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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Pesticide Seed Treatments Containing Neonicotinoids Have Limited Effect On Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Different Tillage Regimes, Jessica E. Mackay, Richard G. Smith, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Lukas T. Bernhardt
Pesticide Seed Treatments Containing Neonicotinoids Have Limited Effect On Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Different Tillage Regimes, Jessica E. Mackay, Richard G. Smith, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Lukas T. Bernhardt
Faculty Publications
Pesticide seed treatments (PST) which contain fungicides and insecticides are commonly used in agriculture; however, little is known about their effect on soil microbial communities and soil health. Neonicotinoids – controversial insecticides which are common in PST – have received criticism due to potential non-target effects. While fungal pathogens need to be moderated, PST have the potential to disturb broader fungal communities which could lead to reduced nutrient cycling and poor soil health. Given the broad use of PST, their effect on soil fungi needs to be studied within the context of other agricultural management practices. For example, tillage regimes …
2020 Comprehensive Conservation And Management Plan: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment, Ivy Mlsna
2020 Comprehensive Conservation And Management Plan: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment, Ivy Mlsna
PREP Reports & Publications
The Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership (PREP), one of 28 National Estuary Programs supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is updating their Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP) for the 2020-2030 timeframe. A broad, risk-based, qualitative, planning-level climate change vulnerability assessment was conducted concurrent with this update, as directed by the Funding Guidance for this program.
Small Soil C Cycle Responses To Three Years Of Cover Crops In Maize Cropping Systems, Anna M. Cates, Matthew D. Ruark, A. Stuart Grandy, Randall D. Jackson
Small Soil C Cycle Responses To Three Years Of Cover Crops In Maize Cropping Systems, Anna M. Cates, Matthew D. Ruark, A. Stuart Grandy, Randall D. Jackson
Faculty Publications
Cover crops are touted for their ability to improve many ecosystem functions in annual cropping systems. In addition to water and nutrient retention, cover crops may influence C cycling by increasing total C inputs to the agroecosystem, stimulating microbial populations, altering main crop residue decomposition rate, or changing litter chemistry over time. We assessed whether annual (rye) or perennial (bluegrass) cover crops in maize cropping systems influenced maize residue decomposition (litterbags) or microbial communities (shotgun metagenomics) in soil and litter, and whether these cover crops had an effect on microbially active pools of C: particulate organic matter (POM) C and …
What To Do With Dams: An Assessment Of Public Opinion To Inform The Debate In New Hampshire, Natallia Leuchanka Diessner, Catherine M. Ashcraft, Kevin H. Gardner, Lawrence C. Hamilton
What To Do With Dams: An Assessment Of Public Opinion To Inform The Debate In New Hampshire, Natallia Leuchanka Diessner, Catherine M. Ashcraft, Kevin H. Gardner, Lawrence C. Hamilton
The Carsey School of Public Policy at the Scholars' Repository
Many of New Hampshire’s dams are reaching the end of their lifespan and require expensive maintenance or removal in order to meet safety standards. While engineers and public officials struggle with the scale of the challenge surrounding various dam management alternatives, including removal, what does the New Hampshire public think? In this brief, authors Natallia Leuchanka, Catherine Ashcraft, Kevin Gardner, and Lawrence Hamilton present results from statewide surveys in New Hampshire that explore public views about dam removal. They report that a majority of respondents in three Granite State Polls prefer to remove dams when the alternative is to keep …
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, William A. Arigiroff, Donald R. Zak, Rima A. Upchurch, Sydney O. Salley, A. Stuart Grandy
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, William A. Arigiroff, Donald R. Zak, Rima A. Upchurch, Sydney O. Salley, A. Stuart Grandy
Faculty Publications
Fine root litter is a primary source of soil organic matter (SOM), which is a globally important pool of C that is responsive to climate change. We previously established that ~20 years of experimental nitrogen (N) deposition has slowed fine root decay and increased the storage of soil carbon (C; +18%) across a widespread northern hardwood forest ecosystem. However, the microbial mechanisms that have directly slowed fine root decay are unknown. Here, we show that experimental N deposition has decreased the relative abundance of Agaricales fungi (−31%) and increased that of partially ligninolytic Actinobacteria (+24%) on decaying fine roots. Moreover, …
Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations To Evaluate Land Model Assumptions, William R. Wieder, David M. Lawrence, Rosie A. Fisher, Gordon B. Bonan, Susan J. Cheng, Christine L. Goodale, A. Stuart Grandy, Charles D. Koven, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Keith W. Oleson, R. Quinn Thomas
Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations To Evaluate Land Model Assumptions, William R. Wieder, David M. Lawrence, Rosie A. Fisher, Gordon B. Bonan, Susan J. Cheng, Christine L. Goodale, A. Stuart Grandy, Charles D. Koven, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Keith W. Oleson, R. Quinn Thomas
