Digital Commons Network^™

Assessment Of Landsat For Rangeland Mapping, Rush Valley, Utah, United States, National Aeronautics And Space Administration

Range Management

The objective of this investigation is to assess the feasibility of using Landsat MSS (multispectral scanner) data to identify and map cover types for rangeland, and to determine comparative condition of the ecotypes. A supporting objective is to assess the utility of various forms of aerial photography in the process.

If rangeland can be efficiently mapped with Landsat data, as supported by appropriate aerial photography and field data, then uniform standards of cover classification and condition may be applied across the rangelands of the state. Further, a foundation may be established for long-term monitoring of range trend, using the same …

High Recovery Desalting Of Brackish Water By Electrodialysis: Field Tests At Yuma Desalting Test Facility & At La Verkin Springs, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Water

An ED (electrodialysis pilot plant achieved high desalting recoveries of nearly 95 percent at the YDTF (Yuma Desalting Test Facility, Arizona) and 92 percent at LVS (La Verkin Springs, Utah) during over 4000 hours of operation. Brine TDS (total dissolved solids) concentrations of nearly 100 000 g/m³ were obtained at LVS, which is a greater brine concentration than is possible using RO (reverse osmosis). The LVS required ED energy (while producing a product TDS concentration of about 1000 g/m³) is estimated to be about one-third the energy requirements of a commercially available distillation brine concentrator. Lowering product …

An Integrated Gis/Remote Sensing Data Base In North Cache Soil Conservation District, Utah: A Pilot Project For The Utah Department Of Agricultures Rims (Resource Inventory And Monitoring System), Douglas J. Wheeler, Merrill K. Ridd, John A. Merola

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The RIMS program is designed "To provide SCD (Soil Conservation District) supervisory with adequate data about agriculture and related natural resources of their district and to use this data for district responsibilities" (Utah Department of Agriculture 1984). The department's guidelines for RIMS go on to describe SCD responsibilities for short and long-term conservation inputs into various state resource plans, giving direction to Agriculture Resource Development Loan fund programs, and giving direction to SCD programs. The guidelines emphasize the established institutional role of the SCD as a local body to deal with local resource issues in the context of a regional …

String Induced Space Compactification, P. G. Freund, P. Oh, James Thomas Wheeler

All Physics Faculty Publications

Motivated by the possibility of a finite theory of gravity provided by superstrings in ten space-time dimensions, we analyze the problem of space compactification in the context of string dynamics. Such an analysis is hampered by conceptual and technical problems, stemming from the existence of the quantum string's own graviton mode on the one hand, and from Witten's observation of anomalies in a not specially chosen curves space-time on the other hand. Still, in the context of a classical local field presentation of string theory à la Nambu and Hosotani, supplemented by gravitational and Kalb-Ramond interactions, we are able to …

The Spectral Momentum Density Of Amorphous Carbon From (E, 2e) Spectroscopy, A. L. Ritter, John R. Dennison, R. Jones

All Physics Faculty Publications

The spectral momentum density of the valence band of an amorphous carbon film has been measured by (e, 2e) spectroscopy. Two "bands," energy as a function of momentum, are resolved. One extends from 23 eV below the Fermi energy to about 10 eV below E_F. The other, ∼ 9 eV below E_F, does not disperse significantly. Although the existence of diamond bonding in the film cannot be ruled out, the bands are more suggestive of the graphite band structure.

A Statistical Comparison Of A Direct Filtration And A Conventional Water Treatment Facility In The Intermountain Region, Susan K. Burns, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Interest in low-cost direct filtration facilities and their effectiveness in treating the potable water sources of the Intermountain Region is increasing as the need for treated water supplies increase. Direct filtration is a water treatment scheme which does not include sedimentation and in some cases flocculation. Compared to conventional treatment, direct filtration has lowered capital costs, reduced space requirement, and decreased sludge quantities. Moreover, the direct filtration process may offer large reductions in coagulant dosages and costs.

