Digital Commons Network^™

Improved Contacts And Device Performance In Mos2 Transistors Using 2d Semiconductor Interlayers, Kraig Andrews

Wayne State University Dissertations

The rapid growth of modern electronics industry over the past half-century has been sustained by the continued miniaturization of silicon-based electronics. However, as fundamental limits approach, there is a need to search for viable alternative materials for next-generation electronics in the post-silicon era. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted much attention due to their atomic thickness, absence of dangling bonds and moderately high carrier mobility. However, achieving low-resistance contacts has been major impediment in developing high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) based on 2D semiconductors. A substantial Schottky barrier (SB) is often present at the metal/2D-semicondcutor interface, …

Ac Conductivity Studies Of Polyethylene-Oxide-Garnet Type Li7la3zr2o12 Hybrid Composite Solid Polymer Electrolyte For Li-Ion Battery, Parisa Bashiri

Wayne State University Dissertations

Solid electrolytes including ceramics and polymers are considered to be the ultimate substitute for organic liquid electrolytes currently used in commercialized lithium ion batteries to address the safety concerns due to Li dendrite growth and internal short circuiting. However, low ionic conductivity due to high grain boundary resistance in ceramics and semi-crystalline nature of polymers has held back the solid electrolytes from being used in Li-ion batteries. Polyethylene oxide (PEO), complexed with a Li-salt, is a well-studied polymer electrolyte showing ionic conductivity properties at room temperature. However, the coexistence of amorphous and crystalline regions at room temperature (< Tm, the melting temperature) has

-8 -6 …

Tiling Optimization For Nested Loops On Gpus, Yuanzhe Li

Wayne State University Dissertations

Optimizing nested loops has been considered as an important topic and widely studied in parallel programming. With the development of GPU architectures, the performance of these computations can be significantly boosted with the massively parallel hardware.

General matrix-matrix multiplication is a typical example where executing such an algorithm on GPUs outperforms the performance obtained on other multicore CPUs. However, achieving ideal performance on GPUs usually requires a lot of human effort to manage

the massively parallel computation resources. Therefore, the efficient implementation of optimizing nested loops on GPUs became a popular topic in recent years. We present our work based …

Non-Canonical Targets, Reaction Kinetics, And Cellular Potency Of Amino Acid-Linked Platinum(Ii) Compounds, Bett Kimutai

Wayne State University Dissertations

DNA serve as an ideal target where drugs such as cisplatin (cisPt) bind and exert their anticancer activities. CisPt is known to preferentially coordinate with DNA leading to formation of cisPt-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) adducts. The adducts distort the DNA structure and contribute to inhibition of DNA-mediated cellular functions and ultimately cancer cell death. Despite its utilization as an anticancer drug, cisPt has a number of drawbacks, which include toxic side effects and cellular resistance. Resistance occurs through processes such as repair of damaged DNA and inactivation of cisPt present in the cell. To overcome these challenges, the aim of this thesis …

Influence Of Conformational Restriction On The Antibacterial Activity And Ribosomal Selectivity Of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Michael Gabriel Pirrone

Wayne State University Dissertations

The ever-increasing threat posed by multidrug-resistant infectious bacteria necessitates

the development of novel antibiotics. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are growing in interest due to

their broad spectrum of activity, lack of known drug related allergies, low manufacturing cost,

and their well-studied mechanism of action. The simplification of rational drug design due to the

well-studied mechanism of action is the key to overcoming the issues presented by these drugs,

namely ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

A study of the effect of the conformation of the aminoglycoside ring I side chain is

described wherein it was discovered that an increase in a particular conformation augments the …

Reflection And Reverberation In Neutron Star Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries, Benjamin Coughenour

Wayne State University Dissertations

Neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS LMXBs) are systems which consist of a NS and a low-mass companion star. They are naturally variable on a variety of timescales, and are even classified by their X-ray spectral variability on the timescales of hours to days. The most luminous NS LMXB sources are known as ‘Z’ sources, because they trace out a characteristic ‘Z’ shape when plotted on a color-color or hardness-intensity diagram. The physical mechanisms causing this variability are not well understood. To try to address this, we model spectra taken from different positions on a hardness-intensity diagram of two Z …

