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- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications (3)
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Water-Energy-Food Linkages In Community Smallholder Irrigation Schemes: Center Pivot Irrigation In Rwanda, Ankit Chandra, Derek M. Heeren, Lameck O. Odhiambo, N. Brozovic
Water-Energy-Food Linkages In Community Smallholder Irrigation Schemes: Center Pivot Irrigation In Rwanda, Ankit Chandra, Derek M. Heeren, Lameck O. Odhiambo, N. Brozovic
Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications
Water, energy, and food are linked in intricate ways in irrigated agriculture and understanding the interplay of these components is crucial for sustainable and profitable crop production, particularly in smallholder setting such as in sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluates water-energy-food linkages, engineering and economic performance, irrigation decision making, and challenges faced around water management in a community-based mechanized irrigation scheme in Rwanda. The research is the first to analyze such as scheme, which uses technology typically used by large farmers in a smallholder setting. The study investigates the variation in water requirements and the relationship and impacts of this variability …
Downstream Hydrochemistry And Irrigation Water Quality Of The Syr Darya, Aral Sea Basin, South Kazakhstan, Bagdat Satybaldiyev, Baimurat Ismailov, Nurbek Nurpeisov, Kairat Kenges, Daniel D. Snow, Arindam Malakar, Omirzhan Taukebayev, Bolat Uralbekov
Downstream Hydrochemistry And Irrigation Water Quality Of The Syr Darya, Aral Sea Basin, South Kazakhstan, Bagdat Satybaldiyev, Baimurat Ismailov, Nurbek Nurpeisov, Kairat Kenges, Daniel D. Snow, Arindam Malakar, Omirzhan Taukebayev, Bolat Uralbekov
Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications
New hydrochemical measurements from the Syr Darya provide insights into factors affecting the composition and quality of a major freshwater source replenishing the Aral Sea. This river is heavily used for power and irrigation and crosses territories of four Central Asia republics. It is intensely managed, draining several major tributaries, many reservoirs, and numerous irrigation distribution systems and canals. Analysis of seasonal changes in dissolved ion concentrations using geochemical diagrams, elemental ratios, statistical correlation, and equilibrium modeling allowed the characterization of mineral formation processes that control the dissolved chemical composition. Measured water hydrochemistry and composition type differs substantially from previous …
Analysis Of Soil Change Across Nebraska, Trinity Baker
Analysis Of Soil Change Across Nebraska, Trinity Baker
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The world’s population is growing and an increasing populace requires more resources. These requirements place increasing pressure on the environment and the soil. Soils serve many important functions throughout the world. These functions range from offering a media for food production, providing a sink for organic carbon, nutrient cycling, and improving water quality. It is important to focus on the human impact on soils and their change over time.
For my research I examined how soils across Nebraska have changed over a time period of roughly 65 years. I sampled and analyzed 39 pedons from four Major Land Resource Areas …
Irrigation’S Impact On A Precipitation Event During Grainex In Nebraska, Usa, Daniel Whitesel
Irrigation’S Impact On A Precipitation Event During Grainex In Nebraska, Usa, Daniel Whitesel
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Numerous precipitation events were observed during the Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX). However, the precipitation event that was observed the morning of 23 July 2018 is the focus of this thesis. Six experiments were conducted which involved increasing or decreasing soil moisture by 5% increments over the irrigated cropland. An additional experiment, which changed the irrigated land use to grassland, showed precipitation increases. It was found that regardless of strength of irrigation, average precipitation decreased. Average precipitation decreased by up to 72% when irrigation increased compared to the control simulation and decreased by up to 85% when irrigation decreased compared …
Influence Of Irrigation On Diurnal Mesoscale Circulations: Results From Grainex, C. Phillips, R. Mahmood, R. Pielke Sr.
Influence Of Irrigation On Diurnal Mesoscale Circulations: Results From Grainex, C. Phillips, R. Mahmood, R. Pielke Sr.
