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Articles 1 - 30 of 51
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Multidecadal North Atlantic Climate Variability And Its Effect On North American Salmon Abundance, Alan Condron, Robert M. Deconto, Raymond S. Bradley, Frances Juanes
Multidecadal North Atlantic Climate Variability And Its Effect On North American Salmon Abundance, Alan Condron, Robert M. Deconto, Raymond S. Bradley, Frances Juanes
Robert M DeConto
Climate variability is now known to play a key role in the abundance of marine fisheries, and must be accounted for to implement sustainable management strategies. We show that North American Atlantic salmon abundance has fluctuated in parallel with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO); a basin-wide, low frequency climate mode producing cold-warm-cold sea surface temperatures over the last century. During the AMO warm (cool) phase salmon abundance is lower (higher). Changes in sea surface temperature associated with the AMO are most pronounced in the winter season near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, a known overwintering area for salmon and an …
Long Distance Effects And Strangeness In The Nucleon, John Donoghue, Barry R. Holstein, Tobias Huber, Andreas Ross
Long Distance Effects And Strangeness In The Nucleon, John Donoghue, Barry R. Holstein, Tobias Huber, Andreas Ross
John Donoghue
We discuss the calculation of the strange magnetic radius of the proton in chiral perturbation theory. In particular we investigate the low energy component of the loop integrals involving kaons. We separate the chiral calculation into a low energy part and a high energy component through use of a momentum space separation scale. This separation shows that most of the chiral calculation comes from high energies where the effective field theory treatment is not valid. The resulting low energy prediction is in better agreement with dispersive treatments. Finally, we briefly discuss magnetic moments and show how our techniques can help …
54th Spsj Annual Meeting Yokohama, Japan, May 25-27, 2005, Jane C. Vogl, Hiroyuki Ohno
54th Spsj Annual Meeting Yokohama, Japan, May 25-27, 2005, Jane C. Vogl, Hiroyuki Ohno
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Macromolecules In Graz, Austria, December 3, 2004, Otto Vogl, Volker Ribitsch
Macromolecules In Graz, Austria, December 3, 2004, Otto Vogl, Volker Ribitsch
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Dynamics Of Trapped Bright Solitons In The Presence Of Localized Inhomogeneities, G. Herring, Panos Kevrekidis, R. Carretero-Gonzalez, B. A. Malomed, D. J. Frantzeskakis, A. R. Bishop
Dynamics Of Trapped Bright Solitons In The Presence Of Localized Inhomogeneities, G. Herring, Panos Kevrekidis, R. Carretero-Gonzalez, B. A. Malomed, D. J. Frantzeskakis, A. R. Bishop
Panos Kevrekidis
We examine the dynamics of a bright solitary wave in the presence of a repulsive or attractive localized ``impurity'' in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). We study the generation and stability of a pair of steady states in the vicinity of the impurity as the impurity strength is varied. These two new steady states, one stable and one unstable, disappear through a saddle-node bifurcation as the strength of the impurity is decreased. The dynamics of the soliton is also examined in all the cases (including cases where the soliton is offset from one of the relevant fixed points). The numerical results are …
Observation Of A Metallic Superfluid In A Numerical Experiment, E. Smorgrav, J. Smiseth, Egor Babaev, A. Sudbo
Observation Of A Metallic Superfluid In A Numerical Experiment, E. Smorgrav, J. Smiseth, Egor Babaev, A. Sudbo
Egor Babaev
We report the observation, in Monte Carlo simulations, of a novel type of quantum ordered state: {\it the metallic superfluid}. The metallic superfluid features ohmic resistance to counter-flows of protons and electrons, while featuring dissipationless co-flows of electrons and protons. One of the candidates for a physical realization of this remarkable state of matter is hydrogen or its isotopes under high compression. This adds another potential candidate to the presently known quantum dissipationless states, namely superconductors, superfluid liquids and vapours, and supersolids.