Exploring The Scope And Limitations Of The Oxidative Deamination Of N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid, Mohammed Bakr Hawsawi

Wayne State University Dissertations

Sialic acids are molecules of importance in the fields of carbohydrate chemistry and glycoscience, and their diversity make them even more attractive to scientific research. Modifications of sialic acid derivatives may lead to several biological and chemical features that can be utilized for medicinal purposes. The modern drug therapy is dependent on the chemical discoveries of potent and effective molecules. N-Acetyl neuraminic acid is the parent and most common molecule in sialic acid family that received considerable attention in glycochemical research. This dissertation explores the scope as well as the limitations of the Zbiral oxidative deamination of N-acetyl neuraminic acid …

Sociotechnical Systems Approach For Designing Effective Pre-College Stem Programs For Adult Students, Ifeoma Okechukwu

Wayne State University Dissertations

In the context of its external environment, sociotechnical systems (STS) are tools for restructuring an organization’s components into inter-related and interdependent social and technical subsystems for improving the organization’s performance and the well-being of its actors. The theory of STS states that the optimal performance and effectiveness of an organization lies in the joint optimization of the social (all human-based elements) and the technical (the tools and technology for doing work) subsystems. Many technical industries know the benefits of STS, however the concept has a minimal presence in education, in spite of education’s many challenges such as improving the graduation …

The Wedge Family Of The Cohomology Of The C-Motivic Steenrod Algebra, Hieu Trung Thai

Wayne State University Dissertations

Computing the stable homotopy groups of the sphere spectrum is one of the most important problems of stable homotopy theory. Focusing on the 2-complete stable homotopy groups instead of the integral homotopy groups, the Adams spectral sequence appears to be one of the most effective tools to compute the homotopy groups. The spectral sequence has been studied by J. F. Adams, M. Mahowald, M. Tangora, J. P. May and others.

In 1999, Morel and Voevodsky introduced motivic homotopy theory. One of its consequences is the realization that almost any object studied in classical algebraic topology could be given a motivic …

Effective Field Theory And Machine Learning Approaches To Controlling Nonperturbative Uncertainties In Flavor Physics, Ayesh Gunawardana

Wayne State University Dissertations

The radiative decay $\bar{B}\to X_s\gamma$ and semileptonic heavy meson decay $D\to \pi l \nu$ are important flavor physics probes of new physics. However, these decays are plagued with nonperturbative uncertainties that are needed to be controlled to obtain a theoretically clean description. In this dissertation, we provide effective field theory and machine learning approaches to controlling these uncertainties.\par

In $\bar B\to X_s\gamma$, the largest uncertainty on the total rate and the CP asymmetry arises from resolved photon contributions. These appear first at order $1/m_b$ and are related to operators other than $Q_{7\gamma}$ in the effective weak Hamiltonian. One of the …

Reactions Of First-Row Transition Metal Complexes In Bis(Alkoxide) Ligand Environments With Diazoalkanes: Formation Of Carbenes Versus Reductive Coupling To Form Bridging Tetrazenes, Amanda Grass

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on the design and reactions of novel late transition metal carbene complexes featuring alkoxide ligand environments. The high-valent cobalt carbene Co(OR)2(=CPh2) (OR = OCtBu2Ph), featuring short Co=C bond of 1.773(3) Å, was previously reported from the reaction of Co(OR)2(THF)2 with diphenyldiazoalkane. Magnetic and spectroscopic (EPR) studies demonstrated Co(OR)2(=CPh2) to be a low-spin S = ½ complex. Computational studies, in agreement with experimental data, suggested that the electronic structure of Co(OR)2(=CPh2) lies between intermediate spin Co(III) anti-ferromagnetically coupled to a carbene radical and a Co(IV) alkylidene. This dissertation began with investigation of this complex in carbene transfer reactivity. …

Nutrition And Health Status Of Hemodialysis Patients In Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tanjina Rahman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Methods to identify patients at risk for End stage renal disease (ESRD) are a high priority in Bangladesh, where kidney transplants/dialysis options are limited and costly. Every year, 35,000 to 40,000 people reach ESRD in Bangladesh, but currently available facilities can hardly accommodate only 9000 to 10,000 new patients with twice weekly dialysis and the remaining 66% have no access to any kind of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the form of dialysis or transplantation. Nutrition is an important factor in maintaining good health of hemodialysis patients. However, data on nutritional status of Bangladeshi dialysis patients is limited and is …

