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A Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (Hem-3d) : Description Of Water Quality And Sediment Process Submodels, Kyeong Park, Albert Y. Kuo, Jian Shen, John M. Hamrick

Reports

Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) has been developing a general purpose three-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code (EFDC; Hamrick 1992). The real-time model simulates density and topographically-induced circulation as well as tidal and wind-driven flows, and spatial and temporal distributions of salinity, temperature and sediment concentration. The model also is capable of handling the wetting and drying of shallow area, hydraulic control structures, vegetation resistance for wetlands and Lagrangian particle tracking. The information of physical transport processes, both advective and diffusive, simulated by the hydrodynamic model can be used to account for the transport …

Directional Wave Observations, Thimble Shoal Light, September 19, 1994 To March 13, 1995, John D. Boon

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water conservation, has identified as one of its major goals the systematic study of hydrodynamic processes that affect recreational, shoreline and benthic resources in the coastal zone of the Commonwealth. As one component of the Virginia Coastal Information Program, a wave climatology project was initiated in 1988 with support from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency's Coastal Zone Management Program administered by the Virginia Council on the Environment. Directional wave observations were begun on a seasonal schedule (fall, winter, spring) …

Water Quality Conditions In The Tidal Rappahannock River: Longitudinal And Dome Surveys In 1993, Kyeong Park, Albert Y. Kuo

Reports

Previous field surveys and modeling studies (Kuo et al. 1991; Park et al. 1993) indicated the presence of three different water quality regimes in the tidal Rappahannock River (Fig. 1), a western shore tributary of Chesapeake Bay: : Region I - hypoxic conditions during summer in the bottom water between km 0-55 : Region II - high chlorophyll concentration between km 80-147 : Region III - waste water discharges from sewage treatment plants To study the differences among these 3 reaches of the river, two types of field surveys were conducted during the summer of 1993: 1) longitudinal surveys in …

Directional Wave Observations, Thimble Shoal Light, October 19, 1993 To April 14, 1994, John D. Boon, D. A. Hepworth

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water conservation, has identified as one of its major goals the systematic study of hydrodynamic processes that affect recreational, shoreline and benthic resources in the coastal zone of the Commonwealth. As one component of the Virginia Coastal Information Program, a wave climatology project was initiated in 1988 with support from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency's Coastal Zone Management Program administered by the Virginia Council on the Environment. Directional wave observations were begun on a seasonal schedule (fall, winter, spring) …

Virginia Beach Offshore Sediment Study, C. R. Berquist Jr., Naomi Gomillion

Reports

This investigation was initiated from discussions among members of the Minerals Management Service-Virginia Task Force in an effort to locate a nearby and offshore source of beach-quality sand for the resort strip at Virginia Beach. Because of the increasing difficulty of relying upon land-based material, attention has been focused on investigating offshore sources. Previous work (Kimball and others, 1991) suggests an offshore deposit of beach-quality sands is located on a shoal between 3 and 8 km east of Sandbridge. Planned vibracoring on this shoal during the fall of 1993 should establish the viability of the sand occurrence. Although material from …

Chesapeake Bay Wave Climate : Wolf Trap Wave Station, Report And Summary Of Wave Observations November 6, 1989 Through August 2, 1990, John D. Boon, D. A. Hepworth, F. H. Farmer

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, has identified as one of its major goals the systematic study of hydrodynamic processes that affect recreational, shoreline and benthic resources in the coastal zone of the Commonwealth. In pursuit of that goal, a long-term study of the wave climate in the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay was initiated in 1988 with support from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration through the Coastal Zone Management Program administered by the Virginia Council on the Environment (Grant No. NA89AA-D-CZ134).