Currently information comparing a direct filtration system to a conventional water treatment system in the Intermountain area is not readily available. The specific …

Onset Of Oscillations In Rayleigh-Benard Convection: Horizontally Unbounded Slab, Boyd F. Edwards, A. L. Fetter

All Physics Faculty Publications

Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a laterally unbounded classical fluid layer with low Prandtl number P (ratio of kinematic viscosity to thermal diffusivity) is reexamined. An amplitude expansion with only a few normal modes yields lateral oscillations of the convective rolls, which are therefore only weakly nonlinear. For free boundary conditions, additional modes (absent for rigid boundaries) lead to long wavelength (‘‘hydrodynamic’’) oscillations, with explicit nonlinear distortions in the velocity and temperature fields. For oscillations with rigid boundaries, the finite critical wavenumbers are approximately independent of P for small P, and the calculated Rayleigh number, frequency, and wavenumber at onset agree well …

Mix Design Investigation - Roller Compacted Concrete Construction, Upper Stillwater Dam, Utah, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Dams

Upper Stillwater Dam will be the first concrete dam constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation utilizing the RCC (roller compacted concrete) construction technique. RCC is concrete with zero slump consistency, which is deposited in horizontal lifts and consolidated in place by a smooth drum vibrating roller. This method of construction was first proposed in the early 1970's [1, 2, 3]* and was demonstrated successfully in emergency spillway repairs at Tarbela Dam, Pakistan [3], in the construction of Shimajigawa Dam, Japan, and Willow Creek Dam, Oregon.

Sunlight And Plants, Some Pursuits In Physiological Ecology, Martyn M. Caldwell

Faculty Honor Lectures

A physiological ecologist, as the name suggests, focuses on the interface between plant physiology and the ecology of individual organisms. Yet, one in this field should know something about disciplines ranging from physiology, or in the case of the subject of this lecture, even photochemistry, to the study of entire ecosystems.

Flood Insurance Study, City Of Cedar City, Utah, Iron County

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Cedar City, Iron County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study will be used to convert Cedar City to the regular program of flood insurance by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Local and regional planners will use this study in their efforts to promote sound flood plain management.

An Spectrometer For Investigating The Spectral Momentum Density Of Thin Films, A. L. Ritter, John R. Dennison, J. Dunn

All Physics Faculty Publications

An (e, 2e) spectrometer has been constructed for detecting scattered and recoiling electrons from a thin solid film. The cross section for observing the two electrons in coincidence is proportional to the spectral momentum density of the target. In this spectrometer the energy of the incident electron beam is 25 keV and the beam current is approximately 40 μA. The energy resolution (FWHM) is ≤4 eV. The momentum resolution (FWHM) can be varied from 0.2 to 1.0 Å⁻¹. Preliminary coincidence data from an amorphous carbon film are presented.

Studies Of Dispersion Energy In Hydrogen‐Bonded Systems. H2o–Hoh, H2o–Hf, H3n–Hf, Hf–Hf, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Dispersion energy is calculated in the systems H₂O–HOH, H₂O–HF, H₃N–HF, and HF–HF as a function of the intermolecular separation using a variety of methods. M≂ller–Plesset perturbation theory to second and third orders is applied in conjunction with polarized basis sets of 6‐311G∗∗ type and with an extended basis set including a second set of polarization functions (DZ+2P). These results are compared to a multipole expansion of the dispersion energy, based on the Unsöld approximation, carried out to the inverse tenth power of the intermolecular distance. Pairwise evaluation is also carried out using both atom–atom …

Proton Transfers Between First‐ And Second‐Row Atoms: (H2ohsh2)+ And (H3nhsh2)+, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Ab initio molecular orbital methods are used to study the transfer of the central proton along the hydrogen bonds in (H₂OHSH₂)⁺ and (H₃NHSH₂)⁺. Proton transfer potentials are generated using the 4‐31G∗ basis set at the Hartree–Fock level for various values for the hydrogen bond length R(XS). Full geometry optimizations are carried out at each stage of proton transfer. The barrier to proton transfer increases as the hydrogen bond is lengthened. For a given bond length, the highest barriers are observed for transfer from …

