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Fabrication Of Integrated Optofluidic Circuits In Chalcogenide Glass Using Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing, Troy P. Anderson
Fabrication Of Integrated Optofluidic Circuits In Chalcogenide Glass Using Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing, Troy P. Anderson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) is a versatile process that uses focused femtosecond pulses to modify the physical structure of a material, which can result in a shift of optical properties such as the linear and nonlinear refractive index. If the photon energy of the femtosecond pulses lies below the material bandgap, nonlinear absorption rather than linear absorption becomes the dominant mechanism of energy transfer to the material. In this manner, a focused femtosecond pulse train can be used to fabricate functional features such as optical waveguides, diffractive optical elements, or micro-fluidic elements within the volume of a transparent medium. …
Development Of Reductive Metal Systems For The Degradation Of Energetic Compounds (Tatp, Tnt, And Rdx), Rebecca L. Albo
Development Of Reductive Metal Systems For The Degradation Of Energetic Compounds (Tatp, Tnt, And Rdx), Rebecca L. Albo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP), a cyclic peroxide explosive, is frequently used by terrorists and amateur chemists due to the ease of synthesis and the availability of reagents. TATP is extremely sensitive to shock, heat, and friction thus a safe and rapid method for treating TATP is needed. The major objective of this dissertation was to develop in situ methodologies that could safely degrade TATP in various field situations. Initial studies focused on using zero-valent metals and mechanically alloyed metals to decompose TATP samples in both aqueous and organic solutions. The metal systems tested included zero-valent iron, magnesium, and magnesium bimetal, Mg/Pd. …
Experimental And Theoretical Approaches To Characterization Of Electronic Nonlinearities In Direct-Gap Semiconductors, Claudiu Cirloganu
Experimental And Theoretical Approaches To Characterization Of Electronic Nonlinearities In Direct-Gap Semiconductors, Claudiu Cirloganu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The general goal of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive description of the limitations of established theories on bound electronic nonlinearities in direct-gap semiconductors by performing various experiments on wide and narrow bandgap semiconductors along with developing theoretical models. Nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) is studied in several semiconductors showing orders of magnitude enhancement over the degenerate counterpart. In addition, three-photon absorption (3PA) is studied in ZnSe and other semiconductors and a new theory using a Kane 4-band model is developed which fits new data well. Finally, the narrow gap semiconductor InSb is studied with regard to multiphoton absorption, free-carrier …
Search For Gas Giants Around Late-M Dwarfs, Rohit Deshpande
Search For Gas Giants Around Late-M Dwarfs, Rohit Deshpande
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We carried out a near-infrared radial velocity search for Jupiter-mass planets around 36 late M dwarfs. This survey was the first of its kind undertaken to monitor radial velocity variability of these faint dwarfs. For this unique survey we employed the 10-m Keck II on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. With a resolution of 20,000 on the near-infrared spectrograph, NIRSPEC, we monitored these stars over four epochs in 2007. In addition to the measurement of relative radial velocity we established physical properties of these stars. The physical properties of M dwarfs we determined included the identification of neutral atomic lines, the …
Using Landscape Genetics To Assess Population Connectivity In A Habitat Generalist, Tyler Duncan Hether
Using Landscape Genetics To Assess Population Connectivity In A Habitat Generalist, Tyler Duncan Hether
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the nature of genetic variation in natural populations is an underlying theme of population genetics. In recent years population genetics has benefited from the incorporation of landscape and environmental data into pre-existing models of isolation by distance (IBD) to elucidate features influencing spatial genetic variation. Many of these landscape genetics studies have focused on populations separated by discrete barriers (e.g., mountain ridges) or species with specific habitat requirements (i.e., habitat specialists). One difficulty in using a landscape genetics approach for taxa with less stringent habitat requirements (i.e., generalists) is the lack of obvious barriers to gene flow and preference …
Novel Improvements On The Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Metabolites, Wang Huiyong
Novel Improvements On The Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Metabolites, Wang Huiyong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation preconcentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and …
Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of New Two-Photon Absorbing (2pa) Fluorescent Dyes And Bioconjugates, And Their Applications In Bioimaging, Carolina D. Andrade
Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of New Two-Photon Absorbing (2pa) Fluorescent Dyes And Bioconjugates, And Their Applications In Bioimaging, Carolina D. Andrade
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development of new multiphoton absorbing materials has attracted the attention of researchers for the last two decades. The advantages that multiphoton absorbing materials offer, versus their one-photon absorbing counterparts, rely on the nature of the nonlinearity of the absorption process, where two photons are absorbed simultaneously offering increased 3D resolution, deeper penetration, and less photobleaching and photodamage as a result of a more confined excitation. The applications of efficient two-photon absorbing materials have been extensively expanding into the fields of photodynamic therapy, microscopy, and optical data storage. One of the fields where an increased interest in multiphoton absorbing materials …
Application Of Antenna Synthesis And Digital Signal Processing Techniques For Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging Systems, Wilson Ariel Caba
Application Of Antenna Synthesis And Digital Signal Processing Techniques For Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging Systems, Wilson Ariel Caba
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Millimeter-wave imaging has gathered attention in recent years for its ability to penetrate clothing, thin layers of soils, and certain construction materials. However, image quality remains a challenge that needs to be addressed. One way of improving image quality is by increasing the dimensions of the collecting aperture. A sparse array can be used to synthesize a larger aperture with a limited set of relatively small detectors. In this research we design, build, and test a test-bed having an active source at 94 GHz and an array of coherent detectors, mounted on arms that extend radially on a rotary table. …
The Influence Of Sexual Selection On Behavioral And Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Reproductive Success In Male Cape Ground Squirrels (Xerus Inauris), Mary Beth Manjerovic
The Influence Of Sexual Selection On Behavioral And Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Reproductive Success In Male Cape Ground Squirrels (Xerus Inauris), Mary Beth Manjerovic
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sexual selection is considered a powerful evolutionary force responsible for the enormous diversity found in reproductive morphology, physiology, and behavior. I addressed questions related to selection in the Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris), a species characterized as highly social and promiscuous. These attributes often are responsible for variance in male reproductive success and as such, sexual selection theory predicts increased opportunity for sexual selection. I confirm that the predominant mechanism underlying genital evolution and competition for paternity in X. inauris is sperm competition. I find evidence that investment in sperm competition is costly and may reflect immunocompetence. I quantify reproductive …
Black Writing Ink Analysis By Direct Infusion Electrospray Mass Spectroscopy, Christopher M. Moody
Black Writing Ink Analysis By Direct Infusion Electrospray Mass Spectroscopy, Christopher M. Moody
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An optimized method of extraction, an instrumental analysis method and data analysis was proposed for black writing inks based on direct infusion electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The sampling and analysis method is both minimally destructive and able to assess differences in inks from a reference collection of thirty ballpoint, gel, and rollerball inks. The methanol extracts of ink on paper samples were analyzed with three direct infusion (ESI-MS) methods. Each method varied scan voltage negative and positive, ESI fragmentor applied voltage (+120V, +0V, and -120V), and mobile phase additive. Direct infusion ESI-MS analysis, followed by pair-wise comparisons of the observed ion …
Experimental And Theoretical Study Of The Optical Properties Of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Gero Nootz
Experimental And Theoretical Study Of The Optical Properties Of Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Gero Nootz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the unique electronic structure of lead salt quantum dots (QDs) and its influences on the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties as well as the time dynamics of the photogenerated charge carriers. A variety of optical techniques such as Z-scan, two-photon excited fluorescence and time-resolved pump probe spectroscopy are used to measure these properties. The one-photon as well as the degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra are measured and the electronic wave functions from a four-band envelope function formalism are used to model the results. We observe local maxima …
Detection And Approximation Of Function Of Two Variables In High Dimensions, Minzhe Pan
Detection And Approximation Of Function Of Two Variables In High Dimensions, Minzhe Pan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis originates from the deterministic algorithm of DeVore, Petrova, and Wojtaszcsyk for the detection and approximation of functions of one variable in high dimensions. We propose a deterministic algorithm for the detection and approximation of function of two variables in high dimensions.