Low-Power Wide-Area Network Design, Md Mahbubur Rahman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) is an enabling technology for long-range, low-power, and low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) applications. Due to their escalating demand in the IoT/CPS applications, recently, multiple LPWAN technologies have been developed that operate in the cellular/licensed (e.g., 5G, LTE Cat M1, and NB-IoT) and unlicensed/ISM (e.g., LoRa and SigFox) bands. To avoid the crowd in the limited ISM band (where most LPWANs operate) and the cost of the licensed band, we propose a novel LPWAN technology called Sensor Network Over White Spaces (SNOW) by utilizing the TV white spaces. White spaces refer to …

Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition Of Silver Metal Films: Synthesis And Characterization Of Thermally Stable Silver Metal Precursors, Harshani Jayabahu Arachchilage

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

THERMAL ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF SILVER METAL FILMS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THERMALLY STABLE SILVER METAL PRECURSORS

by

HARSHANI JAYABAHU ARACHCHILAGE

August 2020

Advisor: Professor Charles H. Winter

Major: Chemistry (Inorganic)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Traditional film deposition techniques such as PVD and CVD are widely used in the microelectronics industry. However, the lack of thickness control and conformality requirements limit these techniques for current and future applications. By contrast, ALD offers the deposition of ultra-thin conformal films with accurate thickness control due to the self-limiting growth behavior. Ag metal has the lowest resistivity (1.59 µΩ cm) of all …

Real-Time Control Over Wireless Networks, Venkata Prashant Modekurthy

Wayne State University Dissertations

Industrial internet of Things (IIoT) are gaining popularity for use in large-scale applications such as oil-field management (e.g., 74×8km2 East Texas Oil-field), smart farming, smart manufac- turing, smart grid, and data center power management. These applications require the wireless stack to provide a scalable, reliable, low-power and low-latency communication. To realize a predictable and reliable communication in a highly unreliable wireless environment, industrial wireless standards use a centralized wireless stack design. In a centralized wireless stack design, a central manager generates routes and a communication schedule for a multi-channel time divi- sion multiple access communication (TDMA) based medium access control …

Exploring Jet Transport Coefficients In The Quark-Gluon Plasma, Amit Kumar

Wayne State University Dissertations

The modifications of hard jets play an essential role as multi-scale probes of the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this thesis, we explore the interplay between the soft and hard scales involved in the modification of jet partons as they propagate through the QGP. First, we focus on a regime where the exchanged momenta between the hard parton and the medium are at a high enough scale that QCD perturbation theory can be applied. Based on the assumption that the multiple scatterings inside the plasma are incoherent in the high-energy and high-virtuality phase …

Variational Analysis In Second-Order Cone Programming And Applications, Hang Thi Van Nguyen

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation conducts a second-order variational analysis for an important class on nonpolyhedral conic programs generated by the so-called second-order/Lorentz/ice-cream cone. These second-order cone programs (SOCPs) are mathematically challenging due to the nonpolyhedrality of the underlying second-order cone while being important for various applications. The two main devices in our study are second epi-derivative and graphical derivative of the normal cone mapping which are proved to accumulate vital second-order information of functions/constraint systems under investigation. Our main contribution is threefold:

- proving the twice epi-differentiability of the indicator function of the second-order cone and of the augmented Lagrangian associated with …

Parahydrogen Hyperpolarized Multi-Nuclear Contrast Agents For Potential Mri Applications, Nuwandi Maduranga Ariyasingha Uragoda Wiyannalage

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

PARAHYDROGEN HYPERPOLARIZED MULTI-NUCLEAR CONTRAST AGENTS FOR POTENTIAL MRI APPLICATIONS

by

NUWANDI M. ARIYASINGHA

December 2020

Advisor: Dr. Eduard Chekmenev

Major: Chemistry (Physical)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

There have been numerous studies to develop fast, cost effective hyperpolaried (HP) contrast agents with higher polarization values that can be potentially employed for magnetic resonance clinical imaging. Some of the currently used contrast agents are based on 129Xe hyperpolarized nucleus. However, one of the problems associated with this approach, is the high cost of the produced hyperpolarized contrast agents. In addition, the other important practical problem is that the currently used clinical …