A Three-Dimensional Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code : Theoretical And Computational Aspects, John M. Hamrick

Reports

This report describes and documents the theoretical and computational aspects of a three-dimensional computer code for environmental fluid flows. The code solves the three-dimensional primitive variable v1ertically hydrostatic equations of motion for turbulent flow in a coordinate system which is curvilinear and orthogonal in the horizontal plane and stretched to follow bottom topography and free surface displacement in the vertical direction which is aligned with the gravitational vector. A second moment turbulence closure scheme relates turbulent viscosity and diffusivity to the turbulence intensity and a turbulence length scale. Transport equations for the turbulence intensity and length scale as well as …

Sediment Characterization Of Chesaapeake Bay And Its Tributaries, Maynard M. Nichols, S. C. Kim, C. M. Brouwer

Reports

Sediment characterizations for the following estuaries and rivers:

• Chesapeake Bay
• Potomac River
• Rappahannock River
• York River
• James River
• Chester River
• Choptank River

Study Of Economic Heavy Minerals Of The Virginia Inner Continental Shelf, C. R. Berquist, C. H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

No abstract provided.

Cross-Shoreface Suspended Sediment Transport : A Response To The Interaction Of Nearshore And Shelf Processes, Fall 1994 Duck, Nc Field Experiment, D. A. Hepworth, Carl T. Friedrichs, John Brubaker

Reports

Deployment : The tripods were assembled, tested and secured onboard the RIV Sea Diver, which left the Little Creek Amphibious Base in Norfolk, Virginia early on 26 September. While underway to the deployment site, the continuous surface water conductivity and temperature survey was run and several CTD casts were made. The tripods were deployed on 26 September and secured to the sea floor with sand anchors by VIMS divers. The R/V Sea Diver then began the series of on/off shore transects at the tripod deployment site for approximately 12 hours. The vessel returned to port on 27 September .

Recovery: …

Reconnaissance Of Economic Heavy Minerals Of The Virginia Inner Continental Shelf, C. R. Berquist, C. H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

No abstract provided.

Shoreface And Beach Dynamics Of The Coastal Region From Cape Henry To False Cape, Virginia, L. D. Wright, C. S. Kim, C. S. Hardaway Jr., S. M. Kimball, M. O. Green

Reports

The processes which drive the beach and nearshore changes vary considerably in space and time. The spatial variability is the result of modulations of waves and wave induced processes by the complex topography of the shoreface and inner shelf fronting the beaches. In this study we employed a state-of-the-art computer model to evaluate the nature of these modifications and their impact on coastal processes. The model estimates wave modifications by shoaling, refraction, diffraction. and loss of wave energy by frictional interaction with the bottom.

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics : A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes, L. D. Wright, N. C. Shi, John D. Boon

Reports

The long-term goal of the project has been to develop improved, accurate predictability of nearshore, surf zone, and beach hydrodynamic and morphologic assemblages, based on lucidation of the universal principles governing nearshore and surf zone morphodynamic behavior.

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics: A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes. Appendix 6. Standing Waves On A Pronounced Bar Trough Beach, Nungjane C. Shi, L. D. Wright

Reports

The hypothesis that a pronounced bar-trough surf zone topography favors resonance of standing waves with antinodes located over the bar is examined. Numerical and field investigations of standing waves in a bar-trough surf zone suggest a selective trapping of wave energy at specific resonant frequencies in the subharmonic and the high frequency infragravity bands and a possible suppression of lower frequencies. The resonant frequencies predicted by the numerical model remain fairly constant throughtout the tidal cycle due to the small tidal range typically associated with a bar-trough beach. Cross-shore bar migration changes the resonant frequencies. Numerical simulations show that an …

Summary Report On The Calibration Of The Water Quality Models Of The Chesapeake Bay System, H. S. Chen, Paul V. Hyer, Y. Unkulvasapaul, Bruce Neilson

Reports

The intended use of the water quality model was to predict the levels of important water quality parameters. in particular the dissolved oxygen levels and the algal populations. for alternative sets of nutrient loadings. The goals of the present modelling study were to apply appropriate models to the Chesapeake Bay system. to adjust the models so that they accurately simulated conditions in the prototype and to use those models to predict conditions under a number of nutrient loading scenarios. This report provides a summary of the work done to satisfy the first two of those three objectives.