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Climate And Irrigation On Grace-Based Estimates Of Water Storage Changes In Major Us Aquifers, B. R. Scanlon, A. Rateb, D. R. Pool, W. Sanford, H. Save, A. Sun, D. Long, B. A. Fuchs
Effects Of Climate And Irrigation On Grace-Based Estimates Of Water Storage Changes In Major Us Aquifers, B. R. Scanlon, A. Rateb, D. R. Pool, W. Sanford, H. Save, A. Sun, D. Long, B. A. Fuchs
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Impacts Of Irrigated Agriculture On The Near Surface And Planetary Boundary Layer Atmosphere: Results From The Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (Grainex), Emilee Lachenmeier
Impacts Of Irrigated Agriculture On The Near Surface And Planetary Boundary Layer Atmosphere: Results From The Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (Grainex), Emilee Lachenmeier
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Modification of natural prairie grasslands into irrigated and rainfed agriculture in the Great Plains produced significant impacts on regional weather and climate including temperatures, precipitation, energy fluxes, and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) atmosphere. The Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX) during the 2018 growing season collected data over irrigated and non-irrigated crop fields to further understand these impacts. The data were collected during two intensive observation periods (IOPs) in early June (IOP 1: 30 May – 13 June of 2018) and late July (IOP 2: 16 July – 30 July of 2018). The data analyzed include latent (LE) and sensible …
Mod$$At: A Hydro-Economic Modeling Framework For Aquifer Management In Irrigated Agricultural Regions, Mani Rouhi Rad, Erin M.K. Haacker, Vaishali Sharda, Soheil Nozari, Zaichen Xiang, A. Araya, Venkatesh Uddameri, Jordan Suter, Prasanna Gowda
Mod$$At: A Hydro-Economic Modeling Framework For Aquifer Management In Irrigated Agricultural Regions, Mani Rouhi Rad, Erin M.K. Haacker, Vaishali Sharda, Soheil Nozari, Zaichen Xiang, A. Araya, Venkatesh Uddameri, Jordan Suter, Prasanna Gowda
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications
In this paper, we introduce a hydro-economic modeling framework for the management of groundwater re- sources that are used for irrigated agricultural production. The model, MOD$$AT, can be used to study the costs of aquifer depletion and the net benefits of specific aquifer management policies. MOD$$AT is composed of three components, namely, an economic component, a hydrologic component and an agronomic component. A main goal of this paper is to introduce the hydro-economic model and describe how it can be transferable to different contexts. With this objective in mind, we describe model components step-by-step so that the process of integration …
At: A Hydro-Economic Modeling Framework For Aquifer Management In Irrigated Agricultural Regions☆, Mani Rouhi Rad, Erin M.K. Haacker, Vaishali Sharda, Soheil Nozari, Zaichen Xiang, A. Araya, Venkatesh Uddameri, Jordan F. Suter, Prasanna Gowda
At: A Hydro-Economic Modeling Framework For Aquifer Management In Irrigated Agricultural Regions☆, Mani Rouhi Rad, Erin M.K. Haacker, Vaishali Sharda, Soheil Nozari, Zaichen Xiang, A. Araya, Venkatesh Uddameri, Jordan F. Suter, Prasanna Gowda
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications
In this paper, we introduce a hydro-economic modeling framework for the management of groundwater resources that are used for irrigated agricultural production. The model, MOD$$AT, can be used to study the costs of aquifer depletion and the net benefits of specific aquifer management policies. MOD$$AT is composed of three components, namely, an economic component, a hydrologic component and an agronomic component. A main goal of this paper is to introduce the hydro-economic model and describe how it can be transferable to different contexts. With this objective in mind, we describe model components step-by-step so that the process of integration can …
Irrigation Impacts On Minimum And Maximum Surface Moist Enthalpy In The Central Great Plains Of The Usa, Tianyi Zhang, Rezaul Mahmood, Xiaomao Lin, Roger A. Pielke Sr.
Irrigation Impacts On Minimum And Maximum Surface Moist Enthalpy In The Central Great Plains Of The Usa, Tianyi Zhang, Rezaul Mahmood, Xiaomao Lin, Roger A. Pielke Sr.