Towards Personalized Medicine: Computational Approaches For Drug Repurposing And Cell Type Identification, Azam Peyvandipour

Wayne State University Dissertations

The traditional drug discovery process is extremely slow and costly. More than 90% of drugs fail to pass beyond the early stage of development and toxicity tests, and many of the drugs that go through early phases of the clinical trials fail because of adverse reactions, side effects, or lack of efficiency. In spite of unprecedented investments in research and development (R&D), the number of new FDA-approved drugs remains low, reflecting the limitations of the current R&D model.

In this context, finding new disease indications for existing drugs sidesteps these issues and can therefore increase the available therapeutic choices at …

Synthesis Of Bradyrhizose And The Equatorial Glycosides Of 3-Deoxygenation-D-Mango-Oct-2-Ulosonic Acid, Philemon O. Ngoje

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

SYNTHESIS OF BRADYRHIZOSE AND THE EQUATORIAL GLYCOSIDES OF 3- DEOXY-D-MANNO-OCT-2-ULOSONIC ACID

Chapter one provides a general view on the background to the research in two parts. The first part begins with an introduction on the significance of the lectin-carbohydrate interactions in leguminous plants. Then the structure and role of O-antigen lipopolysaccharides in the symbiotic nitrogen cycle, and the mechanism and significance of the cycle in leguminous plants growth are introduced. The role, isolation and characterization of bradyrhizose are also introduced; and the previous syntheses of bradyhizose and of related bicyclic compounds presented.

The second part of chapter one starts …

Data Analysis Of Large Angle Beamstrahlung Monitor, Samuel Doeg Izaguirre Gamez

Wayne State University Dissertations

The first experimental evidence of large angle beamstrahlung at SuperKEKB is discussed in this Thesis. Beamstrahlung is the tn radiation emitted by particles belonging to one beam when they are accelerated transversely by the electro-magnetic field of the other beam. The properties of the radiation are related to the beam interaction topologyand can be used to optimize the beam-beam collision. This, in turn, makes the machine’s luminosity, and therefore the number of produced events, higher. A device entirely built at WSU, the Large Angle Beamstrahlung Monitor, or LABM, has been deployed in the SuperKEKB accelerator since 2015. A five Institutions …

Study Of Grain Growth In Single-Phase Polycrystals, Pawan Vedanti

Wayne State University Dissertations

Materials with random microstructure are characterized by additional thermodynamic parameters, entropy and temperature of microstructure. It has been argued that there is one more law of thermodynamics: entropy of microstructure decays in isolated systems. This assertion has been checked experimentally for the process of grain growth which showed that entropy of grain structure decays indeed as expected. The equation of state for microstructure entropy has also been studied. In general, entropy of grain microstructure is expected to be a function of grain structure energy and the average grain size. Our experiments suggest that in fact, the equation of state degenerates …

Making Real-World Connections In High School Mathematics: The Effectiveness Of A Professional Development Program In Changing Teachers’ Knowledge, Beliefs, And Practices, Thad Ludlam Wilhelm

Wayne State University Dissertations

The study aimed to assess the impact of a professional development workshop at changing secondary mathematics teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to real-world applications of algebra. It also addressed gaps in the research literature related to teacher knowledge of how algebra is used by professionals in non-academic settings and their beliefs about the relevance of algebra to their students’ lives. The observational study employed mixed methods. Principal components analysis was conducted on responses to an online questionnaire. Pre-test vs. post-test comparisons were made for workshop participants. Treatment vs. control comparisons were also made using a nationally representative random sample …

Catgame: A Tool For Problem Solving In Complex Dynamic Systems Using Game Theoretic Knowledge Distribution In Cultural Algorithms, And Its Application (Catneuro) To The Deep Learning Of Game Controller, Faisal Waris

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cultural Algorithms (CA) are knowledge-intensive, population-based stochastic optimization methods that are modeled after human cultures and are suited to solving problems in complex environments. The CA Belief Space stores knowledge harvested from prior generations and re-distributes it to future generations via a knowledge distribution (KD) mechanism. Each of the population individuals is then guided through the search space via the associated knowledge. Previously, CA implementations have used only competitive KD mechanisms that have performed well for problems embedded in static environments. Relatively recently, CA research has evolved to encompass dynamic problem environments. Given increasing environmental complexity, a natural question arises …