Faculty Publications
Land models are often used to simulate terrestrial responses to future environmental changes, but these models are not commonly evaluated with data from experimental manipulations. Results from experimental manipulations can identify and evaluate model assumptions that are consistent with appropriate ecosystem responses to future environmental change. We conducted simulations using three coupled carbon-nitrogen versions of the Community Land Model (CLM, versions 4, 4.5, and—the newly developed—5), and compared the simulated response to nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment with meta-analyses of observations from similar experimental manipulations. In control simulations, successive versions of CLM showed a poleward increase in …
Climate-Change Views Of New Hampshire Primary Voters, Lawrence C. Hamilton
Climate-Change Views Of New Hampshire Primary Voters, Lawrence C. Hamilton
The Carsey School of Public Policy at the Scholars' Repository
In this brief, author Lawrence Hamilton discusses the results of an April 2019 Granite State Poll conducted by the UNH Survey Center that asked 549 New Hampshire residents whether they planned to vote in the state’s 2020 presidential primary election and, if so, which candidate they favored. The survey also asked residents about their views on climate change. Hamilton reports that regardless of their candidate preferences, prospective voters in the New Hampshire Democratic primary agree with the scientific consensus that humans are changing Earth’s climate. Three-quarters of Republican primary voters favor President Trump, and most in this group do not …
Managing Agroecosystems For Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency: Ecological Unknowns, Potential Outcomes, And A Path Forward, Cynthia M. Kallenbach, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Meagan E. Schipanksi, A. Stuart Grandy
Managing Agroecosystems For Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency: Ecological Unknowns, Potential Outcomes, And A Path Forward, Cynthia M. Kallenbach, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Meagan E. Schipanksi, A. Stuart Grandy
Faculty Publications
Agricultural systems are increasingly managed for improving soil carbon (C) accumulation. However, there are limits to C returns in agricultural systems that constrain soil C accumulation capacity. Increasing the efficiency of how soil microbes process C is gaining interest as an important management strategy for increasing soil C and is a key feature of soil C dynamics in many new microbial-explicit models. A higher microbial C use efficiency (CUE) may increase C storage while reducing C system losses and is a fundamental trait affecting community assembly dynamics and nutrient cycling. However, the numerous ecological unknowns influencing CUE limit our ability …
Substrate Quality And Concentration Control Decomposition And Microbial Strategies In A Model Soil System, Jorg Schnecker, Timothy Bowles, Erik A. Hobbie, Richard G. Smith, A. Stuart Grandy
Substrate Quality And Concentration Control Decomposition And Microbial Strategies In A Model Soil System, Jorg Schnecker, Timothy Bowles, Erik A. Hobbie, Richard G. Smith, A. Stuart Grandy
Faculty Publications
Soil carbon models typically scale decomposition linearly with soil carbon (C) concentration, but this linear relationship has not been experimentally verified. Here we investigated the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms controlling the relationships between soil C concentration and decomposition rates. We incubated a soil/sand mixture with increasing amounts of finely ground plant residue in the laboratory at constant temperature and moisture for 63 days. The plant residues were rye (Secale cereale, C/N ratio of 23) and wheat straw (Triticum spp., C/N ratio of 109) at seven soil C concentrations ranging from 0.38 to 2.99%. We measured soil respiration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) …
Losses Of Mineral Soil Carbon Largely Offset Biomass Accumulation Fifteen Years After Whole-Tree Harvest In A Northern Hardwood Forest, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Steven P. Hamburg, Chris E. Johnson, Jonathan Sanderman
Losses Of Mineral Soil Carbon Largely Offset Biomass Accumulation Fifteen Years After Whole-Tree Harvest In A Northern Hardwood Forest, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Steven P. Hamburg, Chris E. Johnson, Jonathan Sanderman
Earth Systems Research Center
Changes in soil carbon stocks following forest harvest can be an important component of ecosystem and landscape-scale C budgets in systems managed for bioenergy or carbon-trading markets. However, these changes are characterized less often and with less certainty than easier-to-measure aboveground stocks. We sampled soils prior to the whole-tree harvest of Watershed 5 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in 1983, and again in years 3, 8, and 15 following harvest. The repeated measures of total soil C in this stand show no net change in the O horizon over 15 years, though mixing with the mineral soil reduced observed …
Soil Macroinvertebrate Presence Alters Microbial Community Composition And Activity In The Rhizosphere, Natalie Bray, Jenny Kao-Kniffin, Serita D. Frey, Timothy Fahey, Kyle Wickings
Soil Macroinvertebrate Presence Alters Microbial Community Composition And Activity In The Rhizosphere, Natalie Bray, Jenny Kao-Kniffin, Serita D. Frey, Timothy Fahey, Kyle Wickings