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
Agricultural activities notably alter weather and climate including near-surface heat content. However, past research primarily focused on dry bulb temperature without considering the role of water vapor (dew point temperature) on surface air heat content. When using dry bulb temperature trends to assess these changes, for example, not including concurrent trends in absolute humidity can lead to errors in the actual rate of warming or cooling. Here we examined minimum and maximum surface moist enthalpy, which can be expressed as “equivalent temperature.” Using hourly climate data in the Central Great Plains (Nebraska and Kansas) from 1990 to 2014, the averages …
Identifying Advantages And Disadvantages Of Variable Rate Irrigation – An Updated Review, S. A. O’Shaughnessy, Steve R. Evett, Paul D. Colaizzi, Manuel A. Andrade, Thomas H. Marek, Derek M. Heeren, Freddie R. Lamm, Jacob L. Larue
Identifying Advantages And Disadvantages Of Variable Rate Irrigation – An Updated Review, S. A. O’Shaughnessy, Steve R. Evett, Paul D. Colaizzi, Manuel A. Andrade, Thomas H. Marek, Derek M. Heeren, Freddie R. Lamm, Jacob L. Larue
Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
Variable rate irrigation (VRI) sprinklers on mechanical move irrigation systems (center pivot or lateral move) have been commercially available since 2004. Although the number of VRI, zone or individual sprinkler, systems adopted to date is lower than expected there is a continued interest to harness this technology, especially when climate variability, regulatory nutrient management, water conservation policies, and declining water for agriculture compound the challenges involved for irrigated crop production. This article reviews the potential advantages and potential disadvantages of VRI technology for moving sprinklers, provides updated examples on such aspects, suggests a protocol for designing and implementing VRI technology …
Irrigation Impacts On Minimum And Maximum Surface Moist Enthalpy In The Central Great Plains Of The Usa, Tianyi Zhang, Rezaul Mahmood, Xiaomao Lin, Roger A. Pielke Sr.
Irrigation Impacts On Minimum And Maximum Surface Moist Enthalpy In The Central Great Plains Of The Usa, Tianyi Zhang, Rezaul Mahmood, Xiaomao Lin, Roger A. Pielke Sr.
High Plains Regional Climate Center: Personnel Publications
Agricultural activities notably alter weather and climate including near-surface heat content. However, past research primarily focused on dry bulb temperature without considering the role of water vapor (dew point temperature) on surface air heat content. When using dry bulb temperature trends to assess these changes, for example, not including concurrent trends in absolute humidity can lead to errors in the actual rate of warming or cooling. Here we examined minimum and maximum surface moist enthalpy, which can be expressed as “equivalent temperature.” Using hourly climate data in the Central Great Plains (Nebraska and Kansas) from 1990 to 2014, the averages …
Groundwater Recharge Response To Reduced Irrigation Pumping In Western Nebraska, Justin Philip Gibson
Groundwater Recharge Response To Reduced Irrigation Pumping In Western Nebraska, Justin Philip Gibson
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Given current and continued investment in irrigation scheduling technologies, a need exists to better estimate the longevity and magnitude of water savings at watershed level to avoid the paradox of irrigation efficiency. This paradox occurs within a watershed as not all irrigation inefficiencies lead to the system losing water. For example, irrigation pumping rates in excess of crop water demand may lead to enhanced groundwater recharge or surface runoff that migrates to a stream. Thus, increases in efficiency may not lead to similar magnitudes of water savings. I hypothesize that water savings longevities are short given previous work demonstrating rapid …
Estimating Adaptation To Climate Change In Groundwater Irrigation, James Keeler
Estimating Adaptation To Climate Change In Groundwater Irrigation, James Keeler
Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Understanding the adaptive capacity of irrigated agriculture, including to what extent producers adjust irrigation choices along the intensive and extensive margins, is vital to the development of accurate and holistic estimates of the impacts of climate change on agricultural production and the sustainability of water-related ecosystem services. This thesis proposes and implements a natural experiment using statistical matching methods to estimate how producers adjust groundwater extraction, irrigated crop acreage, and irrigation technology in response to long-term changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration. Results from groundwater irrigated fields in Kansas suggest that intensive and extensive margin water use adaptations are generally limited …
Numerical Modeling Of The Effects Of Land Use Change And Irrigation On Streamflow Depletion Of Frenchman Creek, Nebraska, Moussa Guira