The Fabrication Of Polymer-Derived Sicn/Sibcn Ceramic Nanostructures And Investigation Of Their Structure-Property Relationship, Sourangsu Sarkar
The Fabrication Of Polymer-Derived Sicn/Sibcn Ceramic Nanostructures And Investigation Of Their Structure-Property Relationship, Sourangsu Sarkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polymer-derived Ceramics (PDCs) represent a unique class of high-temperature stable materials synthesized directly by the thermal decomposition of polymers. This research first focuses on the fabrication of high temperature stable siliconcarbonitride (SiCN) fibers by electrospinning for ceramic matrix composite (CMC) applications. Ceraset™ VL20, a commercially available liquid cyclosilazane, was functionalized with aluminum sec-butoxide in order to be electrospinnable. The surface morphology of the electrospun fibers was investigated using the fibers produced from solvents. The electrospun fibers produced from the chloroform/N,N-dimethylformamide solutions had hierarchical structures that led to superhydrophobic surfaces. A “dry skin” model was proposed to explain the formation of …
Markerless Tracking Using Polar Correlation Of Camera Optical Flow, Prince Gupta
Markerless Tracking Using Polar Correlation Of Camera Optical Flow, Prince Gupta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We present a novel, real-time, markerless vision-based tracking system, employing a rigid orthogonal configuration of two pairs of opposing cameras. Our system uses optical flow over sparse features to overcome the limitation of vision-based systems that require markers or a pre-loaded model of the physical environment. We show how opposing cameras enable cancellation of common components of optical flow leading to an efficient tracking algorithm that captures five degrees of freedom including direction of translation and angular velocity. Experiments comparing our device with an electromagnetic tracker show that its average tracking accuracy is 80% over 185 frames, and it is …
Epitaxial Growth, Characterization And Application Of Novel Wide Bandgap Oxide Semiconductors, Jeremy Mares
Epitaxial Growth, Characterization And Application Of Novel Wide Bandgap Oxide Semiconductors, Jeremy Mares
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this work, a body of knowledge is presented which pertains to the growth, characterization and exploitation of high quality, novel II-IV oxide epitaxial films and structures grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The two compounds of primary interest within this research are the ternary films NixMg1-xO and ZnxMg1-xO and the investigation focuses predominantly on the realization, assessment and implementation of these two oxides as optoelectronic materials. The functioning hypothesis for this largely experimental effort has been that these cubic ternary oxides can be exploited - and possibly even juxtaposed - to realize novel wide band gap optoelectronic technologies. The …
Long Cavity Quantum Dot Laser Diode And Monolithic Passively Mode-Locked Operation, K Shavitranuruk
Long Cavity Quantum Dot Laser Diode And Monolithic Passively Mode-Locked Operation, K Shavitranuruk
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Advantage of the single QD active layer is its potential for very low threshold current density, which in turn can produce low internal optical loss. The low threshold current density and low internal loss thus enable a significant increase in laser diode cavity length. Because of the importance of the threshold current density in heatsinking, future technology of broad-area monolithic laser diodes can be implemented. The dissertation describes the development and the unique characteristics of single QD active layer laser with long cavity. The data are presented on single layer QD laser diodes that reach threshold current densities values of …
Fast Response Dual Frequency Liquid Crystal Materials, Qiong Song
Fast Response Dual Frequency Liquid Crystal Materials, Qiong Song
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dual frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) exhibits a positive dielectric anisotropy at low frequencies and negative dielectric anisotropy at high frequencies. The frequency where dielectric anisotropy is zero is called crossover frequency. DFLC can achieve fast rise time and fast decay time with the assistance of applied voltage. However, one drawback of DFLC is that it has dielectric heating effect when driven at a high frequency. Thus, the first part of this dissertation is to develop low crossover frequency DFLC materials. The dielectric relaxation and physical properties of some single- and double-ester compounds were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the double-ester …
Fabrication Of Functional Nanostructures Using Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposites And Reduced Graphene Oxide Assemblies, Anindarupa Chunder
Fabrication Of Functional Nanostructures Using Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposites And Reduced Graphene Oxide Assemblies, Anindarupa Chunder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A wide variety of nanomaterials ranging from polymer assemblies to organic and inorganic nanostructures (particles, wires, rods etc) have been actively pursued in recent years for various applications. The synthesis route of these nanomaterials had been driven through two fundamental approaches - 'Top down' and 'Bottom up'. The key aspect of their application remained in the ability to make the nanomaterials suitable for targeted location by manipulating their structure and functionalizing with active target groups. Functional nanomaterials like polyelectrolyte based multilayered thin films, nanofibres and graphene based composite materials are highlighted in the current research. Multilayer thin films were fabricated …