Faculty Publications
Soil Macroinvertebrate Presence Alters Microbial Community Composition and Activity in the Rhizosphere
Restoration Of Soil Microbial Function Following Degradation On Department Of Defense Lands: Mediating Biological Invasions In A Global Change Context, Kristina Stinson, Serita D. Frey
Restoration Of Soil Microbial Function Following Degradation On Department Of Defense Lands: Mediating Biological Invasions In A Global Change Context, Kristina Stinson, Serita D. Frey
Faculty Publications
This project was designed to better understand the roles of soil biota in 1 mediating native species-NIS interactions and 2 facilitating the recovery of degraded ecosystems. The associated Research Needs were listed as follows 1. To quantify the functional diversity of soil biota and the role of key taxa in maintaining desired functional ecosystem attributes 2. To identify processes by which desired soil properties and associated soil biotic communities are degraded by NIS invasion and test potential mechanisms to restore them 3. To examine the role of disturbance in determining the functional attributes of the soil community 4. To test …
The Microbiome Stress Project: Toward A Global Meta-Analysis Of Environmental Stressors And Their Effects On Microbial Communities, Jennifer D. Rocca, Marie Simonin, Joanna R. Blaszczak, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Sean M. Gibbons, Firas S. Midani, Alex D. Washburne
The Microbiome Stress Project: Toward A Global Meta-Analysis Of Environmental Stressors And Their Effects On Microbial Communities, Jennifer D. Rocca, Marie Simonin, Joanna R. Blaszczak, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Sean M. Gibbons, Firas S. Midani, Alex D. Washburne
Faculty Publications
Microbial community structure is highly sensitive to natural (e.g., drought, temperature, fire) and anthropogenic (e.g., heavy metal exposure, land-use change) stressors. However, despite an immense amount of data generated, systematic, cross-environment analyses of microbiome responses to multiple disturbances are lacking. Here, we present the Microbiome Stress Project, an open-access database of environmental and host-associated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing studies collected to facilitate cross-study analyses of microbiome responses to stressors. This database will comprise published and unpublished datasets re-processed from the raw sequences into exact sequence variants using our standardized computational pipeline. Our database will provide insight into general response patterns …
Greenhouse Gas And Nitrogen Inventory Report For Municipal And School Operations, Jackson H. Kaspari, Elena Piekut
Greenhouse Gas And Nitrogen Inventory Report For Municipal And School Operations, Jackson H. Kaspari, Elena Piekut
The Sustainability Institute Publications
The City of Dover recognizes the many challenges that a changing climate presents and acknowledges that municipalities have a responsibility to lead adaptation and greenhouse gas reduction efforts at the local level. Through a University of New Hampshire Sustainability Fellowship undertaken by UNH doctoral student Jackson Kaspari, the City of Dover has become the first municipality in North America to complete a baseline footprint for both greenhouse gas (GHG) and nitrogen impacts of local government operations. This inventory informs Dover’s policymakers, residents, property owners, and business owners on how to best introduce mitigation measures, helping Dover contribute to a global …
Clarifying The Interpretation Of Carbon Use Efficiency In Soil Through Methods Comparison, Kevin M. Geyer, Paul Dijkstra, Robert Sinsabaugh, Serita D. Frey
Clarifying The Interpretation Of Carbon Use Efficiency In Soil Through Methods Comparison, Kevin M. Geyer, Paul Dijkstra, Robert Sinsabaugh, Serita D. Frey
Faculty Publications
Accurate estimates of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) are required to predict how global change will impact microbially-mediated ecosystem functions such as organic matter decomposition. Multiple approaches are currently used to quantify CUE but the extent to which estimates reflect methodological variability is unknown. This limits our ability to apply or cross-compare published CUE values. Here we evaluated the performance of five methods in a single soil under standard conditions. The microbial response to three substrate amendment rates (0.0, 0.05, and 2.0 mg glucose-C g−1 soil) was examined using: 13C and 18O isotope tracing approaches which estimate CUE based on …
Analysis Of Autoguiding For Exoplanet Transit Research At The Unh Observatory, Anthony Cappuccio
Analysis Of Autoguiding For Exoplanet Transit Research At The Unh Observatory, Anthony Cappuccio
Honors Theses and Capstones
This paper will discuss the proper calibration technique for an autoguider of a CCD camera and the results that follow from successful exoplanet transit observations. A brief background on exoplanets, the transit method, and the analysis of their parent stars through photometry will be examined. The results will be presented in a before and after framework that will visually represent the data improvements from autoguiding as graphical Light Curves (LC). The addition of being able to autoguide at the UNH observatory will work towards providing future students with the possibility of performing follow-up ground-based observations and archiving their work online …
Charged Particle Filter For Entrance Of Imap-Lo, Daniel Abel
Charged Particle Filter For Entrance Of Imap-Lo, Daniel Abel
Honors Theses and Capstones
No abstract provided.