Numerical Modeling Of The Effects Of Land Use Change And Irrigation On Streamflow Depletion Of Frenchman Creek, Nebraska, Moussa Guira
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
A three-dimensional Control Volume Finite Difference-based numerical groundwater flow model was constructed to assess the effects of agricultural irrigation and land use change on streamflow depletion. The study area is Frenchman Creek basin located in southwestern corner of the State of Nebraska, USA. This area was subject to an increased proliferation of groundwater abstraction for agricultural purposes since industrial revolution. It has also been subject to land use change from native rangeland to dry and irrigated cropland. The groundwater flow model was spatially discretized using Voronoi cells in unstructured grid built with the USGS MODFLOW-6. Temporal discretization defined 151 time …
Econometric Estimation Of Groundwater Depth Change For The High Plains Aquifer, Jonathan R. Sims
Econometric Estimation Of Groundwater Depth Change For The High Plains Aquifer, Jonathan R. Sims
Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This article presents a new method for estimating changes in depth to groundwater at a yearly, county level and incorporates these estimates as the dependent variable of econometric models for the High Plains aquifer. The High Plains (Ogallala) aquifer underlies eight states in the central United States and is the primary source of irrigation water for this large food producing region. The stock of groundwater is a finite, non-renewable resource with minimal recharge in most areas. Many fields of study, including hydrology and agricultural economics, are interested in depth to groundwater changes because they serve as a proxy for estimating …
Modeling And Satellite Remote Sensing Of The Meteorological Impacts Of Irrigation During The 2012 Central Plains Drought, Clint Aegerter
Modeling And Satellite Remote Sensing Of The Meteorological Impacts Of Irrigation During The 2012 Central Plains Drought, Clint Aegerter
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
As irrigation is increasingly needed for agricultural production, it is becoming progressively more important to understand not only how irrigation impacts water availability, but how the introduction of this water into the soil impacts weather and climate through land-atmosphere interactions. In the summer of 2012, the Central Plains of the United States experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. This study examines the meteorological impacts of irrigation during this drought through observations and model simulations using the Community Land Model (CLM) coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A simple parameterization of irrigation processes is added …
A Multi-Sensor View Of The 2012 Central Plains Drought From Space, Jun Wang, Amy L. Kessner, Clint Aegerter, Ambrish Sharma, Laura Judd, Brian D. Wardlow, Jinsheng You, Martha Shulski, Suat Irmak, Ayse Kilic, Jing Zeng
A Multi-Sensor View Of The 2012 Central Plains Drought From Space, Jun Wang, Amy L. Kessner, Clint Aegerter, Ambrish Sharma, Laura Judd, Brian D. Wardlow, Jinsheng You, Martha Shulski, Suat Irmak, Ayse Kilic, Jing Zeng
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications
In summer of 2012, the Central Plains of the United States experienced its most severe drought since the ground-based data record began in the late 1900s. By using comprehensive satellite data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), along with in-situ observations, this study documents the geophysical parameters associated with this drought, and thereby providing, for the first time, a large-scale observation-based view of the extent to which the land surface temperature and vegetation can likely be affected by both the severe drought and the agricultural response (irrigation) to the drought. Over non-irrigated area, 2012 …
Estimation Of Energy Balance Components Over A Drip-Irrigated Olive Orchard Using Thermal And Multispectral Cameras Placed On A Helicopter-Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav), Samuel Ortega-Farias, Samuel Ortega-Salazar, Tomas Poblete, Ayse Kilic, Richard Allen, Carlos Poblete-Echeverria, Luis Ahumada-Orellana, Mauricio Zuniga, Daniel Sepulveda
Estimation Of Energy Balance Components Over A Drip-Irrigated Olive Orchard Using Thermal And Multispectral Cameras Placed On A Helicopter-Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav), Samuel Ortega-Farias, Samuel Ortega-Salazar, Tomas Poblete, Ayse Kilic, Richard Allen, Carlos Poblete-Echeverria, Luis Ahumada-Orellana, Mauricio Zuniga, Daniel Sepulveda
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
A field experiment was carried out to implement a remote sensing energy balance (RSEB) algorithm for estimating the incoming solar radiation (Rsi), net radiation (Rn), sensible heat flux (H), soil heat flux (G) and latent heat flux (LE) over a drip-irrigated olive (cv. Arbequina) orchard located in the Pencahue Valley, Maule Region, Chile (35◦25'S; 71◦44'W; 90 m above sea level). For this study, a helicopter-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was equipped with multispectral and infrared thermal cameras to obtain simultaneously the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and surface temperature (Tsurface) at very high resolution (6 cm …