Observability Of A Projected New State Of Matter: A Metallic Superfluid, Egor Babaev, Asle Sudbo, N. W. Ashcroft
Observability Of A Projected New State Of Matter: A Metallic Superfluid, Egor Babaev, Asle Sudbo, N. W. Ashcroft
Egor Babaev
Dissipationless quantum states, such as superconductivity and superfluidity, have attracted interest for almost a century. A variety of systems exhibit these macroscopic quantum phenomena, ranging from superconducting electrons in metals to superfluid liquids, atomic vapours, and even large nuclei. It was recently suggested that liquid metallic hydrogen could form two new unusual dissipationless quantum states, namely the metallic superfluid and the superconducting superfluid. Liquid metallic hydrogen is projected to occur only at an extremely high pressure of about 400 GPa, while pressures on hydrogen of 320 GPa having already been reported. The issue to be adressed is if this state …
Proxy-Based Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Reconstructions: Sensitivity To Method, Predictor Network, Target Season, And Target Domain, S. Rutherford, M. E. Mann, T. J. Osborne, Raymond S. Bradley, K. R. Briffa, M. K. Hughes, P. D. Jones
Proxy-Based Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Reconstructions: Sensitivity To Method, Predictor Network, Target Season, And Target Domain, S. Rutherford, M. E. Mann, T. J. Osborne, Raymond S. Bradley, K. R. Briffa, M. K. Hughes, P. D. Jones
Raymond S Bradley
Results are presented from a set of experiments designed to investigate factors that may influence proxy-based reconstructions of large-scale temperature patterns in past centuries. The factors investigated include 1) the method used to assimilate proxy data into a climate reconstruction, 2) the proxy data network used, 3) the target season, and 4) the spatial domain of the reconstruction. Estimates of hemispheric-mean temperature are formed through spatial averaging of reconstructed temperature patterns that are based on either the local calibration of proxy and instrumental data or a more elaborate multivariate climate field reconstruction approach. The experiments compare results based on the …
Chemical Manipulation Of High-Tc Ferromagnetism In Zno Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, Kevin R. Kittilstved, D. R. Gamelin, N. S. Norberg
Chemical Manipulation Of High-Tc Ferromagnetism In Zno Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, Kevin R. Kittilstved, D. R. Gamelin, N. S. Norberg
Kevin R. Kittilstved
We report the use of targeted p- and n-type chemical perturbations to manipulate high-TC ferromagnetism in Mn2+∶ZnO and Co2+∶ZnO in predictable and reproducible ways. We demonstrate a clear correlation between nitrogen and high-TC ferromagnetism for Mn2+∶ZnO and an inverse correlation for Co2+∶ZnO, both as predicted by recent theoretical models. These chemical perturbations reveal rich possibilities for exerting external control over high-TC spin ordering in diluted magnetic semiconductors.
Discovery Of A Primitive Damped Lyman Alpha Absorber Near An X-Ray Bright Galaxy Group In The Virgo Cluster, Todd M. Tripp, Edward B. Jenkins, David V. Bowen, Jason X. Prochaska, Bastien Aracil, Rajib Ganguly
Discovery Of A Primitive Damped Lyman Alpha Absorber Near An X-Ray Bright Galaxy Group In The Virgo Cluster, Todd M. Tripp, Edward B. Jenkins, David V. Bowen, Jason X. Prochaska, Bastien Aracil, Rajib Ganguly
Todd M. Tripp
We report the discovery of a low-redshift, sub-damped Ly_ absorber (DLA) in the outer periphery of the Virgo cluster near the X-ray bright NGC4261 galaxy group, in the direction of PG1216+069. We have obtained a new spectrum of PG1216+069 (zQSO = 0.3313) with the E140M echelle mode of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), and this spectrum reveals damped Ly_ absorption as well as O I, C II, Si II, and Fe II absorption lines at zabs = 0.00632. Notably, the absorber shows no evidence of highly-ionized gas: Si IV, C IV, and O VI are not signi_cantly detected at …
Site-Specific And Synergistic Stimulation Of Methylation On The Bacterial Chemotaxis Receptor Tsr By Serine And Chew, Robert Weis
Site-Specific And Synergistic Stimulation Of Methylation On The Bacterial Chemotaxis Receptor Tsr By Serine And Chew, Robert Weis
Robert Weis
Background Specific glutamates in the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of Escherichia coli are modified during sensory adaptation. Attractants that bind to MCPs are known to increase the rate of receptor modification, as with serine and the serine receptor (Tsr), which contributes to an increase in the steady-state (adapted) methylation level. However, MCPs form ternary complexes with two cytoplasmic signaling proteins, the kinase (CheA) and an adaptor protein (CheW), but their influences on receptor methylation are unknown. Here, the influence of CheW on the rate of Tsr methylation has been studied to identify contributions to the process of adaptation. Results Methyl …
Land Planning And Development Mitigation For Protecting Water Quality In The Great Lakes System: An Evaluation Of U.S. Approaches, Elizabeth Brabec, Peter Kumble
Land Planning And Development Mitigation For Protecting Water Quality In The Great Lakes System: An Evaluation Of U.S. Approaches, Elizabeth Brabec, Peter Kumble
Elizabeth Brabec
A review of the land use/water quality interface of the Great Lakes system, and the monitoring programs in place. The paper reviews the weakness in the system and suggests opportunities for improvement.
