermediate stratovolcano in the Alaska-Aleutian arc (USA), is an ideal setting to investigate magma reservoir processes due to its frequent modern and Holocene eruption history. Its most recent 2006 CE eruption included mixed effusive and moderately explosive (VEI 3) events and has been studied in detail. Proximal fall deposits from this eruption were generally mixed fine ash to lapilli with variable thickness, but typically ~5 cm on the island (Wallace et al., 2010). The Pre-contact “Tephra M” was deposited by …
Using Chemical Zoning In Minerals To Understand Magmatic Processes At Augustine Volcano, Alaska, Sloane Kennedy
Using Chemical Zoning In Minerals To Understand Magmatic Processes At Augustine Volcano, Alaska, Sloane Kennedy
WWU Graduate School Collection
The eruption behavior of a volcano is intrinsically linked to magmatic evolution. Augustine Volcano is an active stratovolcano in the Aleutian Arc (AK, USA), showing stratigraphic evidence that eruptions before 1,800 C.E. were more explosive, producing thick pumice deposits, compared to the six eruptions observed in the last 200 years. Tephra B, an understudied ~400-year-old pumice fall unit, represents the last more explosive style eruption at Augustine - making it ideal for studying how changes in magmatic evolution can result in changes in eruption style. For this thesis, I used textural zoning patterns and chemical variations (major and trace elements) …
Structural And Thermodynamic Studies Of Antibody Binding To Blood Coagulation Factor Viii, Jordan Vaughan
Structural And Thermodynamic Studies Of Antibody Binding To Blood Coagulation Factor Viii, Jordan Vaughan
WWU Graduate School Collection
Blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is a 2332 residue glycoprotein expressed in endothelial cells and plays a significant role in the formation of blood clots. Structurally, FVIII’s domains are organized as A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2. The absence or deficiency of FVIII in the bloodstream gives rise to Hemophilia A; an X-linked bleeding disorder affecting 1 in 5000 males worldwide. To combat this deficiency, patients undergo FVIII replacement therapy which involves frequent injections of FVIII into the bloodstream in the form of blood, plasma, or protein concentrates. Although effective, this treatment commonly results in the development of anti-FVIII inhibitory antibodies in approximately 20-30% of …