A Compact To Revitalise Large-Scale Irrigation Systems Using A Leadership-Partnership-Ownership 'Theory Of Change', Bruce Lankford, Ian Makin, Nathanial Matthews, Peter G. Mccornick, Andrew Noble, Tushaar Shah
A Compact To Revitalise Large-Scale Irrigation Systems Using A Leadership-Partnership-Ownership 'Theory Of Change', Bruce Lankford, Ian Makin, Nathanial Matthews, Peter G. Mccornick, Andrew Noble, Tushaar Shah
Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications
In countries with transitional economies such as those found in South Asia, large-scale irrigation systems (LSIS) with a history of public ownership account for about 115 million ha (Mha) or approximately 45% of their total area under irrigation. In terms of the global area of irrigation (320 Mha) for all countries, LSIS are estimated at 130 Mha or 40% of irrigated land. These systems can potentially deliver significant local, regional, and global benefits in terms of food, water and energy security, employment, economic growth, and ecosystem services. For example, primary crop production is conservatively valued at about US$355 billion. However, …
Water Consumption Estimates Of The Biodiesel Process In The Us, Qingshi Tu, Mingming Lu, Y. Jeffrey Yang, Don Scott
Water Consumption Estimates Of The Biodiesel Process In The Us, Qingshi Tu, Mingming Lu, Y. Jeffrey Yang, Don Scott
United States Environmental Protection Agency: Staff Publications
As a renewable alternative to petroleum diesel, biodiesel has been widely used in the US and the world. However, its potential impact on water resources has not been much evaluated. This study investigates water consumption from the biodiesel process, which includes three stages: soybean irrigation, soybean-to-soybean oil processing, and biodiesel manufacturing, at both national and state levels. Mass-based allocation is performed and water consumption at the three stages is obtained on the basis of million gallons per year and gallon water per gallon biodiesel (gal/gal). The normalized water consumption (water intensity) of the irrigation, oil processing, and biodiesel production stages …
The Effect Of Mineral-Ion Interactions On Soil Hydraulic Conductivity, Maya C. Buelow, Kerri Steenwerth, Sanjai J. Parikh
The Effect Of Mineral-Ion Interactions On Soil Hydraulic Conductivity, Maya C. Buelow, Kerri Steenwerth, Sanjai J. Parikh
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The reuse of winery wastewater (WW) could provide an alternative water source for vineyard irrigation.The shift of many wineries and other food processing industries to K+-based cleaners requires studies onthe effects of K+on soil hydraulic conductivity (HC). Depending on clay content and mineral composition,K+additions can affect the HC either positively or negatively. Soil mineralogy was anticipated to exhibita strong influence on HC responses and, therefore, soils of contrasting mineralogy were evaluated forchanges in soil HC resulting from applications of solutions elevated in Na+and K+. To examine the impactof mineral-ion relationships on HC, soils dominant in montmorillonite, vermiculite, or kaolinite from …
Did Irrigation Impact 20th Century Temperature In The High Plains Aquifer Region?, Rezaul Mahmood
Did Irrigation Impact 20th Century Temperature In The High Plains Aquifer Region?, Rezaul Mahmood
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Analytical Modeling Of Irrigation And Land Use Effects On Streamflow In Semi-Arid Conditions: Frenchman Creek, Nebraska, Jonathan P. Traylor
Analytical Modeling Of Irrigation And Land Use Effects On Streamflow In Semi-Arid Conditions: Frenchman Creek, Nebraska, Jonathan P. Traylor
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
With proliferation of various numerical models, water budget studies commonly resort to numerical modeling techniques. However, availability and uncertainty in input data limit advantages of this approach. Often, analytical models capture the major traits of the watersheds and can assimilate important data. We developed a model for baseflow-dominated watersheds and apply it to Frenchman Creek in southwestern Nebraska. Frenchman Creek has experienced large streamflow reductions since the 1950s. The cause of these reductions is a combination of irrigation, conservation terrace construction, and other land use changes. However, the influence of each factor has not been well quantified. The objective of …
Impacts Of Irrigation On Dry Season Precipitation In India, Rezaul Mahmood
Impacts Of Irrigation On Dry Season Precipitation In India, Rezaul Mahmood
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Long-Term Response Of Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations To Management Regulations In Nebraska’S Central Platte Valley, Mary Exner Spalding, Hugo Perea-Estrada, Roy F. Spalding
Long-Term Response Of Groundwater Nitrate Concentrations To Management Regulations In Nebraska’S Central Platte Valley, Mary Exner Spalding, Hugo Perea-Estrada, Roy F. Spalding