Polarization Dependent Two-Photon Absorption Properties Of Chiral Molecules, Carlos Toro
Polarization Dependent Two-Photon Absorption Properties Of Chiral Molecules, Carlos Toro
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Molecules that are non-superimposable on their mirror image are named chiral or optically active compound. Over the years, molecular chirality has played an essential role in the understanding of fundamental aspects associated the origin of life, drug and food technologies and, asymmetric catalysis, among others. Moreover, most of the groundbreaking discoveries and advances made in this field have happened due to the development of spectroscopic techniques based on the natural asymmetry of the enantiomers and their ability to preferentially absorb right or left polarized light. For instance, circular dichroism (CD), which measures the difference in absorption between these two states …
Surface Plasmon Hosts For Infrared Waveguides And Biosensors, And Plasmons In Gold-Black Nano-Structured Films, Justin Cleary
Surface Plasmon Hosts For Infrared Waveguides And Biosensors, And Plasmons In Gold-Black Nano-Structured Films, Justin Cleary
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Applications of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have thus far emphasized visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Extension into the long-wave infrared (LWIR) has numerous potential advantages for biosensors and waveguides, which are explored in this work. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor that operates deep into the infrared (3-11 µm wavelengths) is potentially capable of biomolecule recognition based on both selective binding and characteristic vibrational modes. The goal is to operate such sensors at wavelengths where biological analytes are strongly differentiated by their IR absorption spectra and where the refractive index is increased by dispersion, which will provide enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. …
Quantum Dot Based Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers And Applications, Jimyung Kim
Quantum Dot Based Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers And Applications, Jimyung Kim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, self-assembled InAs/InGaAs quantum dot Fabry-Perot lasers and mode-locked lasers are investigated. The mode-locked lasers investigated include monolithic and curved two-section devices, and colliding pulse mode-locked diode lasers. Ridge waveguide semiconductor lasers have been designed and fabricated by wet etching processes. Electroluminescence of the quantum dot lasers is studied. Cavity length dependent lasing via ground state and/or excited state transitions is observed from quantum dot lasers and the optical gain from both transitions is measured. Stable optical pulse trains via ground and excited state transitions are generated using a grating coupled external cavity with a curved two-section device. …
Response-Calibration Techniques For Antenna-Coupled Infrared Sensors, Peter Krenz
Response-Calibration Techniques For Antenna-Coupled Infrared Sensors, Peter Krenz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Infrared antennas are employed in sensing applications requiring specific spectral, polarization, and directional properties. Because of their inherently small dimensions, there is significant interaction, both thermal and electromagnetic, between the antenna, the antenna-coupled sensor, and the low-frequency readout structures necessary for signal extraction at the baseband modulation frequency. Validation of design models against measurements requires separation of these effects so that the response of the antenna-coupled sensor alone can be measured in a calibrated manner. Such validations will allow confident extension of design techniques to more complex infrared-antenna configurations. Two general techniques are explored to accomplish this goal. The extraneous …
Accelerating Optical Airy Beams, Georgios Siviloglou
Accelerating Optical Airy Beams, Georgios Siviloglou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Over the years, non-spreading or non-diffracting wave configurations have been systematically investigated in optics. Perhaps the best known example of a diffraction-free optical wave is the so-called Bessel beam, first suggested and observed by Durnin et al. This work sparked considerable theoretical and experimental activity and paved the way toward the discovery of other interesting non-diffracting solutions. In 1979 Berry and Balazs made an important observation within the context of quantum mechanics: they theoretically demonstrated that the Schrodinger equation describing a free particle can exhibit a non-spreading Airy wavepacket solution. This work remained largely unnoticed in the literature-partly because such …
Misalignment Induced Nodal Aberration Fields And Their Use In The Alignment Of Astronomical Telescopes, Tobias Schmid
Misalignment Induced Nodal Aberration Fields And Their Use In The Alignment Of Astronomical Telescopes, Tobias Schmid
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Following the foundation of aberration theory for rotationally symmetric optical systems established by Seidel, Schwarzschild, Burch, Conrady, Buchdahl, and in its most useful form H.H. Hopkins, Shack, Buchroeder, Thompson, and Rogers developed a vectorial form of the wave aberration theory that enables addressing optical systems without symmetry. In this research, a vectorial theory is utilized and extended for the alignment of two- and three-mirror astronomical telescopes, including the effects of pointing changes and astigmatic figure errors. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the vectorial form of aberration theory, also referred to as nodal aberration theory, not only provides valuable insights but …