Ab Initio Comparison Of H Bonds And Li Bonds. Complexes Of Lif, Licl, Hf, And Hcl With Nh3, Z. Latajka, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations are carried out on the complexes H₃N–LiF, H₃N–LiCl and their analogs H₃N–HF and H₃N–HCl as well as the isolated subunits. Double‐zeta basis sets, augmented by two sets of polarization functions, are used in conjunction with second‐order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) for evaluation of electron correlation effects. The Li bonds are found to be substantially stronger than their H‐bonding counterparts, due in large measure to the greater dipole moments of the LiX subunits. Correlation has a large effect on the geometry and energetics of …

Theoretical Study Of H2o–Hf And H2o–Hcl: Comparison With Experiment, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner, Y. Bouteiller

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The H bonds in H₂O–HF and H₂O–HCl are studied and compared using ab initio molecular orbital methods and the results compared to experimental data. Basis sets used are: (i) triple valence 6‐311G∗∗ and (ii) double ζ with two sets of polarization functions. Electron correlation, included via second‐ and third‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, is found to have profound effects on both systems, particularly H₂O–HCl. Both H bonds are strengthened substantially with a concomitant reduction in length. H‐bond energies and geometries calculated at correlated levels are in excellent accord with …

Ab Initio Study Of Fh–Ph3 And Clh–Ph3 Including The Effects Of Electron Correlation, Z. Latajka, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations are carried out for FH–PH₃ and ClH–PH₃ using a basis set including two sets of polarization functions. Electron correlation is incorporated via Møller–Plesset perturbation theory to second and (in part) to third orders. The basis set is tested and found to produce satisfactory treatments of subsystem properties including geometries and dipole moments as well as the proton affinity and inversion barrier of PH₃. Electron correlation is observed to markedly enhance the interaction between PH₃ and the hydrogen halides. Its contribution to the complexation energy is 30% …

Central Utah Project, Bonneville Unit: Diamond Fork Power System: Final Environmental Impact Statement, Forest Service; Western Area Power Administration; United States

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Socioeconomic Data Base Report For The Paradox Basin, Utah, Bechtel National, Inc.

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Development Of Structured Regression Hypotheses Interactive/Descriptive Geometry Through Five Dimensions, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Miscellaney

Regression hypotheses admitted to statistical evaluation should, of course, be germain to relations between the variables considered. This constraint is easily violated with the screening of arbitrarily adopted sets of hypotheses. Sequential polynomials in additive models, for example, may include components that are not commensurate with expectation (prior knowledge) and may not include those that are (e.g., unique interaction terms) and, since the analytical results from the screening of meaningless hypotheses may themselves be meaningless, there is substantial incentive for serious preanalysis consideration of the hypotheses to be evaluated.

Crop-Tree Thinning A 50-Year-Old Western Larch Stand: 25-Year Results, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

This paper describes study results after 25 years of crop-tree thinning in a western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) pole stand in western Montana. Five 1/2-acre plots were established in the Petty Creek drainage, Lolo National Forest, at an elevation of 4,200 feet above sea level. Western larch site index of the study area was 52 feet at 50 years. The stand was 50 years old when the study began in 1949. Two plots were thinned by the D+4 Rule, two by the Crown Rule, and one was left unthinned as a control. After 25 years, periodic diameter, basal area, and …

Tree Diameter Measurements At English And Metric Standard Heights: A Comparison, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

The impact of measuring trees at 1.3 m versus 1.37 m heights above ground line was analyzed. The results indicate that the difference in diameter measurement taken at the two points averages around 1 percent. An equation for converting from English diameter at breast height to the metric equivalent of 1.3 m is presented.

Effect Of Small Aspen Clearcuts On Water Yield And Water Quality, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Streamflow and water quality were monitored in a paired watershed study involving the removal of 20 percent of the aspen (on 13 percent of the area) in five small clearcuts from a 217-acre (88-ha) catchment. There were no significant changes in peak flow, timing, or annual yield during the 4 years of posttreatment monitoring. Significant changes in pH, calcium, magnesium, and nitrates in the snowmelt streamflow from ephemeral subdrainages occurred the second year after cutting. At least some of the differences were attributed to the chemistry of the 1976-77 snowfall, which was also significantly different from snow sampled in the …