The Connections Between Qso Absorption Systems And Galaxies: Low-Redshift Observations, Todd M. Tripp, David V. Bowen
The Connections Between Qso Absorption Systems And Galaxies: Low-Redshift Observations, Todd M. Tripp, David V. Bowen
Todd M. Tripp
Quasar absorption lines have long been recognised to be a sensitive probe of the abundances, physical conditions, and kinematics of gas in a wide variety of environments including low-density intergalactic regions that probably cannot be studied by any other means. While some pre-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations indicated that Mg II absorption lines arise in gaseous galactic halos with a large covering factor, many early QSO absorber studies were hampered by a lack of information about the context of the absorbers and their connections with galaxies. By providing access to crucial ultraviolet resonance lines at low redshifts, deployment of HST …
Low Regularity Solutions To A Gently Stochastic Nonlinear Wave Equation In Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, L Rey-Bellet, Le Thomas
Low Regularity Solutions To A Gently Stochastic Nonlinear Wave Equation In Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, L Rey-Bellet, Le Thomas
Luc Rey-Bellet
We consider a system of stochastic partial differential equations modeling heat conduction in a non-linear medium. We show global existence of solutions for the system in Sobolev spaces of low regularity, including spaces with norm beneath the energy norm. For the special case of thermal equilibrium, we also show the existence of an invariant measure (Gibbs state).
Isotropy Of The Early Universe From Cmb Anisotropies, Evan P. Donoghue, John Donoghue
Isotropy Of The Early Universe From Cmb Anisotropies, Evan P. Donoghue, John Donoghue
John Donoghue
The acoustic peak in the CMB power spectrum is sensitive to causal processes and cosmological parameters in the early universe up to the time of last scattering. We provide limits on correlated spatial variations of the peak height and peak position and interpret these as constraints on the spatial variation of the cosmological parameters (baryon density, cold dark matter density and cosmological constant as well as the amplitude and tilt of the original fluctuations). We utilize recent work of Hansen, Banday and Gorski (HBG) who have studied the spatial isotropy of the power spectrum as measured by WMAP by performing …
Stationary States And Energy Cascades In Inelastic Gases, E. Ben-Naim, Jonathan Machta
Stationary States And Energy Cascades In Inelastic Gases, E. Ben-Naim, Jonathan Machta
Jonathan Machta
We find a general class of nontrivial stationary states in inelastic gases where, due to dissipation, energy is transferred from large velocity scales to small velocity scales. These steady states exist for arbitrary collision rules and arbitrary dimension. Their signature is a stationary velocity distribution f(v) with an algebraic high-energy tail, f(v)∼v−σ. The exponent σ is obtained analytically and it varies continuously with the spatial dimension, the homogeneity index characterizing the collision rate, and the restitution coefficient. We observe these stationary states in numerical simulations in which energy is injected into the system by infrequently boosting particles to high velocities. …
Characterizing The Landscape Dynamics Of An Invasive Plant And Risk Of Invasion Using Remote Sensing, Bethany Bradley, J. F. Mustard
Characterizing The Landscape Dynamics Of An Invasive Plant And Risk Of Invasion Using Remote Sensing, Bethany Bradley, J. F. Mustard
Bethany Bradley
Improved understanding of the spatial dynamics of invasive plant species may lead to more effective land management and reduced future invasion. Here, we identified the spatial extents of nonnative cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in the north central Great Basin using remotely sensed data from Landsat MSS, TM, and ETM+. We compared cheatgrass extents in 1973 and 2001 to six spatially explicit landscape variables: elevation, aspect, hydrographic channels, cultivation, roads, and power lines. In 2001, Cheatgrass was 10% more likely to be found in elevation ranges from 1400 to 1700 m (although the data suggest a preferential invasion into lower elevations by …