Unh Observatory Exoplanet Transit Depth Limit, Nicholas R. Larose
Unh Observatory Exoplanet Transit Depth Limit, Nicholas R. Larose
Honors Theses and Capstones
Using the University of New Hampshire Observatory, we performed multiple exoplanet transits observations on a variety of systems. Of these transits, those performed with ideal weather conditions were chosen to do extensive analysis on. The transit chosen for initial analysis was HAT-P-56b. We then used Z-Score values, along with the average mean and standard deviation collected from multiple transits to determine a minimum possible transit depth of 7.4 +/- 0.6 mmag. This value will allow UNH to access exoplanet transit observation and / or confirm potential exoplanets, thus making the UNH Observatory more research capable. A follow up threshold transit …
The Role Of Small Reservoirs In Reducing Reactive N Export Via Denitrification, Margaret Phillips, Wil Wollheim
The Role Of Small Reservoirs In Reducing Reactive N Export Via Denitrification, Margaret Phillips, Wil Wollheim
Honors Theses and Capstones
Reactive nitrogen (N), which harms ecosystem health, has been increasing in the biosphere, leading to higher N export to coastal ecosystems. Although man-made reservoirs can be significant sources of greenhouse gases, they can also retain N, thus reducing N export. Because many dams are relics from industrial hydropower, their removal is becoming increasingly common. It is therefore crucial to understand the ecological tradeoffs of man-made reservoirs. While previous studies have examined nutrient budgets and denitrification at inputs and outputs of large reservoirs, small reservoir dynamics remain understudied. In this study, we measured inputs and outputs of NO3 and N …
Improving Photometry And Astrophotography By Eliminating Dark Frames And Flat Fields, Tom C. Ireland
Improving Photometry And Astrophotography By Eliminating Dark Frames And Flat Fields, Tom C. Ireland
Honors Theses and Capstones
I report on the efforts to improve the dark frames and flat fielding procedure for the charged-coupled device (CCD) camera for the Celestron C14 telescope at the UNH observatory. Dark frames are images taken while the shutter of the camera is closed so that only electronic and dark noise and other internal inconsistencies are recorded. These are important because they allow astronomers to subtract out interference from dark current. Additionally, flat fields are images of the entire field of the telescope so that the brightness in the pixels of the telescope’s field of view is uniform. Flat fields are vital …
Normalization Of Leadville Neutron Monitor To Climax Neutron Monitor, Brian J. O'Connor
Normalization Of Leadville Neutron Monitor To Climax Neutron Monitor, Brian J. O'Connor
Honors Theses and Capstones
No abstract provided.
Determination Of Multi-Messenger Signals From Matter Outflows Of Merger Systems, Ronny Nguyen
Determination Of Multi-Messenger Signals From Matter Outflows Of Merger Systems, Ronny Nguyen
Honors Theses and Capstones
In 2017, LIGO detected gravitational waves from GW170817. This presented for the first time, gravitational waves originating from a neutron star - neutron star merger. Studies of neutron star mergers are significant because the multi-messenger signals in the form of gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves can inform us on the nuclear physics of neutron stars and the creation of heavy elements in the universe. Matter is ejected in the merging process and forms the outflow which provides a neutron-rich environment for rapid neutron capture (r-process) to occur leading to the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. What we detect on Earth are …
Connecting Composting And Greenhouses: An Energy Capture And Usage Model, Dena M. Hoffman
Connecting Composting And Greenhouses: An Energy Capture And Usage Model, Dena M. Hoffman
Honors Theses and Capstones
At the Organic Dairy Research Farm in Lee, New Hampshire, the practice of aerated static composting is researched for potential heat capture. In early 2019, an Excel model was created to illustrate the ability of greenhouses to retain heat during a cold month of January and the total energy balance for each day. This model shows that an average greenhouse, based on the dimensions of the greenhouse at Kingman Farm, requires an additional, external heat source to supplement its heating needs. By adding the heat generated by the aerated static composting pile to the greenhouse in the Excel model, the …