A New Framework For Qos Provisioning In Wireless Lans Using The P-Persistent Mac Protocol, Kiran Babu Anna
A New Framework For Qos Provisioning In Wireless Lans Using The P-Persistent Mac Protocol, Kiran Babu Anna
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The support of multimedia traffic over IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) has recently received considerable attention. This dissertation has proposed a new framework that provides efficient channel access, service differentiation and statistical QoS guarantees in the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) protocol of IEEE 802.11e. In the first part of the dissertation, the new framework to provide QoS support in IEEE 802.11e is presented. The framework uses three independent components, namely, a core MAC layer, a scheduler, and an admission control. The core MAC layer concentrates on the channel access mechanism to improve the overall system efficiency. The …
A Robust Wireless Mesh Access Environment For Mobile Video Users, Fei Xie
A Robust Wireless Mesh Access Environment For Mobile Video Users, Fei Xie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rapid advances in networking technology have enabled large-scale deployments of online video streaming services in today's Internet. In particular, wireless Internet access technology has been one of the most transforming and empowering technologies in recent years. We have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of mobile users who access online video services through wireless access networks, such as wireless mesh networks and 3G cellular networks. Unlike in wired environment, using a dedicated stream for each video service request is very expensive for wireless networks. This simple strategy also has limited scalability when popular content is demanded by a …
Simulation Of Photochromic Compounds Using Density Functional Theory Methods, Pansy Patel
Simulation Of Photochromic Compounds Using Density Functional Theory Methods, Pansy Patel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This Thesis describes the systematic theoretical study aimed at prediction of the essential properties for the functional organic molecules that belong to diarylethene (DA) family of compounds. Diarylethenes present the distinct ability to change color under the influence of light, known as photochromism. This change is due to ultrafast chemical transition from open to closed ring isomers (photocyclization). It can be used for optical data storage, photoswitching, and other photonic applications. In this work we apply Density Functional Theory methods to predict 6 of the related properties: (i) molecular geometry; (ii) resonant wavelength; (iii) thermal stability; (iv) fatigue resistance; (v) …
Dft Study Of Geometry And Energetics Of Transition Metal Systems, Satyender Goel
Dft Study Of Geometry And Energetics Of Transition Metal Systems, Satyender Goel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on computational study of the geometry and energetics small molecules and nanoclusters involving transition metals (TM). These clusters may be used for various industrial applications including catalysis and photonics. Specifically, in this work we have studied hydrides and carbides of 3d-transition metal systems (Sc through Cu), small nickel and gold clusters. Qualitatively correct description of the bond dissociation is ensured by allowing the spatial and spin symmetry to break. We have tested applicability of new exchange-correlation functional and alternative theoretical descriptions (spin-contamination correction in broken symmetry DFT and ensemble Kohn-Sham (EKS)) as well. We studies TM hydrides …
Spatio-Temporal Maximum Average Correlation Height Templates In Action Recognition And Video Summarization, Mikel Rodriguez
Spatio-Temporal Maximum Average Correlation Height Templates In Action Recognition And Video Summarization, Mikel Rodriguez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Action recognition represents one of the most difficult problems in computer vision given that it embodies the combination of several uncertain attributes, such as the subtle variability associated with individual human behavior and the challenges that come with viewpoint variations, scale changes and different temporal extents. Nevertheless, action recognition solutions are critical in a great number of domains, such video surveillance, assisted living environments, video search, interfaces, and virtual reality. In this dissertation, we investigate template-based action recognition algorithms that can incorporate the information contained in a set of training examples, and we explore how these algorithms perform in action …
Determining The Presence Of An Ignitable Liquid Residue In Fire Debris Samples Utilizing Target Factor Analysis, Kelly Mchugh
Determining The Presence Of An Ignitable Liquid Residue In Fire Debris Samples Utilizing Target Factor Analysis, Kelly Mchugh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Current fire debris analysis procedure involves using the chromatographic patterns of total ion chromatograms, extracted ion chromatograms, and target compound analysis to identify an ignitable liquid according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E 1618 standard method. Classifying the ignitable liquid is accomplished by a visual comparison of chromatographic data obtained from any extracted ignitable liquid residue in the debris to the chromatograms of ignitable liquids in a database, i.e. by visual pattern recognition. Pattern recognition proves time consuming and introduces potential for human error. One particularly difficult aspect of fire debris analysis is recognizing an ignitable …