Development And Application Of Chemical Tools To Identify Kinase-Substrate Interactions, Aparni Kithulgoda Gamage

Wayne State University Dissertations

Post translational modifications regulate a variety of biological processes inside the cell.Protein phosphorylation is one such PTM modification catalyzed by protein kinases, which aid to transfer a signal from one place to another inside the cell. However, irregularities in kinase-mediated signaling are often implicated in many diseases, making kinases effective drug targets. To understand kinase-related disease formation and to discover drugs to treat these diseases, it is crucial to have a clear understanding on kinase-mediated cell signaling networks. A current gap in the kinase biology field is a lack of tools to identify which kinase phosphorylates which protein substrate inside …

Securing Arm Platform: From Software-Based To Hardware-Based Approaches, Zhenyu Ning

Wayne State University Dissertations

With the rapid proliferation of the ARM architecture on smart mobile phones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the security of ARM platform becomes an emerging problem. In recent years, the number of malware identified on ARM platforms, especially on Android, shows explosive growth. Evasion techniques are also used in these malware to escape from being detected by existing analysis systems.

In our research, we first present a software-based mechanism to increase the accuracy of existing static analysis tools by reassembleable bytecode extraction. Our solution collects bytecode and data at runtime, and then reassemble them offline to help static analysis …

Incorporating Cardiac Substructures Into Radiation Therapy For Improved Cardiac Sparing, Eric Daniel Morris

Wayne State University Dissertations

Growing evidence suggests that radiation therapy (RT) doses to the heart and cardiac substructures (CS) are strongly linked to cardiac toxicities, though only the heart is considered clinically. This work aimed to utilize the superior soft-tissue contrast of magnetic resonance (MR) to segment CS, quantify uncertainties in their position, assess their effect on treatment planning and an MR-guided environment.

Automatic substructure segmentation of 12 CS was completed using a novel hybrid MR/computed tomography (CT) atlas method and was improved upon using a 3-dimensional neural network (U-Net) from deep learning. Intra-fraction motion due to respiration was then quantified. The inter-fraction setup …

Stochastic Approximation And Applications To Networked Systems, Thu Thi Le Nguyen

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on a class of SA algorithms with applications to networked systems and is based on the published works that have been done jointly during my Ph.D. training. The networked systems are fundamentally characterized by interaction among control, communications, and computing, with applications in a vast array of emerging technologies such as smart grids, intelligent transportation systems, social networks, smart city, to name just a few. Networked systems encounter many environment uncertainties that are inherently stochastic. Besides the aforementioned advantages, the framework of SA can also accommodate multiple random processes and diversified system dynamics, even random and distributed …

The Effects Of Coordination Environment On The Spectroscopic And Electrochemical Properties Of Divalent Lanthanides, Tyler C. Jenks

Wayne State University Dissertations

The research projects in this dissertation pertain to the properties of molecular divalent lanthanide complexes with a focus on luminescence properties in solution. Most available research in lanthanide chemistry focuses on either the trivalent oxidation state or the divalent oxidation state in solid inorganic host matrices. The results described herein contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the effects of coordination environment on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of divalent lanthanides in solvated molecular complexes.

The divalent-europium-containing complex Eu(II)23 was evaluated as a visible-light-excited photoredox precatalyst. Stoichiometric and catalytic carbon–carbon bond forming reactions of Eu(II)23 with benzyl chloride in the …

Variational Analysis Of Composite Optimization, Ashkan Mohammadi

Wayne State University Dissertations

The dissertation is devoted to the study of the first- and second-order variational analysis of the composite functions with applications to composite optimization. By considering a fairly general composite optimization problem, our analysis covers numerous classes of optimization problems such as constrained optimization; in particular, nonlinear programming, second-order cone programming and semidefinite programming(SDP). Beside constrained optimization problems our framework covers many important composite optimization problems such as the extended nonlinear programming and eigenvalue optimization problem. In first-order analysis we develop the exact first-order calculus via both subderivative and subdifferential. For the second-order part we develop calculus rules via second-order subderivative …