Stable Isotopes In East African Precipitation Record Indian Ocean Zonal Mode, M. Vuille, M. Werner, Raymond S. Bradley, R. Y. Chan, F. Keimig
Stable Isotopes In East African Precipitation Record Indian Ocean Zonal Mode, M. Vuille, M. Werner, Raymond S. Bradley, R. Y. Chan, F. Keimig
Raymond S Bradley
Observational stable isotope data and model simulations show that the δ18O composition of precipitation in East Africa is closely related to the coupled ocean-atmosphere system over the Indian Ocean. During the rainy seasons δ18O is a very sensitive recorder of the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode (IOZM). The link between δ18O and the IOZM is established through adjustments in the large-scale overturning circulation over the Indian Ocean and associated changes in convective activity and precipitation over East Africa. The IOZM is recorded as significant departures in δ18O not only over East Africa but as a dipole mode with opposite sign to …
Multidecadal North Atlantic Climate Variability And Its Effect On North American Salmon Abundance, A. Condron, R. Deconto, Raymond S. Bradley, F. Juanes
Multidecadal North Atlantic Climate Variability And Its Effect On North American Salmon Abundance, A. Condron, R. Deconto, Raymond S. Bradley, F. Juanes
Raymond S Bradley
Climate variability is now known to play a key role in the abundance of marine fisheries, and must be accounted for to implement sustainable management strategies. We show that North American Atlantic salmon abundance has fluctuated in parallel with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO); a basin-wide, low frequency climate mode producing cold-warm-cold sea surface temperatures over the last century. During the AMO warm (cool) phase salmon abundance is lower (higher). Changes in sea surface temperature associated with the AMO are most pronounced in the winter season near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, a known overwintering area for salmon and an …
Parallel Dynamics And Computational Complexity Of Network Growth Models, Benjamin Machta, Jonathan Machta
Parallel Dynamics And Computational Complexity Of Network Growth Models, Benjamin Machta, Jonathan Machta
Jonathan Machta
The parallel computational complexity or depth of growing network models is investigated. The networks considered are generated by preferential attachment rules where the probability of attaching a new node to an existing node is given by a power α of the connectivity of the existing node. Algorithms for generating growing networks very quickly in parallel are described and studied. The sublinear and superlinear cases require distinct algorithms. As a result, there is a discontinuous transition in the parallel complexity of sampling these networks corresponding to the discontinuous structural transition at α=1, where the networks become scale-free. For α>1, networks …
Power-Law Velocity Distributions In Granular Gases, E. Ben-Naim, B. Machta, Jonathan Machta
Power-Law Velocity Distributions In Granular Gases, E. Ben-Naim, B. Machta, Jonathan Machta
Jonathan Machta
The kinetic theory of granular gases is studied for spatially homogeneous systems. At large velocities, the equation governing the velocity distribution becomes linear, and it admits stationary solutions with a power-law tail, f(v)∼v−σ. This behavior holds in arbitrary dimension for arbitrary collision rates including both hard spheres and Maxwell molecules. Numerical simulations show that driven steady states with the same power-law tail can be realized by injecting energy into the system at very high energies. In one dimension, we also obtain self-similar time-dependent solutions where the velocities collapse to zero. At small velocities there is a steady state and a …