Prehistory Of Long Valley, Idaho, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Archaeology/Anthropology

This thesis deals with a group of artifact collections gathered by local amateurs from a series of sites along the western shoreline of Cascade Reservoir. This study uses these artifacts as a basis to put together a preliminary view of Long Valley prehistory. Outlines of the basic artifact types are formulated and placed into a chronology based upon typological comparisons and obsidian hydration. Previous archaeological work, the ethnohistory, and local geology of the valley are discussed and related ot the sites, used in this study, in order to determine their patterns and characteristics. From these efforts directions for further research …

Effects Of Basis Set And Electron Correlation On The Calculated Properties Of The Ammonia Dimer, Z. Latajka, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations are carried out for (NH₃)₂ with a 6‐31G∗∗(1p,2d) basis set containing diffuse polarization functions. Electron correlation is included via second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). At the SCF level, the equilibrium R(NN) distance is 3.54 Å and the interaction energy is −2.35 kcal/mol. Inclusion of correlation enhances the attraction substantially, increasing the energy to −4.05 kcal/mol and reducing the intermolecular separation by 0.20 Å. Comparison with previous results at the SCF level demonstrates a variety of errors including exaggerated dipole moments, underestimation of polarization …

The Impact Of Nitrification On Soil Acidification And Cation Leaching In A Red Alder Ecosystem, H. Van Miegroet, D. W. Cole

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of internal nitrification on soil and soil solution acidity and on the rate of nutrient export through NO3– mediated leaching. This was achieved by comparing soil chemical properties and soil solution composition within a naturally N-rich red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) ecosystem to those of an adjacent Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesil (Mirbel) Franco] forest where soil N levels were significantly lower and no measurable HNO3 production could be observed. In the red alder system, where > 100 kg ha–1 yr–1 of N were added through symbiotic N2 fixation, the net annual NO3– …

Field Tests Of Elk/Timber Coordination Guidelines, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

During the summers of 1980 and 1981, field validation tests were conducted in 11 different areas in Montana and northern Idaho. The objectives of this research were (1) to evaluate several common methods of determining cover/forage ratios, (2) to evaluate several different road-influence models, and (3) to determine the combination of cover/forage function and road model that best describes actual elk selection among different available habitats.

The Sleeping Child Burn - 21 Years Of Postfire Change, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

In early August 1961, more than 26,000 acres (10,500 ha) of upper montane and subalpine forest on the Bitterroot National Forest burned in a lightning-caused wildfire. At the time, the Sleeping Child Burn represented the single largest forest fire in the Northern Rocky Mountains in more than 20 years. Historically, large wildfires have not been uncommon in this region: but after two decades of successful forest fire suppression, the Sleeping Child was treated as an event almost without precedent. Not only was reseeding and rehabilitation an immediate concern, a substantial effort was invested in attempting to return the burned area …

Flood Insurance Study, City Of Logan, Utah, Cache County, Federal Emergency Management Agency

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Logan, Cache County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study will be used to convert Logan to the regular program of flood insurance by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Local and regional planners will use this study in their efforts to promote sound flood plain management.

New Concepts For Preliminary Hydropower Design: The Powermax Slope, Binary Turbine Sizing, And Static Regain, Frank W. Haws, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

In Utah during the 1960s, the cost of producing electrical energy was as much, or in some cases more, by hydroelectric generation than by plants using steam from coal fired boilers. The relatively high hydropower cost was generally attributed to maintenance and replacement costs associated with plants that had been build in the 1920s. Utah Power & Light Company during the 1960 period decided not to renew power licenses and to abandon many small hdyroplants. Since 1973, rising coal and related fossil fuel costs have caused steam generation costs to accelerate and have made hydroelectric generation relatively more attractive. However, …

Use Of The Hewlett-Packard 9810 Calculator System In Water Quality Analysis, Jerald S. Fifield

Reports

Introduction: It is the purpose of this manual to illustrate the utilization of the Hewlett-Packard, Model 9810A calculator for analyzing water quality data. Familiarization of each program's capabilities is essential for successful application, thus the user should read over the section used before beginning. Each section is complete with instructions and illustrative examples.