Seasat Sar Test Of The Virginian Sea Wave Climate Model, John C. Munday Jr., Christopher S. Welch, George R. Mapp

Reports

Coastal wave refraction imaged by the Seasat Synthetic Aperture Radar is compared to simulations produced by the Virginian Sea Wave Climate Model. Seasat SAR passes 974 at Cape Hatteras, and 974 and 1404 at Long Island, were examined using OFT and ZTS methods. Results generally confirm the validity of linear wave theory in modeling of shallow-water wave refraction --roughly half the deviations between VSWCM and SAR data for direction and wavelength are within 2 degrees and 10 meters. Convergence of wave orthogonals is found in predicted caustic regions. Available bathymetric data were adequate for the analysis. Some details in the …

Ware River Intensive Watershed Study - Part 2. Estuarine Receiving Water Quality, Cindy Bosco, Gary F. Anderson, Bruce Neilson

Reports

The Ware River Intensive Watershed Study contains results of runoff from small catchments, instream transport of runoff and the impacts on estuarine water quality, which are contained in two volumes: 1. Nonpoint Source Pollution and 2. Estuarine Receiving Water Quality

Estuarine Studies: The Ware River is a relatively "clean" estuarine system. However, during summer months some of the nutrients, particularly inorganic phosphorous and organic nitrogen, achieve levels associated with moderate enrichment. The Ware is typical of other small tributaries of Chesapeake Bay: nutrient levels are higher at low tide, the estuary is more homogenous laterally than longitudinally, and vertical gradients …

Ware River Intensive Watershed Study- Part 1. Nonpoint Source Contributions, Gary F. Anderson, Cindy Bosco, Bruce Neilson

Reports

Runoff quantity and quality were monitored for row crop, residential and forested lands in the Ware basin for the period of October 1979 to July 1981. Loading rates have been calculated for both baseflow and stormflow contributions at each study site.

Baseline Sediment Studies To Determine Distribution, Physical Properties, Sedimentation Budgets And Rates In The Virginia Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay : Final Report, Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, Michael J. Carron

Reports

No abstract provided.

Report To The Coastal Erosion Abatement Commission Commonwealth Of Virginia Concerning The Inventory Of Sand Supplies In The Southern Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, Robert A. Gammish

Reports

In its report to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia (Senate Document No. 4, Commonwealth of Virginia, 1979), the Coastal Erosion Abatement Commission found that "there is a need to locate sources of sand supplies for rebuilding public beaches. Certain bottom areas in the lower Chesapeake Bay should be studied as possible sources of sand supply for public beaches." And toward that end, the Commission recommended that "The School of Marine Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, study and analyze possible sources of sand supply in the lower Chesapeake Bay and vicinity for …

Eolian Sedimentation In Coastal Areas, Victor Goldsmith

Reports

The importance of eolian deposition in coastal areas is clearly demonstrated by the size and bulk of coastal sand dunes in many of these areas. The dune fields of Coos Bay, Oregon (Fig. :1), the southern end of Lake Michigan (Fig. 2) and the Cape Cod dune fields southeast of Provincetown (Fig. 3) and on Sandy Neck (Fig. 4) are just a few outstanding examples. Smaller sand dune accumulations are a:1:1 integral part of almost all depositional coasts. More subtle form of eolian deposition on beaches, marshes, intertidal sand beaches, and in shallow bays and estuaries may not be as …

Skylab Mss Vs. Photography For Estuarine Water Color Classification, Hayden H. Gordon, Maynard M. Nichols

Reports

On September 12, 1973 at 12:09 EST, the Skylab III satellite passed over the Chesapeake Bay and sensed energy containing information about a large section of the estuary. On the same day scientists from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science simultaneously gathered data in the Rappahannock River, a tributary of the Bay, to determine the physical characteristics of the surface water.

Physical And Geological Studies Of The Proposed Bridge-Tunnel Crossing Of Hampton Roads Near Craney Island, C. S. Fang, B. J. Neilson, A. Y. Kuo, R. J. Byrne, C. S. Welch

Reports

Part 1: James River Hydraulic Model Tests

Part 2: Impact on Shoreline, Hampton Flats and Newport News Point Area

Part 3: Drogue Study, Hampton Flats and Newport News Point

Part 4: Hydraulic Model Test Results