Precision Measurement Of The Weak Mixing Angle In Moller Scattering, P. L. Anthony, R. G. Arnold, C. Arroyo, K. Bega, J. Biesiada, P. E. Bosted, G. Bower, J. Cahoon, R. Carr, G. D. Cates, J. P. Chen, E. Chudakov, M. Cooke, P. Decowski, A. Deur, W. Emam, R. Erickson, T. Fieguth, C. Field, J. Gao, M. Gary, K. Gustafsson, R. S. Hicks, R. Holmes, E. W. Hughes, T. B. Humensky, G. M. Jones, L. J. Kaufman, L. Keller, Yu G. Kolomensky, Krishna Kumar, P. Laviolette, D. Lhuillier, R. M. Lombard-Nelsen, Z. Marshall, P. Mastromarino, R. D. Mckeown, R. Michaels, J. Niedziela, M. Olson, K. D. Pashke, G. A. Peterson, R. Pitthan, D. Relyea, S. E. Rock, O. Saxton, J. Singh, P. A. Souder, Z. M. Szalata, J. Turner, B. Tweedie, A. Vacharet, D. Walz, T. Weber, J. Weisend, M. Woods, I. Younus
Precision Measurement Of The Weak Mixing Angle In Moller Scattering, P. L. Anthony, R. G. Arnold, C. Arroyo, K. Bega, J. Biesiada, P. E. Bosted, G. Bower, J. Cahoon, R. Carr, G. D. Cates, J. P. Chen, E. Chudakov, M. Cooke, P. Decowski, A. Deur, W. Emam, R. Erickson, T. Fieguth, C. Field, J. Gao, M. Gary, K. Gustafsson, R. S. Hicks, R. Holmes, E. W. Hughes, T. B. Humensky, G. M. Jones, L. J. Kaufman, L. Keller, Yu G. Kolomensky, Krishna Kumar, P. Laviolette, D. Lhuillier, R. M. Lombard-Nelsen, Z. Marshall, P. Mastromarino, R. D. Mckeown, R. Michaels, J. Niedziela, M. Olson, K. D. Pashke, G. A. Peterson, R. Pitthan, D. Relyea, S. E. Rock, O. Saxton, J. Singh, P. A. Souder, Z. M. Szalata, J. Turner, B. Tweedie, A. Vacharet, D. Walz, T. Weber, J. Weisend, M. Woods, I. Younus
Krishna Kumar
We report on a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in fixed target electron-electron (Møller) scattering: APV=[−131±14(stat)±10(syst)]×10−9, leading to the determination of the weak mixing angle sin2θeffW=0.2397±0.0010(stat)±0.0008(syst), evaluated at Q2=0.026 GeV2. Combining this result with the measurements of sin2θeffW at the Z0 pole, the running of the weak mixing angle is observed with over 6σ significance. The measurement sets constraints on new physics effects at the TeV scale.
The Average Shape Of Transport-Limited Aggregates, Benny Davidovitch, Jachyuk Choi, Martin Z. Bazant
The Average Shape Of Transport-Limited Aggregates, Benny Davidovitch, Jachyuk Choi, Martin Z. Bazant
Benny Davidovitch
We study the relation between stochastic and continuous transport-limited growth models, which generalize conformal-mapping formulations of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) and viscous fingering, respectively. We derive a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the asymptotic shape (average conformal map) of stochastic aggregates, whose mean-field approximation is the corresponding continuous equation, where the interface moves at its local expected velocity. Our equation accurately describes advection-diffusion-limited aggregation (ADLA), and, due to nonlinear averaging over fluctuations, the average ADLA cluster is similar, but not identical, to an exact solution of the mean-field dynamics. Similar results should apply to all models in our class, thus explaining the …
Pore Formation In Fluctuating Membranes, Oded Farago, Christian Santangelo
Pore Formation In Fluctuating Membranes, Oded Farago, Christian Santangelo
Christian Santangelo
We study the nucleation of a single pore in a fluctuating lipid membrane, specifically taking into account the membrane fluctuations, as well as the shape fluctuations of the pore. For large enough pores, the nucleationfree energy is well-described by shifts in the effective membrane surface tension and the pore line tension. Using our framework, we derive the stability criteria for the various pore formation regimes. In addition to the well-known large-tension regime from the classical nucleation theory of pores, we also find a low-tension regime in which the effective line and surface tensions can change sign from their bare values. …
Conformal Structures And Necksizes Of Embedded Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces, Robert Kusner
