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Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Selected Works

2008

Development

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Word Sense Disambiguation In Biomedical Ontologies With Term Co-Occurrence Analysis And Document Clustering, Bill Andreopoulos, Dimitra Alexopoulou, Michael Schroeder Sep 2008

Word Sense Disambiguation In Biomedical Ontologies With Term Co-Occurrence Analysis And Document Clustering, Bill Andreopoulos, Dimitra Alexopoulou, Michael Schroeder

William B. Andreopoulos

With more and more genomes being sequenced, a lot of effort is devoted to their annotation with terms from controlled vocabularies such as the GeneOntology. Manual annotation based on relevant literature is tedious, but automation of this process is difficult. One particularly challenging problem is word sense disambiguation. Terms such as |development| can refer to developmental biology or to the more general sense. Here, we present two approaches to address this problem by using term co-occurrences and document clustering. To evaluate our method we defined a corpus of 331 documents on development and developmental biology. Term co-occurrence analysis achieves an …

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Achieving Early And Substantial Greenhouse Gas Reductions Under A Post-Kyoto Agreement, John Dernbach Dec 2007

Achieving Early And Substantial Greenhouse Gas Reductions Under A Post-Kyoto Agreement, John Dernbach

John C. Dernbach

This article explains why policy makers should seriously consider substantial early reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as a part of any post-Kyoto framework, and sets out suggested elements of a framework for early action in a post-Kyoto agreement. Substantial early reductions are needed because of the growing urgency of the climate change science, the precautionary approach identified in the Framework Convention on Climate Change as a decision-making principle, the fact that cost-effective measures are now available, and the significant non-climate benefits (security, economic, social, and environmental) that can be achieved by implementing them. As a practical matter, too, long-term greenhouse …

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