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
The impact of 16 years (1988–2003) of management practices on high groundwater nitrate concentrations in Nebraska’s central Platte River valley was assessed in a 58,812-ha (145,215-ac) groundwater quality management area intensively cropped to irrigated corn (Zea mays L.). Crop production and groundwater nitrate data were obtained from ~23,800 producer reports. The terrace, comprising ~56% of the study area, is much more intensively cropped to irrigated corn than the bottomland. From 1987 to 2003, average groundwater nitrate concentrations in the primary aquifer beneath the bottomland remained static at ~8 mg N/l. During the same period, average groundwater nitrate concentrations in the …
Evapotranspiration Of Irrigated And Rainfed Maize–Soybean Cropping Systems, Andrew E. Suyker, Shashi Verma
Evapotranspiration Of Irrigated And Rainfed Maize–Soybean Cropping Systems, Andrew E. Suyker, Shashi Verma
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
We have been making year-round measurements of mass and energy exchange in three cropping systems: (a) irrigated continuous maize, (b) irrigated maize–soybean rotation, and (c) rainfed maize–soybean rotation in eastern Nebraska since 2001. In this paper, we present results on evapotranspiration (ET) of these crops for the first 5 years of our study. Growing season ET in the irrigated and rainfed maize averaged 548 and 482 mm, respectively. In irrigated and rainfed soybean, the average growing season ET was 452 and 431 mm, respectively. On average, the maize ET was higher than the soybean ET by 18% for irrigated crops …
Effects Of Global Irrigation On The Near-Surface Climate, William J. Sacks, Benjamin I. Cook, Nikolaus Buenning, Samuel Levis, Joseph H. Helkowski
Effects Of Global Irrigation On The Near-Surface Climate, William J. Sacks, Benjamin I. Cook, Nikolaus Buenning, Samuel Levis, Joseph H. Helkowski
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications
Irrigation delivers about 2,600 km3 of water to the land surface each year, or about 2% of annual precipitation over land. We investigated how this redistribution of water affects the global climate, focusing on its effects on near-surface temperatures. Using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) coupled to the Community Land Model (CLM), we compared global simulations with and without irrigation. To approximate actual irrigation amounts and locations as closely as possible, we used national-level census data of agricultural water withdrawals, disaggregated with maps of croplands, areas equipped for irrigation, and climatic water deficits. We further investigated the sensitivity of …
A New Methodology To Map Irrigated Areas Using Multi-Temporal Modis And Ancillary Data: An Application Example In The Continental Us, Mutlu Ozdogan, Garik Gutman
A New Methodology To Map Irrigated Areas Using Multi-Temporal Modis And Ancillary Data: An Application Example In The Continental Us, Mutlu Ozdogan, Garik Gutman
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications
We present a dryland irrigation mapping methodology that relies on remotely sensed inputs from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, globally extensive ancillary sources of gridded climate and agricultural data and on an advanced image classification algorithm. The methodology involves four steps. First, we use climate-based indices of surface moisture status and a map of cultivated areas to generate a potential irrigation index. Next, we identify remotely-sensed temporal and spectral signatures that are associated with presence of irrigation defined as full or partial artificial application of water to agricultural areas under dryland conditions excluding irrigated pastures, paddy rice fields, …
An Evaluation Of Selenium Concentrations In Water, Sediment, Invertebrates, And Fish From The Solomon River Basin, Thomas W. May, James F. Fairchild, Jim D. Petty, Michael J. Walther, Jeff Lucero, Mike Delvaux, Jill Manring, M. Armbruster
An Evaluation Of Selenium Concentrations In Water, Sediment, Invertebrates, And Fish From The Solomon River Basin, Thomas W. May, James F. Fairchild, Jim D. Petty, Michael J. Walther, Jeff Lucero, Mike Delvaux, Jill Manring, M. Armbruster
United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications
The Solomon River Basin is located in north-central Kansas in an area underlain by marine geologic shales. Selenium is an indigenous constituent of these shales and is readily leached into the surrounding groundwater. Portions of the Basin are irrigated primarily through the pumping of selenium-contaminated groundwater from wells onto fields in agricultural production. Water, sediment, macro-invertebrates, and fish were collected from various sites in the Basin in 1998 and analyzed for selenium. Selenium concentrations were analyzed spatially and temporally and compared to reported selenium toxic effect thresholds for specific ecosystem components: water, sediments, food-chain organisms, and whole-body fish. A selenium …