Conformal Structures And Necksizes Of Embedded Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces, Robert Kusner
Robert Kusner
Let M = M_{g,k} denote the space of properly (Alexandrov) embedded constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces of genus g with k (labeled) ends, modulo rigid motions, endowed with the real analytic structure described in [kmp]. Let P=Pg,k=rg,k×Rk+ be the space of parabolic structures over Riemann surfaces of genus g with k (marked) punctures, the real analytic structure coming from the 3g-3+k local complex analytic coordinates on the Riemann moduli space r_{g,k}. Then the parabolic classifying map, Phi: M --> P, which assigns to a CMC surface its induced conformal structure and asymptotic necksizes, is a proper, real analytic map. It …
Large Deviations In Quantum Lattice Systems: One-Phase Region, M Lenci, L Rey-Bellet
Large Deviations In Quantum Lattice Systems: One-Phase Region, M Lenci, L Rey-Bellet
Luc Rey-Bellet
We give large deviation upper bounds, and discuss lower bounds, for the Gibbs-KMS state of a system of quantum spins or an interacting Fermi gas on the lattice. We cover general interactions and general observables, both in the high temperature regime and in dimension one.
Stark-Modulation Spectroscopy Of The B(1)[Π3] State Of Pbo, David Kawall, Y. V. Gurevich, C. Cheung, S. Bickman, Y. Jiang, D. Demille
Stark-Modulation Spectroscopy Of The B(1)[Π3] State Of Pbo, David Kawall, Y. V. Gurevich, C. Cheung, S. Bickman, Y. Jiang, D. Demille
David Kawall
We report detailed spectroscopic measurements of the X(0)[Σ+1](v=0)→B(1)[Π3](v=5) transition in PbO. Using a Stark-modulated laser absorption technique, we have measured the hyperfine constant of Pb207O in the B(1) state, as well as the B(1)(v=5) rotational constant, X−B isotope shifts, etc. The hyperfine constant of the B(1) state is of interest as a benchmark for calculations of PbO electronic structure related to experiments to search for the electric dipole moment of the electron.
Ground States And Thermal States Of The Random Field Ising Model, Yong Wu, Jonathan Machta
Ground States And Thermal States Of The Random Field Ising Model, Yong Wu, Jonathan Machta
Jonathan Machta
The random field Ising model is studied numerically at both zero and positive temperature. Ground states are mapped out in a region of random field and external field strength. Thermal states and thermodynamic properties are obtained for all temperatures using the Wang-Landau algorithm. The specific heat and susceptibility typically display sharp peaks in the critical region for large systems and strong disorder. These sharp peaks result from large domains flipping. For a given realization of disorder, ground states and thermal states near the critical line are found to be strongly correlated—a concrete manifestation of the zero temperature fixed point scenario.
Spreading Of Thin Films Assisted By Thermal Fluctuations, Benny Davidovitch, Esteban Moro, Howard A. Stone
Spreading Of Thin Films Assisted By Thermal Fluctuations, Benny Davidovitch, Esteban Moro, Howard A. Stone
Benny Davidovitch
We study the spreading of viscous drops on a solid substrate, taking into account the effects of thermal fluctuations in the fluid momentum. A nonlinear stochastic lubrication equation is derived, and studied using numerical simulations and scaling analysis. We show that asymptoically spreading drops admit self-similar shapes, whose average radii can increase at rates much faster than these predicted by Tanner's law. We discuss the physical realizablility of our results for thin molecular and complex fluid films, and predict that such phenomenon can in principal be observed in various flow geometries.
Hans Ris (1914-2004). Genophore, Chromosomes And The Bacterial Origin Of Chloroplasts, Lynn Margulis
Hans Ris (1914-2004). Genophore, Chromosomes And The Bacterial Origin Of Chloroplasts, Lynn Margulis
Lynn Margulis (1938 - 2011)
No abstract provided.